Gap junctions enhance the antiproliferative effect of microrna-124-3p in glioblastoma cells

OBJECTIVE MicroR NA(miR NA)holds promise as a novel therapeutic tool for cancer treatment.However,the transfection efficiency of current delivery systems represents a bottleneck for clinical applications.Here,we demonstrate that gap junctions mediate an augmentative effect on the antiproliferation mediated by mi R-124-3p in U87 and C6 glioblastoma cells.METHODS The functional inhibition of gap junctions using either si RNA or pharmacological inhibition eliminated the mi R-124-3p-mediated antiproliferation,whereas the enhancement of gap junctions with retinoic acid treatment augmented this mi R-124-3p-mediated antiproliferation.A similar effect was observed in glioblastoma xenograft models.RESULTS More importantly,patch clamp and co-culture assays demonstrated the transmission of mi R-124-3p through gap junction channels into adjacent cells.In further exploring the impact of gap junction-mediated transport of mi R-124-3p on mi R-124-3p target pathways,we found that mi R-124-3p inhibited glioblastoma cell growth in part by decreasing the protein expression of cyclindependent kinase 6,leading to cel cycle arrest at the G0/G1phase;moreover,pharmacological regulation of gap junctions affected this cell cycle arrest.CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the″bystander″effects of functional gap junctions composed of connexin 43 enhance the antitumor effect of mi R-124-3p in glioblastoma cells by transferring mi R-124-3p to adjacent cells,thereby enhancing G0/G1cell cycle arrest.These observations provide a new guiding strategy for the clinical application of mi RNA therapy in tumor treatment.

MiR-21 Mediates the Radiation Resistance of Glioblastoma Cells by Regulating PDCD4 and hMSH2

Summary： The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism by which miR-21 and its target genes mediate radiation resistance of glioblastoma cells. Real-time PCR was employed to detect miR-21 expression in normal brain tissues, glioblastoma tissues and glioblastoma cell lines （A172, T98G and U87MG）. T98G cells were transfected with anti-miR-21 oligonucleotides, or plasmids con- taining PDCD4 or hMSH2 （PDCD4-pcDNA3 and hMSH2-pcDNA3）. The survival curve was obtained to investigate the sensitivity of T98G cells to radiation. Cell apoptosis was measured by using the Cas- pase-3/7 kit and cell cycle by flow cytometry. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of hMSH2 and PDCD4 in miR-21-inhibiting T98G cells. The results showed that miR-21 expression in glioblastoma cells and tissues was conversely associated with the radiation sensitivity. Over-expression of miR-21 resulted in radiation resistance, while knockdown of miR-21 led to higher sensitivity of glioblastma cells to radiation. After miR-21 knockdown, the apoptosis of T98G cells was significantly increased and the G2 phase arrest was more significant. In addition, miR-21 knockdown increased the expression of endogenous PDCD4 and hMSH2, which contributed to the apoptosis and G2 arrest of T98G cells. The findings suggested that miR-21 may mediate the resistance of glioblastoma cells against radiation via its target genes PDCD4 and hMSH2. MiR-21 and its target genes may be used as potential molecular targets for clinical radiotherapy sensitization in the future.

Withaferin A arrested glioblastoma cells at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis through intrinsic pathway

OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy and mechanism of withaferin A(WA)in Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM,WHO gradeⅣastrocytoma).METHODS Cell viability assay and nude mice xenograft model were used to evaluate the efficacy of WA in GBM.Flow cytometry was performed to detection the effects of WA on apoptosis and cell cycle of GBM.Western blotting and siRNA transfection were carried out to check signaling pathway induced by WA.RESULTS WA significantly inhibited the growth of GBM in vivo and in vitro.WA treatment triggered the intrinsic apoptosis of GBM cells by upregulating expression of Bim and Bad,and arrested GBM cells at G2/M phase through dephosphorylating Thr161 of CDK1 by activating p53-independent p21 up-regulation.In addition,p21 knockdown restored progress of cell cycle and cell viability by down-regulating the expression of Bad rather than Bim.CONCLUSION WA arrested GBM cells at G2/M phase and triggered the intrinsic apoptosis through p21-Bad axis.

