Optimum Tilt Angle of Flow Guide in Steam Turbine Exhaust Hood Considering the Effect of Last Stage Flow Field

Abstract Heat transfer and vacuum in condenser are influenced by the aerodynamic performance of steam tur- bine exhaust hood. The current research on exhaust hood is mainly focused on analyzing flow loss and optimal design of its structure without consideration of the wet steam condensing flow and the exhaust hood coupled with the front and rear parts. To better understand the aerodynamic performance influenced by the tilt angle of flow guide inside a diffuser, taking a 600 MW steam turbine as an example, a numerical simulator CFX is adopted to solve compressible three-dimensional （3D） Reynolds time-aver- aged N-S equations and standard k-e turbulence model. And the exhaust hood flow field influenced by different tilt angles of flow guide is investigated with consideration of the wet steam condensing flow and the exhaust hood coupled with the last stage blades and the condenser throat. The result shows that the total pressure loss coefficient and the static pressure recovery coefficient of exhaust hood change regularly and monotonously with the gradual increase of tilt angle of flow guide. When the tilt angle of flow guide is within the range of 30~ to 40~, the static pressure recovery coefficient is in the range of 15.27% to 17.03% and the total pressure loss coefficient drops to approximately 51%, the aerodynamic performance of exhaust hood is significantly improved. And the effectiveenthalpy drop in steam turbine increases by 0.228% to 0.274%. It is feasible to obtain a reasonable title angle of flow guide by the method of coupling the last stage and the condenser throat to exhaust hood in combination of the wet steam model, which provides a practical guidance to flow guide transformation and optimal design in exhaust hood.

Exhaust hood performance and its improvement technologies in industrial buildings:A literatu rereview

The pollutant control performance of exhaust hoods plays a crucial role in the indoor air quality and energy consumption of ventilation systems in industrial buildings.To better understand the impact of local ventilation on the industrial indoor environment,this paper presents a literature review of exhaust hood performance and its improvement technologies.To create an index for evaluating the performance of exhaust hoods,the capture velocity,capture efficiency,flow ratio of pollutant emissions and exhaust airflow and energy consumption are first introduced.A number of factors affecting exhaust hood performance are assessed such as hood type,hood opening size,exhaust rate,installation distance,pollution source emission and environmental disturbance.Compared to structural improvement methods,the use of active airflow is a more effective way to improve the exhaust hood performance.The most commonly used methods for determining the exhaust rate are the controlled speed method and the flow ratio method.The use of an exhaust hood with an appropriate exhaust rate and jet parameters(for an active air-assisted hood)can effectively improve the pollutant control performance and reduce the energy consumption that would be wasted on the redundant exhaust rate.With more information focused on exhaust hood performance,this work suggests more effective strategies for improving indoor air quality and reducing energy consumption in industrial buildings.

Effects of Inlet Swirl on the Flow in a Steam Turbine Exhaust Hood

The flow in the exhaust hood of a condensing steam turbine depends to a considerable extent on the inlet swirl of the flow which changes in tandem with the volumetric flow of steam through the last stage. This study gives a description of experiments which were carried out on the exhaust hood of a 500 MW steam turbine under various conditions, e.g. when there is rated power, when there is an idle run, or when there are various pressures in the condenser. The flow in a model exhaust hood was investigated by means of CFD methods. Computations were performed with the help of the FLUENT 5 code which is based on solving the Navier-Stokes equations while taking the RSM and LES models of turbulence into consideration. The results of the computations are in full conformity with the experiments.

Influences of Inflow Condition on Non-Axisymmetric Flows in Turbine Exhaust Hoods

The complex 3D flow in a steam turbine exhaust hood model with different inlet swirl and inlet total pressure radial distributions has been simulated by employing CFX-5 and analyzed in this paper. It＇s found that the inlet tangential flow angle at hub has a negative effect on the exhaust hood performance, while a negative gradient of inlet total pressure radial distribution has a positive impact on the hood performances. It＇s also numerically con- firmed that a proper distribution of total pressure at hood inlet can successfully eliminate the negative effects caused by the inappropriate inlet swirl distribution and improve the hood aerodynamic performance.

