For the 4f ( N -1)5d configuration the Coulomb interaction between f and d electrons was parameterized by F_k (fd) with K =2,4,and G_K (fd) with K =1,3,5. The spin-orbit interaction for 4f and 5d electrons can be para...For the 4f ( N -1)5d configuration the Coulomb interaction between f and d electrons was parameterized by F_k (fd) with K =2,4,and G_K (fd) with K =1,3,5. The spin-orbit interaction for 4f and 5d electrons can be parameterized by ζ(f) and ζ(d) respectively,which can be compounded into one λ∶λ=aζ(f)+bζ(d) ,where a and b are the corresponding coefficients. The energy expressions of H _e(fd) of the chief low-energy levels of 4f ( N -1)5d configuration for heavy lanthanide ions were calculated and the corresponding spin-orbit parameters λ were also given in LS coupling,which are profitable in analyzing the spectra of the heavy lanthanide ions.展开更多
The electrostatic potential energy model of hydrotalcites was based on the theory of crystallography. The anionic potential energy of MgAl-hydrotalcites, with 20 layers and 2107 anions per layer, was calculated, and t...The electrostatic potential energy model of hydrotalcites was based on the theory of crystallography. The anionic potential energy of MgAl-hydrotalcites, with 20 layers and 2107 anions per layer, was calculated, and the anionic stability of the hydrotalcites was investigated. The charge density of the layer and the distance between the adjacent anions varied with the molar ratio of Al^3+/(Mg^2+ + Al^3+). Anionic potential energy depended on the charge and size of the anions. Calculation results remained consistent with thermal stability and the ion exchange ability reported. This model is able to predict anionic stability of the hydrotalcites.展开更多
Existing explanations for several major phenomena in physics may need to be reconsidered in light of the description of a natural force termed KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction). Three examples a...Existing explanations for several major phenomena in physics may need to be reconsidered in light of the description of a natural force termed KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction). Three examples are selected for discussion in this paper: i) The proposed wave-particle duality of electrons;ii) cold fusion;and iii) superconductivity. The current interpretations of these enigmatic concepts are incomplete and not fully validated by scientific methods. The observations underlying these processes are seemingly consistent with KELEA acting as a repelling force between opposite electrical charges. Relatively simple experiments can be designed to either confirm or exclude KELEA in these and in various other currently perplexing physical phenomena.展开更多
A theoretical discussion of the discharge effects of upward lightning simulated with a fine-resolution 2D thunderstorm model is performed in this paper,and the results reveal that the estimates of the total induced ch...A theoretical discussion of the discharge effects of upward lightning simulated with a fine-resolution 2D thunderstorm model is performed in this paper,and the results reveal that the estimates of the total induced charge on the upward lightning discharge channels range from 0.67 to 118.8 C,and the average value is 19.0 C,while the ratio of the induced charge on the leader channels to the total opposite-polarity charge in the discharge region ranges from 5.9%to 47.3%,with an average value of 14.7%.Moreover,the average value of the space electrostatic energy consumed by upward lightning is 1.06×10^9 J.The above values are lower than those related to intracloud lightning discharges.The density of the deposited opposite-polarity charge is comparable in magnitude to that of the preexisting charge in the discharge area,and the deposition of these opposite-polarity charges rapidly destroys the original space potential well in the discharge area and greatly reduces the space electric field strength.In addition,these opposite-polarity charges are redistributed with the development of thunderstorms.The space charge redistribution caused by lightning discharges partly accounts for the complexity of the charge structures in a thunderstorm,and the complexity gradually decreases with the charge neutralization process.展开更多
The mass,electric charge,and temperature of black holes in the Reissner-Nordstrm-de Sitter quintessence(RN-dSQ) spacetime are obtained.The heat capacities of the RN-dSQ black holes for certain electric charges and m...The mass,electric charge,and temperature of black holes in the Reissner-Nordstrm-de Sitter quintessence(RN-dSQ) spacetime are obtained.The heat capacities of the RN-dSQ black holes for certain electric charges and masses are analyzed.The electrostatic energy and dark energy in the RN-dSQ black holes are also calculated.展开更多
文摘For the 4f ( N -1)5d configuration the Coulomb interaction between f and d electrons was parameterized by F_k (fd) with K =2,4,and G_K (fd) with K =1,3,5. The spin-orbit interaction for 4f and 5d electrons can be parameterized by ζ(f) and ζ(d) respectively,which can be compounded into one λ∶λ=aζ(f)+bζ(d) ,where a and b are the corresponding coefficients. The energy expressions of H _e(fd) of the chief low-energy levels of 4f ( N -1)5d configuration for heavy lanthanide ions were calculated and the corresponding spin-orbit parameters λ were also given in LS coupling,which are profitable in analyzing the spectra of the heavy lanthanide ions.
文摘The electrostatic potential energy model of hydrotalcites was based on the theory of crystallography. The anionic potential energy of MgAl-hydrotalcites, with 20 layers and 2107 anions per layer, was calculated, and the anionic stability of the hydrotalcites was investigated. The charge density of the layer and the distance between the adjacent anions varied with the molar ratio of Al^3+/(Mg^2+ + Al^3+). Anionic potential energy depended on the charge and size of the anions. Calculation results remained consistent with thermal stability and the ion exchange ability reported. This model is able to predict anionic stability of the hydrotalcites.
文摘Existing explanations for several major phenomena in physics may need to be reconsidered in light of the description of a natural force termed KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction). Three examples are selected for discussion in this paper: i) The proposed wave-particle duality of electrons;ii) cold fusion;and iii) superconductivity. The current interpretations of these enigmatic concepts are incomplete and not fully validated by scientific methods. The observations underlying these processes are seemingly consistent with KELEA acting as a repelling force between opposite electrical charges. Relatively simple experiments can be designed to either confirm or exclude KELEA in these and in various other currently perplexing physical phenomena.
基金This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC1501504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41875003,41805002)the Open Research Program of the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather(Grant No.2019LASW-A03).
文摘A theoretical discussion of the discharge effects of upward lightning simulated with a fine-resolution 2D thunderstorm model is performed in this paper,and the results reveal that the estimates of the total induced charge on the upward lightning discharge channels range from 0.67 to 118.8 C,and the average value is 19.0 C,while the ratio of the induced charge on the leader channels to the total opposite-polarity charge in the discharge region ranges from 5.9%to 47.3%,with an average value of 14.7%.Moreover,the average value of the space electrostatic energy consumed by upward lightning is 1.06×10^9 J.The above values are lower than those related to intracloud lightning discharges.The density of the deposited opposite-polarity charge is comparable in magnitude to that of the preexisting charge in the discharge area,and the deposition of these opposite-polarity charges rapidly destroys the original space potential well in the discharge area and greatly reduces the space electric field strength.In addition,these opposite-polarity charges are redistributed with the development of thunderstorms.The space charge redistribution caused by lightning discharges partly accounts for the complexity of the charge structures in a thunderstorm,and the complexity gradually decreases with the charge neutralization process.
基金Project supported by the Education Committee of Liaoning Province of China(Grant No.2009A036)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(Grant No.A2011202129)
文摘The mass,electric charge,and temperature of black holes in the Reissner-Nordstrm-de Sitter quintessence(RN-dSQ) spacetime are obtained.The heat capacities of the RN-dSQ black holes for certain electric charges and masses are analyzed.The electrostatic energy and dark energy in the RN-dSQ black holes are also calculated.