Withaferin A exerts anti-tumor effects in glioblastoma cells by arresting cell cycle at G_2/M phase

Glioblastoma(GBM) is the most common,malignant,and lethal primary brain tumor in adults.Up to now,there is no effective drug for GBM.Withaferin A(WFA) is mainly derived from Indian Winter cherry.It has been traditionally used in ayurvedic medicine.WFA has wide range of pharmaco.logical activities including cardioprotective,anti-inflammatory,immuno-modulatory properties.Recently,WFA was reported to inhibit the growth of many cancer cells;however,the precise molecular mecha.nisms of its anti-cancer activities in GBM remain unclear.Here,we found that treatment of WFA in U251 and U87-MG glioma cells inhibited the cell proliferation,released the cellular LDH,decreased the DNA synthesis,and inhibited the migration,invasion,and colony formation of cells.WFA also in.creased the apoptotic rate of cells,decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential,arrested cell cy.cle at G_2/M,inhibited the activity of caspase 3/7,and increased the protein expression of cleaved-cas.pase 3,cleaved PARP in U251 and U87-MG cells.In addition,cell apoptosis induced by WFA was as.sociated with increasing level of Bim,Bad,P21,P53 and decreasing the level of p-CDK1,cyclin A and B.It was also shown that cell apoptosis induced by WFA was associated with P38 signal pathway.These results demonstrated that WFA induced mitochondrial dependent apoptosis in glioblastoma cells which was associated with arresting the cell cycle at G_2/M phase by P38 pathway.Taken together,our findings suggest that WFA might be a promising chemotherapy drug in the treatment of GBM.

Intramedullary Spinal Cord Glioma Following Microinjection of Glioblastoma Cell Line C6 in Rats

Background: This paper describes the establishment of a rat intramedullary spinal cord tumor (IMSCT) model and histopathological characterization of the tumor model. Methods: Fourteen male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups. The rats in group 1 (control group, n = 7) received a 5 μl intramedullary injection of serum physiologic (SF). Those in group 2 (experimental group, n= 7) received a 5 μl intramedullary implantation of media containing 5 × 105 C6 glioma cells. The animals were sacrificed for histopathological examination at 21 days. Results: The control group showed normal functional and histopathological findings. The group 2 rats implanted with C6 glioblastoma cells developed hind-limb paraplegia. Pathological sections confirmed intramedullary C6 glioblastoma invading the spinal cord. Conclusions: A rat C6 IMSCT model was successfully established. This model may be useful in increasing understanding of intramedullary spinal cord gliomas in humans.

MicroRNA-7 regulates glioblastoma cell invasion via targeting focal adhesion kinase expression

Background Invasion growth is the most characteristic biological phenotype of glioblastoma, but the molecular mechanism in glioma cell invasion is poorly understood. Recent data have showed that microRNA plays an essential role in tumor invasion. Our study aimed to explore the mechanism of miR-7 involved in the control of glioblastoma cell invasion. Methods Glioma cell invasion was evaluated by transwell and scratch assays after up-regulation of miR-7 using miR-7 mimics in U87 and U251 cells. Luciferase reporter assay was used to determine focal adhesion kinase （FAK） as a target of miR-7. The levels of miR-7, matrix metalloproteinases （MMP）-2 and MMP-9 mRNA were detected by PCR assay, and the levels of FAK, MMP-2, MMP-9, total and phosphorylation serine/threonine kinase （AKT）, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK） 1/2 were measured by Western blotting analysis. Results Over-expression of miR-7 inhibited the invasion and migration activity of U87 and U251 cells. And up-regulation of miR-7 reduced FAK protein expression, Further, luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-7 modulated FAK expression directly by binding 3＇UTR of FAK mRNA. In addition, miR-7 repressed p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT level, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. Finally, the inverse relationship between FAK and miR-7 expression was certificated in human glioma tissues. Conclusion To our knowledge, these data indicate for the first time that miR-7 directly regulates cell invasion by targeting FAK in glioblastoma and that miR-7 could be a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma intervention.

