Model-informed drug develop⁃ment(MIDD)is the application of a various math⁃ematical,statistical,and biological models to facilitate drug development,decision making and regulatory review.As a quantitative tool,MIDD ap...Model-informed drug develop⁃ment(MIDD)is the application of a various math⁃ematical,statistical,and biological models to facilitate drug development,decision making and regulatory review.As a quantitative tool,MIDD approaches allow an integration of information obtained from non-clinical studies and clinical trials in a drug development program.General understandings of the underlying biology,patho⁃physiology,and pharmacology can also be incor⁃porated into the model.MIDD is centered on knowledge and inferences generated from inte⁃grated models of the physicochemical character⁃istics of a molecule,its disposition in the body,and its mechanism of action,and how the drug might affect a disease from both an efficacy and a safety perspective.MIDD approaches have the potential to significantly streamline drug develop⁃ment,by improving clinical trial efficiency,opti⁃mizing dose and regimen and waive unneces⁃sary clinical studies.This presentation will use cases studies to demonstrate how to apply MIDD in early phase of clinical trials.展开更多
This study explores the complex dualities in digital education,focusing on the case study of Singapore.It highlights the ethical issues surrounding the integration of information and communication technology(ICT),espe...This study explores the complex dualities in digital education,focusing on the case study of Singapore.It highlights the ethical issues surrounding the integration of information and communication technology(ICT),especially artificial inteligence,in the education sector.The paper presents a theoretical framework to explore these dualities,examining how they have been navigated in Singapore's policy reforms to enhance digital education.These dualities include centralisation vs.decentralisation of resource orientation;customisation vs.standardisation of curriculum,formal vs.informal learning with respect to pedagogical approaches;human agency vs.technological automation for data interpretation;and peaks of excellence vs.equity in achievement outcomes.These aspects significantly impact the outcomes of ICT-enabled reforms.The study draws upon Singapore's longitudinal trajectory of integrating ICT in education,illustrating its efforts in reconciling these dualities.The findings underscore the importance of careful consideration and balance in integrating ICT in education,emphasising the need to transcend these dualities to build a more inclusive digital learning environment.展开更多
文摘Model-informed drug develop⁃ment(MIDD)is the application of a various math⁃ematical,statistical,and biological models to facilitate drug development,decision making and regulatory review.As a quantitative tool,MIDD approaches allow an integration of information obtained from non-clinical studies and clinical trials in a drug development program.General understandings of the underlying biology,patho⁃physiology,and pharmacology can also be incor⁃porated into the model.MIDD is centered on knowledge and inferences generated from inte⁃grated models of the physicochemical character⁃istics of a molecule,its disposition in the body,and its mechanism of action,and how the drug might affect a disease from both an efficacy and a safety perspective.MIDD approaches have the potential to significantly streamline drug develop⁃ment,by improving clinical trial efficiency,opti⁃mizing dose and regimen and waive unneces⁃sary clinical studies.This presentation will use cases studies to demonstrate how to apply MIDD in early phase of clinical trials.
文摘This study explores the complex dualities in digital education,focusing on the case study of Singapore.It highlights the ethical issues surrounding the integration of information and communication technology(ICT),especially artificial inteligence,in the education sector.The paper presents a theoretical framework to explore these dualities,examining how they have been navigated in Singapore's policy reforms to enhance digital education.These dualities include centralisation vs.decentralisation of resource orientation;customisation vs.standardisation of curriculum,formal vs.informal learning with respect to pedagogical approaches;human agency vs.technological automation for data interpretation;and peaks of excellence vs.equity in achievement outcomes.These aspects significantly impact the outcomes of ICT-enabled reforms.The study draws upon Singapore's longitudinal trajectory of integrating ICT in education,illustrating its efforts in reconciling these dualities.The findings underscore the importance of careful consideration and balance in integrating ICT in education,emphasising the need to transcend these dualities to build a more inclusive digital learning environment.