Three-Dimensional Simulation of Nonstationary Flow Phenomena in "Last Stage-Exhaust Hood"Compartment

Three-dimensional nonstationary model of aerodynamical interaction of turbine stage and exhaust hood is realized, based on nonstationary 3D codes for calculation of inviscid transonic flow through stage[3] and exhaust hood[4] which consist of diffuser and space under casing. The codes are built with the use of the explicit Godunov’s 2nd order difference scheme. Some results of flow simulation through the compartments "stage-exhaust hood," "stage-exhaust axial-radial diffuser" for wide range of volumetric flow rates are represented.

Investigations on the Improving Aerodynamic Performances of Last Stage Steam Turbine and Exhaust Hood under Design and Off Design Conditions

The purpose of this paper is to improve the aerodynamic performances of the last stage turbine and the exhaust hood of a 600MW steam turbine under design and off design conditions. During operation, strong flow interactions between the turbine and the exhaust hood impose influences on the flow behavior in the hood and lead to the unsatisfactory aerodynamic performance of the turbine and exhaust hood. So the exhaust hood has the potential to be improved in terms of aerodynamic efficiency. Considering the flow interactions between the turbine and the exhaust hood, the profiles of the diffuser end-wall were optimized. The coupled model turbine and model exhaust hood calculations and experiments were carried out to validate the effects of the optimization. Model experiments show that the design modifications resulted in a substantial increase in the overall pressure recovery coefficient. The flow and aerodynamic performances of the full-scale last stage turbine and full-scale exhaust hood were simulated to explore the flow physics alterations to the modification of diffuser geometry. The wet steam was selected as the flow medium. The actual flow fields trader different operation conditions were analyzed.

3D Flow in the Axial-Radial Exhaust Hood of a Steam Turbine

The computation model of the 3D viscous flow is used for the analysis of the flow conditions in the model of steam turbine exhaust hood, that was in previous time investigated experimentally. The computation method and the obtained results are described. The calculation is concentrated on the finding of the influence of inlet velocity field and on the influence of compressibility of the flow medium.Especially it followed the fluid motion in the outlet vortex and the occurrence of the areas with flow separation.

Multiple indicators and analytic hierarchy process(AHP)for comprehensive performance evaluation of exhaust hood

Indicators are the basis for judging the working performance of exhaust hood and capture performance are usually used as the only indicator.An evaluation index system including three factors of cooking oil fumes(COF)instantaneous capture,health risk impact and thermal comfort was proposed to assess the comprehensive performance of exhaust hood in the present study.The primary capture efficiency(PCE)of formaldehyde,the PCE of particulate matter with the diameter less than or equal to 2.5μm(PM_(2.5)),the incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR)of formaldehyde,the ILCR of PM_(2.5)and the predicted mean vote(PMV),which can all be quantified with the aid of computational fluid dynamics(CFD),were selected as the indicators.And the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)method was introduced to perform the comprehensive performance evaluation of exhaust hood.The performance of two exhaust hood structures(grille and orifice type)with three exhaust rates(3000,4000,and 5000 m^(3)/h)in two cooking zones of a university canteen kitchen were evaluated.The result showed that the reduction of ILCR of COF exposure is the most important to the performance of exhaust hood.The comprehensive performance of orifice exhaust hood with exhaust rate of 4000 and 5000 m^(3)/h are optimal;the orifice exhaust hood with exhaust of 3000 m^(3)/h and grille exhaust hood with exhaust rate of 5000 m^(3)/h are moderate;the grille exhaust hood with exhaust rate of 3000 and 4000 m^(3)/h are low.Decision-making priorities based on comprehensive and individual performance are not exactly the same in the two cooking zones.It is necessary to use the index system to evaluate the comprehensive performance of exhaust hood that considers the impact on human health and thermal comfort.

