BACKGROUND Despite optimal neoadjuvant chemotherapy only 40%of gastric cancer tumours achieve complete or partial treatment response.In the absence of treatment response,neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer cont...BACKGROUND Despite optimal neoadjuvant chemotherapy only 40%of gastric cancer tumours achieve complete or partial treatment response.In the absence of treatment response,neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer contributes to adverse events without additional survival benefit compared to adjuvant treatment or surgery alone.Additional strategies and methods are required to optimize the allocation of existing treatment regimens such as FLOT chemotherapy(5-Fluorouracil,Leucovorin,Oxaliplatin and Docetaxel).Predictive biomarkers detected using immunohistochemistry(IHC)methods may provide useful data regarding treatment response.AIM To investigate the utility of CD4,CD8,Galectin-3 and E-cadherin in predicting neoadjuvant FLOT chemotherapy tumour response in gastric adenocarcinoma.METHODS Forty-three adult patients with gastric adenocarcinoma,of which 18 underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy,were included in a prospective clinical cohort.Endoscopic biopsies were obtained from gastric cancer and normal adjacent gastric mucosa.Differences in expression of Galectin-3,Ecadherin,CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)molecules between tumours with and without treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were assessed with IHC.Treatment response was graded by clinical pathologists using the Tumour Regression Score according to the College of American Pathologists criteria.Treatment response was defined as complete or near complete tumour response,whereas partial or poor/no response was defined as incomplete.Digital IHC images were annotated and quantitatively assessed using QuPath 0.3.1.Biomarker expression between responsive and incomplete response tumours was assessed using a two-sided Wilcoxon test.Biomarker expression was also compared between normal and cancer tissue and between 15 paired tumour samples before and after chemotherapy.We performed a preliminary multivariate analysis and power analysis to guide future study.Statistical analyses were completed using R 4.1.2.RESULTS The ratio between CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)lymphocytes was significantly greater in treatment responsive tumours(Wilcoxon,P=0.03).In univariate models,CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)ratio was the only biomarker that significantly predicted favourable treatment response(Accuracy 86%,P<0.001).Using a glmnet multivariate model,high CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)ratio and low Galectin-3 expression were the most influential variables in predicting a favourable treatment response.Analyses of paired samples found that FLOT chemotherapy also results in increased expression of CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)tumour infiltrating lymphocytes(Paired Wilcoxon,P=0.002 and P=0.008,respectively).Our power analysis suggests future study requires at least 35 patients in each treatment response group for CD8 and Galectin-3 molecules,whereas 80 patients in each treatment response group are required to assess CD4 and E-cadherin biomarkers.CONCLUSION We demonstrate that an elevated CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)Ratio is a promising IHC-based biomarker to predict favourable treatment response to FLOT neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer.展开更多
目的探讨(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖联合降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞多指标在艾滋病患者马尔尼菲篮状菌感染早期诊断临床研究。方法回顾性选取我院2020年1月—2022年6月住院的120例艾滋病患者为研究对象。依据实验室结果,将...目的探讨(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖联合降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞多指标在艾滋病患者马尔尼菲篮状菌感染早期诊断临床研究。方法回顾性选取我院2020年1月—2022年6月住院的120例艾滋病患者为研究对象。依据实验室结果,将其分为马尔尼菲篮状菌感染确诊组(血或组织液培育养出马尔尼菲篮状菌),简称A组(62例),及马尔尼菲篮状菌感染临床诊断组[根据临床症状、体征、血常规及(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞多指标诊断],简称B组(58例)。检测患者(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞的表达水平,采用受试者工作特征(receiver-operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)评估上述指标联合检测对艾滋病患者感染马尔尼菲篮状菌的诊断效能。结果A组的(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖和PCT水平均高于B组,CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞个数低于B组(P<0.05);(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞联合检测的AUC为0.933,(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖单独检测的AUC是0.812,PCT单独检测的AUC为0.883,CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞单独检测的AUC是0.810,(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT和CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞联合检测的AUC皆优于三项单独检测,表明(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT和CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞联合检测的诊断价值皆优于单一指标诊断,且联合检测的特异度、约登指数分别为92.43%和0.580,均高于三项单独检测。