Glioblastoma stem cells:Molecular characteristics and therapeutic implications

Glioblastoma Multiforme(GBM)is a grade IV astrocytoma,with a median survival of 14.6 mo.Within GBM,stem-like cells,namely glioblastoma stem cells(GSCs),have the ability to self-renew,differentiate into distinct lineages within the tumor and initiate tumor xenografts in immunocompromised animal models.More importantly,GSCs utilize cell-autonomous and tumor microenvironment-mediated mechanisms to overcome current therapeutic approaches.They are,therefore,very important therapeutic targets.Although the functional criteria defining GSCs are well defined,their molecular characteristics,the mechanisms whereby they establish the cellular hierarchy within tumors,and their contribution to tumor heterogeneity are not well understood.This review is aimed at summarizing current findings about GSCs and their therapeutic importance from a molecular and cellular point of view.A better characterization of GSCs is crucial for designing effective GSCtargeted therapies.

Apoptosis of Glioblastoma U251 Cells Induced by Carmustine Combined All-trans Retinoic Acid via Regulating Cyclin E and p27kip 1

The effect and mechanism of carmustine（BCNU） combined with all-trans retinoic acid（ATRA） on the apoptosis of human glioblastoma U251 cells were investigated by means of 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphe- nyltetrazolium bromide（MTT） assay, flow cytometry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） and Western blot analysis. The results show that BCNU or ATRA shows time- and dose-dependent inhibition effects on human glioblastoma U251 cells and the combination of BCNU with ATRA shows an synergistic inhibition effect on human glioblastoma U251 cells, and the combined BCNU and ATRA can significantly inhibit the proliferation of human glioblastoma U251 cells, and induce the apoptosis of them, making the cells arrest in the stage of G1 phase, the stage of S and G2 phases decline, the rate of the apoptosis of human glioblastoma U251 cells increase, the corresponding mRNA expression of cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2（CDK2） downregulated and the correspon- ding mRNA expression of p27kip 1 unregulated. In addition, the combined BCNU and ATRA reduced the protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B（NF-κB）. Taken together, these results suggest that the treatment of human glioblastoma U251 cells with a combination application of ATRA and BCNU can exert synergistic effect, the course of this kind of combination chemotherapy may likely be associated with multiple molecular mechanisms for apoptosis, furthermore, the cyclin E and p27kip 1 should be considered as novel targets for controlling the growth of glioblastoma cells.

Emerging targets for glioblastoma stem cell therapy

Glioblastoma multiforme（GBM）,designated as World Health Organization（WHO）grade IV astrocytoma,is a lethal and therapy-resistant brain cancer comprised of several tumor cell subpopulations,including GBM stem cells（GSCs）which are believed to contribute to tumor recurrence following initial response to therapies.Emerging evidence demonstrates that GBM tumors are initiated from GSCs.The development and use of novel therapies including small molecule inhibitors of specific proteins in signaling pathways that regulate sternness,proliferation and migration of GSCs,immunotherapy,and non-coding microRNAs may provide better means of treating GBM.Identification and characterization of GSC-specific signaling pathways would be necessary to identify specific therapeutic targets which may lead to the development of more efficient therapies selectively targeting GSCs.Several signaling pathways including mTOR,AKT,maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase（MELK）,NOTCH1 and Wnt/β-catenin as well as expression of cancer stem cell markers CD133,CD44,Oct4,Sox2,Nanog,and ALDHlA1 maintain GSC properties.Moreover,the data published in the Cancer Genome Atlas（TCGA）specifically demonstrated the activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in GBM tumorigenesis.Studying such pathways may help to understand GSC biology and lead to the development of potential therapeutic interventions to render them more sensitive to chemotherapy and radiation therapy.Furthemore,recent demonstration of dedifferentiation of GBM cell lines into CSC-like cells prove that any successful therapeutic agent or combination of drugs for GBM therapy must eliminate not only GSCs,but the differentiated GBM cells and the entire bulk of tumor cells.