分段式排风系统异形构件阻力特性分析及优化

铝冷轧过程产生大量油雾,危害工人健康、破坏厂房环境,分段式排风系统虽可高效捕集油雾,但因含阻力特性未知的异形构件,导致系统风量无法精确按需分配。本文针对分段式排风系统中的环吸式排风罩和缝吸式半密闭罩,通过数值模拟方法研究其阻力特性,并进行减阻优化。研究发现,影响环吸式排风罩和缝吸式半密闭罩局部阻力系数的关键因素为进出口面积比,且二者呈指数关系;针对2种构件中涡产生的主要位置,采用结构优化的方式使阻力分别降低了28.6%和22.1%。本文可为铝冷轧排风系统管路设计提供参考。

铝熔炼炉排烟罩捕集性能分析及优化数值模拟

铝加工厂房熔炼工艺中高温烟尘散发强度大、浓度高,对建筑室内外环境和人员健康危害大。为提高铝熔炼炉局部排烟罩捕集效率,本文研究了排烟罩捕集效率与量纲一排风量(排烟罩排风量/烟尘散发量)的关系;基于消涡原理及气流卷吸特性,提出了排烟罩捕集性能优化方法。研究表明,当量纲一排风量小于3.2时,增大排风量会显著提升排烟罩的捕集效率,为风量经济区。排烟罩几何特征优化后,在风量经济区内烟尘逃逸率降低了20%左右,系统排风量降低了6.1%~44.1%。

用于铝压延厂房油雾控制的环吸式排风罩设计方法

环吸式排风罩是针对铝压延加工工艺油雾散发特征而提出的一种高效捕集设备,可以大幅降低系统风量,从而减少能耗和降低碳排放量,但目前仍缺乏此类排风罩的通用设计方法。本文选取10个铝压延车间铝冷轧机及排风罩为研究对象,探究了不同轧机尺寸组合下排风罩罩口处污染物扩散断面尺寸和排风罩捕集性能,通过回归分析得到了排风罩罩口设计尺寸和设计风量的计算方法,可供工程设计人员参考。

铝冷轧油雾捕集用环吸式、条缝式排风罩性能的对比研究

针对铝冷轧工艺过程产生大量烟气污染环境的问题,文章结合铝冷轧工艺现场,建立了用于铝轧油雾捕集的环吸罩和条缝罩物理模型。通过计算流体力学方法建立了两种排风罩流场的数值计算模型,对比了两种排风罩罩口处附近特征风速和污染物捕集效果,并通过实际物理模型实验,给出了两种形式排风罩捕集污染物的可视化结果。结果表明,环吸式排风罩对污染物的捕集性能优于条缝式排风罩的捕集效果。

电解铝厂铸造混合炉排烟罩优化设计

针对某电解铝厂铸造车间排烟效果差的铝混合炉排烟罩,对其按1∶1建立三维几何模型,采用CFD方法对排烟罩内烟气流动规律进行模拟试验分析。结合现场实际情况,根据条缝式槽边排烟罩原理对排烟罩内条缝口进行优化设计,并应用到现场混合炉排烟罩内条缝口的改造,取得很好的排烟效果,为工程应用提供参考。

工业企业排风罩选型与排风量计算探讨

针对排风罩设置原则操作性不强、排风量计算准确度不高问题,从局部排风系统设计出发,遵循优先选用具有尘源密闭效果好排风罩的原则,对排风罩合理选型进行了流程设计;同时对排风量计算进行了归纳总结,明确了控制风速优先按标准要求选取,其次按特定作业内容选取,最后按集气罩类型及污染物种类选取。对排风量计算过程中存在的问题进行探讨,认为应深入挖掘理论计算结果与现场实际之间的密切关联,应在污染气体与周围气流相互作用的气体运动规律上,实现理论层面的突破。研究结果针对局部排风系统的设计具有一定的指导意义。

纸机车间尾气检测及处理系统

通过对纸机生产线压榨部真空泵尾气及烘干部烘缸气罩尾气指标进行检测分析,对比各废气治理技术优缺点,确定用于真空泵尾气及烘缸气罩收集尾气治理的最佳处理工艺,满足国标及民标对废气治理要求,改善造纸企业周边环境。