结论(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖联合PCT和CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞多指标对艾滋病马尔尼菲篮状菌感染具有非常高的临床诊断价值,能够帮助医生分析出高危风险患者,及时制定治疗方案,同时也承担预后效果的判断依据,对治疗艾滋病马尔尼菲篮状菌感染具有非常重要的研究价值。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Despite optimal neoadjuvant chemotherapy only 40%of gastric cancer tumours achieve complete or partial treatment response.In the absence of treatment response,neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer contributes to adverse events without additional survival benefit compared to adjuvant treatment or surgery alone.Additional strategies and methods are required to optimize the allocation of existing treatment regimens such as FLOT chemotherapy(5-Fluorouracil,Leucovorin,Oxaliplatin and Docetaxel).Predictive biomarkers detected using immunohistochemistry(IHC)methods may provide useful data regarding treatment response.AIM To investigate the utility of CD4,CD8,Galectin-3 and E-cadherin in predicting neoadjuvant FLOT chemotherapy tumour response in gastric adenocarcinoma.METHODS Forty-three adult patients with gastric adenocarcinoma,of which 18 underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy,were included in a prospective clinical cohort.Endoscopic biopsies were obtained from gastric cancer and normal adjacent gastric mucosa.Differences in expression of Galectin-3,Ecadherin,CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)molecules between tumours with and without treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were assessed with IHC.Treatment response was graded by clinical pathologists using the Tumour Regression Score according to the College of American Pathologists criteria.Treatment response was defined as complete or near complete tumour response,whereas partial or poor/no response was defined as incomplete.Digital IHC images were annotated and quantitatively assessed using QuPath 0.3.1.Biomarker expression between responsive and incomplete response tumours was assessed using a two-sided Wilcoxon test.Biomarker expression was also compared between normal and cancer tissue and between 15 paired tumour samples before and after chemotherapy.We performed a preliminary multivariate analysis and power analysis to guide future study.Statistical analyses were completed using R 4.1.2.RESULTS The ratio between CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)lymphocytes was significantly greater in treatment responsive tumours(Wilcoxon,P=0.03).In univariate models,CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)ratio was the only biomarker that significantly predicted favourable treatment response(Accuracy 86%,P<0.001).Using a glmnet multivariate model,high CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)ratio and low Galectin-3 expression were the most influential variables in predicting a favourable treatment response.Analyses of paired samples found that FLOT chemotherapy also results in increased expression of CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)tumour infiltrating lymphocytes(Paired Wilcoxon,P=0.002 and P=0.008,respectively).Our power analysis suggests future study requires at least 35 patients in each treatment response group for CD8 and Galectin-3 molecules,whereas 80 patients in each treatment response group are required to assess CD4 and E-cadherin biomarkers.CONCLUSION We demonstrate that an elevated CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)Ratio is a promising IHC-based biomarker to predict favourable treatment response to FLOT neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer.
文摘目的探讨(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖联合降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞多指标在艾滋病患者马尔尼菲篮状菌感染早期诊断临床研究。方法回顾性选取我院2020年1月—2022年6月住院的120例艾滋病患者为研究对象。依据实验室结果,将其分为马尔尼菲篮状菌感染确诊组(血或组织液培育养出马尔尼菲篮状菌),简称A组(62例),及马尔尼菲篮状菌感染临床诊断组[根据临床症状、体征、血常规及(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞多指标诊断],简称B组(58例)。检测患者(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞的表达水平,采用受试者工作特征(receiver-operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)评估上述指标联合检测对艾滋病患者感染马尔尼菲篮状菌的诊断效能。结果A组的(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖和PCT水平均高于B组,CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞个数低于B组(P<0.05);(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞联合检测的AUC为0.933,(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖单独检测的AUC是0.812,PCT单独检测的AUC为0.883,CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞单独检测的AUC是0.810,(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT和CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞联合检测的AUC皆优于三项单独检测,表明(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT和CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞联合检测的诊断价值皆优于单一指标诊断,且联合检测的特异度、约登指数分别为92.43%和0.580,均高于三项单独检测。结论(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖联合PCT和CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞多指标对艾滋病马尔尼菲篮状菌感染具有非常高的临床诊断价值,能够帮助医生分析出高危风险患者,及时制定治疗方案,同时也承担预后效果的判断依据,对治疗艾滋病马尔尼菲篮状菌感染具有非常重要的研究价值。