Dendritic cell vaccination in glioblastoma after fluorescenceguided resection

AIM: To assess whether the addition of a customized, active immunotherapy to standard of care including fluorescence-guided surgery, may provide hints of an improved survival for patients with poor-prognosis, incurable glioblastoma multiform. METHODS: Preliminary to our ongoing, phase-Ⅱ clinical trial, we conducted a small pilot study enrolling five consecutive patients with resectable glioblastoma. In terms of Recursive Partitioning Analysis, four patientswere class Ⅴ and one was class Ⅳ. In all five cases, fluorescence-guided surgery was employed, followed by rapid steroid discontinuation. Patients were then treated with a combination of standard radio-chemotherapy with temozolomide and tumor lysate-pulsed, mature dendritic cell-based vaccinations.RESULTS: Though all five patients ultimately progressed, with any further treatment left to the sole decision of the treating oncologist, active immunotherapy was very well tolerated and induced specific immune responses in all three patients for whom enough material was available for such an assessment. Median progression-free survival was 16.1 mo. Even more important, median and mean overall survival were 27 mo and 26 mo, respectively. Three patients have died with an overall survival of 9 mo, 27 mo and 27.4 mo, while the other two are still alive at 32 mo and 36 mo, the former receiving treatment with bevacizumab, while the latter has now been off therapy for 12 mo. Four of five patients were alive at two years.CONCLUSION: Active immunotherapy with tumor lysate-pulsed, autologous dendritic cells is feasible, safe, well tolerated and biologically efficacious. A phase-Ⅱ study is ongoing to possibly improve further on our very encouraging clinical results.

An Immunogenic Cell Death-Related Classification Predicts Prognosis and Response to Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma

To investigate the immunogenic Cell Death gene’s potential mechanism and prognostic value in glioblastoma. Information on GBM samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database was downloaded, ICD genes were obtained, genotyping, integrated bioinformatics to verify the prognostic value of genotyping, and finally, prognostic model construction. Two subtypes associated with the ICD gene were obtained by consensus clustering, and the high ICD subtype (risk) group was associated with poor prognosis, high mutations in the PTEN gene, high stromal score, and high immune score. We also constructed a new classification system for GBM based on ICD characteristics. This study is the first to use immunogenic cell death genes for genotyping and successfully build a prognostic model.

Effect of Rosehip (<i>Rosa Canina</i>) Extracts on Human Brain Tumor Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis

Rosehips are blossoms from the wild rose (Rosa canina) and are commonly used as an herbal remedy. Previous reports have shown that extracts made from rosehip plants are able to reduce cell proliferation of cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of rosehip extracts in preventing cell proliferation of three human glioblastoma cell lines A-172, U-251 MG and U-1242 MG cell lines. Each of the glioblastoma cell lines treated with rosehip extracts (1 mg/mL-25 ng/mL) demonstrated a significant decrease in cell proliferation. The rosehip extract-mediated decrease in cell proliferation was equal to or better than the decrease of cell proliferation observed when inhibitors of the MAPK (U0126, 10 μM) or AKT (LY294002, 20 μM) signaling pathways were utilized. Additionally, pretreatment of the these cell lines with Rosehip extracts (1 mg/mL-25 ng/mL) selectively decreased AKT, MAPK, and p70S6K phosphorylation suggesting these extracts prevent glioblastoma multiforme cell proliferation by blocking both the MAPK and AKT signaling mechanisms. Results from colorimetric cell death assays, cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry, as well as western blot studies demonstrate that rosehip extracts inhibit cell proliferation but do not promote apoptosis. Moreover, rosehip extracts were able to increase the efficacy of Temozolomide, a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat patients with glioblastomas. Surprisingly, rosehip extracts demonstrated a greater inhibition of cell proliferation than in combination with Temozolomide (100 μM) or Temozolomide as a single agent. Taken together these data suggest that rosehip extracts are capable of decreasing glioblastoma cell proliferation without promoting apoptosis and demonstrate a greater cell proliferation inhibitory effect than Temozolomide. More importantly, rosehip extracts may serve as an alternative or compliment to current chemotherapeutic regimens for glioblastomas.