汽轮机低压排汽缸与末两级耦合流动的三维数值模拟

数值模拟一直是研究大功率汽轮机低压排汽缸内流场的主要方法之一。但是,国内外的研究大多只构造单个排汽缸模型进行分析,并未考虑到末级动叶排出汽流的不均匀性等因素的影响。为了更加透彻地认识排汽缸内三维流动的细节,文中通过求解由RNGk-ε双方程湍流模型封闭的三维时均N-S方程对汽轮机低压排汽缸和末两级耦合流动进行了数值分析,并采用"混合平面"方法处理末两级叶栅及其与排汽缸之间动静面的参数传递和相互干扰的问题,获得了排汽缸内部的压力和速度分布。与单独排汽缸数值分析相比,该方法能够获得更为接近实际的数值结果,并为汽轮机通流部分及排汽缸的设计研究提供了新思路,所得到的结果可为排汽缸的优化设计提供参考。

烹饪油烟污染与处理技术探讨

为了降低油烟对环境的污染,分析了油烟中的主要污染物成分及油烟对人体健康的几种危害。讨论了五种油烟净化技术:惯性分离法、过滤分离法、液体洗涤法、静电沉积法、复合技术。分析了液体洗涤油烟净化技术的原理、水循环利用时对洗涤废液进行的油水分离,提出了采用流场分析喷淋,以了解其流场的特性。结果表明,采用液体洗涤法去除油烟效率高,安全可靠。

某600MW汽轮机低压末级排汽通道耦合流动三维数值模拟及其结构优化

利用计算流体软件基于Spalart-Allmaras单方程模型分别对600MW机组的排汽缸、凝汽器喉部和两者耦合的排汽通道进行三维数值模拟,以便更加清晰地了解排汽通道的整体流场,并对排汽通道进行合理优化改造。计算结果表明,单独结构模拟结果与排汽通道耦合模拟的结果存在很大差异,主要体现在流场和压力损失上。在有进口漩流的模型中,蒸汽流场分布不对称,因此,不能为简化而采用1/2模型进行研究。针对排汽通道内流场分布,在排汽缸拱顶处加装导流挡板和在扩压管处加装分流板,能有效改善通道内的流场。

考虑湿蒸汽行为的汽轮机排汽缸内流动的三维数值研究

为了更清晰地认识湿蒸汽在汽轮机排汽缸中的流动情况,采用相变模型、k-ε模型结合湿蒸汽流动方程,通过density-based耦合求解的方法,在不同来流条件下对排汽缸进行三维数值模拟。结果表明:随着排汽缸进汽湿度、进汽角度及旋流强度的增加,排汽缸的总压损失系数逐渐降低,而静压恢复系数则呈上升的趋势。排汽缸内部流场各个区域的湿度分布并不相同,其变化规律与压力的分布相同。导流环壁面上的低压槽随进汽角度及旋流强度的增加而变化。因此,不同的湿度条件、进汽角度、旋流强度对排汽缸的性能有很大的影响。研究更能反映排汽缸内部的真实流动情况,可为排汽缸的优化设计和改造提供一定的参考。

炼铁厂高温烟气流场特性及排风罩优化

钢铁企业炼铁厂在生产过程中产生大量高温烟气,但由于受到工艺条件限制无法设置理想的热源上部接受罩,热羽流作用造成排风罩顶部容易产生粉尘逃逸。基于炼铁厂粉尘组成成分和粒径分布的测试结果,采用数值分析的方法研究高温条件下气固两相流动,建立了适用于高温含尘烟气分析的数值模型,确定了数值模拟关键边界条件。研究发现罩内抽风口汇流场速度衰减快而热羽流作用强烈,提出排风罩内的压力分布控制方法及影响高温粉尘逃逸的关键因素。通过排风罩内热羽流及通风气流耦合作用下的流场分析,阐明抽风口在侧面布置的排风罩的优化设计方法及工程实践效果。