The Effect of Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 and Metabolites of Sodium Phenylbutyrate on Gene Expression in Glioblastoma Multiforme

Antineoplastons are peptide and amino acid derivatives that occur naturally in the human body. They inhibit the growth of neoplastic cells without growth inhibition of normal cells. Phenylacetylglutaminate (PG) is an active ingredient of antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 (ANP) and is also a metabolic by-product of phenylbutyrate (PB). The formulation of antineoplaston AS2-1 is a 4:1 mixture of phenylacetate (PN) and PG. Antineoplaston A10 is a 4:1 mixture of PG and isoPG. This study investigates the molecular mechanism of action of PG and PN. The Human U87 glioblastoma (GBM) cell line was used as the model system in this study. A total human gene array screen using the Affymetrix Human Genome plus 2.0 oligonucleotide arrays was performed using mRNA derived from U87 cells exposed to PG and PN. Pathway analysis was performed to allow the visualization of effect on metabolic pathways and gene interaction networks. Our preliminary results indicate that PG and PN interrupt signal transduction in RAS/MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathways, interfere with cell cycle, decrease metabolism and promote apoptosis in human U87 GBM cells. The effect on multiple cellular pathways and targets, suggests that ANP and PB are promising candidates for clinical studies in GBM.

桃叶珊瑚苷调节RhoA/ROCK信号通路对胶质母细胞瘤细胞活力和上皮间质转化的影响

[目的]研究桃叶珊瑚苷(AU)对胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)细胞活力和上皮间质转化(EMT)的影响,并对其作用机制进行探讨。[方法]将U87细胞随机分为对照组、AU低浓度组、AU中浓度组、AU高浓度组、Y-27632组、AU高浓度+Y-27632组。细胞计数器试剂盒(CCK-8)法检测细胞活力,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,Transwell小室实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭,蛋白免疫印迹法(Western Blot)检测基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)2、MMP9、波形蛋白(Vimentin)、上皮钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、神经钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)、Ras同源基因家族成员A(RhoA)、Rho相关卷曲螺旋蛋白激酶(ROCK)1、ROCK2表达。构建GBM裸鼠模型,随机分为裸鼠对照组、AU组、Y-27632组、AU+Y-27632组,测量肿瘤质量与体积,免疫组化法检测移植瘤组织RhoA、ROCK1、ROCK2蛋白表达。[结果]GBM细胞活力随着AU浓度的升高而逐渐降低(P<0.05),选择U87作为后续实验细胞,选择10、25、50μmol/L浓度作为AU后续实验浓度。与对照组比较,AU低、中、高浓度组和Y-27632组细胞活力、迁移和侵袭细胞数、MMP2、MMP9、N-cadherin、Vimentin、RhoA、ROCK1、ROCK2表达显著下降,凋亡率、E-cadherin表达显著升高(P<0.05),其中高浓度AU和Y-27632组共同处理的细胞变化更显著(P<0.05)。AU和Y-27632均能抑制移植瘤质量和体积,降低RhoA/ROCK信号通路蛋白表达(P<0.05)。[结论]AU能抑制GBM细胞活力、迁移侵袭和EMT,促进细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与抑制RhoA/ROCK信号通路有关。

Tumor antigen and MHC expression in glioma cells for immunotherapeutic interventions

AIM: To investigate the expression of tumor-antigens and major histocompatibility complex(MHC)-machinery components in glioblastoma multiforme cell lines flow cytometry staining methods were applied.METHODS: Ten GBM cell lines(three commercially available: U-87 MG, U-138-MG and GMS-10 as well as seven newly established cell lines from individual patients in low-passages: HROG02, HROG04, HROG05, HROG06, HROG10, HROG13 and HROG17) were analyzed for expression of(Ⅰ) general and(Ⅱ) GBMrelated tumor antigens as well as of(Ⅲ) components of the MHC machinery by flow cytometry.RESULTS: All cell lines expressed MHC class?Ⅰ?with seven out of the ten being HLA-A02 positive. Four of the seven primary cell lines additionally expressedMHC class Ⅱ in a constitutive manner. Of note, after interferon gamma(IFN-γ) treatment, all seven cell lines expressed MHC class Ⅱ. The tumor associated antigens(TAA) EGFR and survivin were expressed at high levels in all cell lines; whereas MART-1, RHAMM, WT-1 and IL-13Rα were expressed by at least half of the cell lines and HER2/neu, MAGE-1 and tyrosinase were expressed only by few cell lines. However, all cell lines expressed at least two of the candidate antigens included into this analysis.CONCLUSION: No obvious differences between commercially available and newly-established cell lines were observed. Thus, the latter in low-passages are interesting for(therapy-) screening and immunotherapeutic strategies.

胶质母细胞瘤恶性进展中不同细胞亚群的动态轨迹和细胞通讯网络

目的:探索胶质母细胞瘤(glioblastoma,GBM)恶性进展过程中细胞亚群的动态轨迹以及免疫细胞亚群之间的通讯网络,结合GBM患者的转录组数据和临床信息,挖掘GBM恶性进展过程中的关键风险标志物,以期为该疾病的治疗和预后提供科学依据。方法:基于单细胞测序数据分析方法,构建GBM恶性进展中的细胞亚群图谱,利用Monocle2技术构建GBM恶性进展中肿瘤细胞亚群的动态进展轨迹,基于基因富集分析,挖掘肿瘤细胞亚群随GBM恶性进展中显著变化的基因所富集的生物学过程,利用CellChat软件识别不同免疫细胞亚群间的复杂通讯网络,通过生存分析识别GBM恶性进展中影响患者预后的关键风险分子标记物。结果:单细胞测序数据分析识别出6种不同的细胞类型,包括淋巴细胞、周细胞、少突神经胶质细胞、巨噬细胞、胶质瘤细胞、小胶质细胞,单细胞数据集中了27151个细胞,其中包含3881个来源于低级别胶质瘤患者的细胞,10166个来源于新诊断GBM患者的细胞,13104个来源于复发性胶质瘤患者的细胞。胶质瘤细胞亚群逆时序分析提示,胶质瘤细胞亚群在恶性进展中存在着明显的细胞异质性;免疫细胞亚群的细胞相互作用分析揭示,GBM恶性进展中不同免疫细胞亚群之间的通讯网络共识别出22条具有生物学意义的配体-受体对,涉及12条通路;生存分析识别出8个与GBM患者预后密切相关的基因,其中SERPINE1、COL6A1、SPP1、LTF、C1S、AEBP1、SAA1L是GBM患者的高风险基因,ABCC8是GBM患者的低风险基因。结论:深入揭示了GBM恶性进展中胶质瘤细胞亚群的动态变化以及免疫细胞亚群之间的通讯模式,对于理解GBM的复杂生物学过程具有重要意义,为GBM的精准医疗和治疗决策提供了科学依据,也为GBM患者更准确的预后评估提供了新的线索。

成胶质细胞瘤U87干细胞样细胞的培养及其代谢表型与成瘤能力鉴定

目的培养成胶质细胞瘤U87干细胞样细胞(U87 SLCs),检测其干性标志物的水平、线粒体呼吸能力和体内成瘤能力。方法DMEM/F-12中添加B-27以及生长因子EGF和bFGF作为无血清干细胞培养基培养U87 SLCs;悬浮培养U87 SLCs使用神经球培养法,贴壁培养U87 SLCs通过在培养表面包被Matrigel基质胶实现;通过RT-qPCR和Western blot检测培养物的干性标志物mRNA和蛋白质水平;通过流式细胞测量术检测培养物中CD133+细胞的比例;通过Seahorse实时细胞代谢分析检测细胞耗氧速率的变化;通过接种动物皮下移植瘤验证细胞成瘤能力的改变。结果干细胞培养基中的U87 SLCs在1周内即会成长为典型的细胞球形态,细胞球在培养过程中会不断增大;在贴壁剂合适的浓度下,U87 SLCs可以在干细胞培养基中完好地平铺贴壁增殖;CD133、nestin、OLIG2、CD44、CD15、整合素α6(ITGA6)等干性标志物的mRNA表达水平在两种方式培养后与U87相比均显著提升(P<0.05),CD133和nestin的蛋白水平在两种方式培养后也均升高(P<0.05);U87 SLCs展现出了更高的线粒体储备呼吸能力(P<0.05);U87 SLCs能够以更少的接种细胞数形成更大的皮下肿瘤(P<0.05),U87 SLCs体内增殖更加迅速,具有更强的成瘤能力。结论U87 SLCs具有典型的干性特征,是一个良好的干性更高的肿瘤细胞模型。

p53基因突变对胶质母细胞瘤细胞Connexin45蛋白表达影响

目的探究p53基因突变对胶质母细胞瘤细胞连接蛋白45(Connexin45)表达的影响。方法培养胶质母细胞瘤细胞U87细胞(p53野生型)和U251细胞(p53突变型),使用免疫印迹法检测两种细胞P53和Con-nexin45蛋白的表达。结果与U87细胞相比,U251细胞中P53蛋白和Connexin45蛋白的表达均明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t=6.054、4.199,P<0.05)。结论p53突变可能会引起胶质母细胞瘤细胞Connexin45蛋白的表达降低。

三氟甲基喹唑啉化合物抑制耐药性胶质母细胞瘤的增殖

当前胶质瘤的治疗面临耐药性问题,导致传统化疗药物效果受限。本研究旨在探究三氟甲基喹唑啉化合物(KZL204)抗胶质瘤的潜在作用机制。通过CCK-8检测,我们发现KZL204能显著抑制耐药癌细胞的生长,其48 h的半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))为3.63±0.38μmol/L,显著优于阳性对照药物替莫唑胺(TMZ)(IC_(50)值为141.72±3.65μmol/L)。此外,流式细胞仪分析显示,KZL204处理能显著提高耐药肿瘤细胞的凋亡率,并将细胞周期阻滞在G_(2)/M期。同时,Traswell实验证实,KZL204对耐药癌细胞迁移和侵袭的抑制作用。转录物组学分析揭示,KZL204处理后耐药癌细胞中2435个差异表达基因,其中1320个上调,1115个下调。KEGG和GO富集分析表明,这些差异基因显著富集在凋亡相关信号通路。进一步的生物信息学预测和韦恩图分析确定了35个潜在的关键节点基因,其中PI3K-AKT信号通路在差异表达基因中最为显著。实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR:Quantitative Real-time PCR)验证了KZL204对CREB3L1、CSF1、CXCL5、BCL 3等基因的下调作用,以及对FOS、LTA、PTGS2、MAP2K 3等基因的上调作用。蛋白质水平的免疫印迹检测也证实了KZL204对凋亡蛋白质表达的影响,包括上调Bax、切割胱天蛋白酶3(cleaved caspase-3)表达,下调AKT、Bcl-2、胱天蛋白酶3和胱天蛋白酶8的蛋白质表达。综上所述,KZL204通过调控PI3K-AKT和凋亡相关信号通路,显著抑制了耐药性胶质母细胞瘤的生长和转移,并诱导细胞凋亡及阻滞细胞周期,展现了其作为抗耐药性胶质瘤候选药物的潜力。

上调miR-124-3p表达增加U-87 MG人胶质母细胞瘤细胞的放疗敏感性

目的探讨miR-124-3p表达水平对U-87 MG人胶质母细胞瘤细胞(U87细胞)放疗敏感性的影响。方法体外培养U87细胞,利用脂质体载体转染技术转染hsa-miR-124-3p mimics或hsa-miR-124-3p inhibitor质粒调控miR-124-3p表达;转染24 h后,取生长状态良好的U87细胞,在室温下用西门子Primus-M型直线加速器进行照射(16 Gy)模拟放疗;实时荧光定量PCR检测细胞miR-124-3p表达水平,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖能力。结果转染hsa-miR-124-3p mimics质粒后,细胞miR-124-3p表达水平明显上调(P<0.05);转染hsa-miR-124-3p inhibitoR质粒后,细胞miR-124-3p表达水平明显下调(P<0.05)。上调miR124-3p表达,U87细胞增殖活性明显降低(P<0.05);下调miR-124-3p表达,U-87细胞增殖活性明显增高(P<0.05)。上调miR124-3p表达联合放疗,U87细胞增殖活性进一步明显降低(P<0.05);下调miR-124-3p表达联合放疗,U87细胞增殖活性明显降低,但仍明显高于未给予任何处理的U87细胞的增殖活性(P<0.05)。结论上调miR-124-3p表达明显抑制U87细胞的增殖活性,并且显著增加U87细胞的放疗敏感性。