The latencies of motor- and somatosensory-evoked potentials were prolonged to different degrees, and wave amplitude was obviously decreased, after injection of dynorphin into the rat subarachnoid cavity. The wave ampl...The latencies of motor- and somatosensory-evoked potentials were prolonged to different degrees, and wave amplitude was obviously decreased, after injection of dynorphin into the rat subarachnoid cavity. The wave amplitude and latencies of motor- and somatosensory-evoked potentials were significantly recovered at 7 and 14 days after combined injection of dynorphin and either the kappa opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine or the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801. The wave amplitude and latency were similar in rats after combined injection of dynorphin and nor-binaltorphimine or MK-801. These results suggest that intrathecal injection of dynorphin causes damage to spinal cord function. Prevention of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor or kappa receptor activation lessened the injury to spinal cord function induced by dynorphin.展开更多
Concomitantly with the increase in the prevalences of overweight/obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has worldwide become the main cause of chronic liver disease in both adults and children. Patients with...Concomitantly with the increase in the prevalences of overweight/obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has worldwide become the main cause of chronic liver disease in both adults and children. Patients with fatty liver display features of metabolic syndrome(Met S), like insulin resistance(IR), glucose intolerance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Recently, epidemiological studies have linked obesity, Met S, and NAFLD to decreased bone mineral density and osteoporosis, highlighting an intricate interplay among bone, adipose tissue, and liver. Osteoprotegerin(OPG), an important symbol of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/OPG system activation, typically considered for its role in bone metabolism, may also play critical roles in the initiation and perpetuation of obesityrelated comorbidities. Clinical data have indicated that OPG concentrations are associated with hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, vascular calcification, endothelial dysfunction, and severity of liver damage in chronic hepatitis C. Nonetheless, the relationship between circulating OPG and IR as a key feature of Met S as well as between OPG and NAFLD remains uncertain. Thus, the aims of the present review are to provide the existent knowledge on these associations and to discuss briefly the underlying mechanisms linking OPG and NAFLD.展开更多
Objective: To observe the changes of mu and kappa opioid receptors in the cathartic colon of rat, and to clarify that whether opioid receptors accounts for the occurrence of slow transit constipation (STC). Methods: T...Objective: To observe the changes of mu and kappa opioid receptors in the cathartic colon of rat, and to clarify that whether opioid receptors accounts for the occurrence of slow transit constipation (STC). Methods: The cathartic colon model of rat was made by feeding with laxatives. The activity of mu and kappa opioid receptors in the cathartic colon of rat was measured by radio-ligand binding assay. Results: Compared with the control group, the maximal binding capacity (Bmax) and affinity(Kd) of mu opioid receptor in cathartic colon group were significantly increased (207.00±22.90 fmol/mg·p vs 82.00±14.23 fmol/mg·p, P < 0.01;3.30±0.45 mmol/L vs 2.40±0.57 mmol/L,P < 0.05). The maximal binding capacity of kappa opioid receptor also showed a great increase (957.00±102.41 fmol/mg·p vs 459.00±52.41 fmol/mg·p, P<0.01), but no significant difference of affinity was found between the two groups. Conclusion: The mu and kappa opioid receptors may be involved in the functional disorders of cathartic colon.展开更多
Little is known about the roles of dynorphin and Kappa opioid receptor(KOR) in mollusks. In this study, we aim to determine the distribution of dynorphin A and KOR-1 in the digestive system of the scallop Chlamys farr...Little is known about the roles of dynorphin and Kappa opioid receptor(KOR) in mollusks. In this study, we aim to determine the distribution of dynorphin A and KOR-1 in the digestive system of the scallop Chlamys farreri. Using immunohistochemical staining, we confirmed the expression of dynorphin A and KOR-1 in the digestive system of C. farreri. Dynorphin A immunopositive cells were identified in intestine and hepatopancreas. In intestine, small and spherical dynorphin A immunopositive cells(4–9 μm in diameter) were scattered among the long columnar epithelial cells(ECs). In hepatopancreas, cells containing masses(5–14 μm in diameter) of dynorphin A immunopositive products were observed in epithelium of acinis. These immunopositive cells may be synthetic and/or secretory cells of dynorphin A. Dynorphin A immunoreactive products were commonly observed in epithelium and connective tissue(CT) of labial palps, mouth labia and stomach, which presented in forms of grains, fibers or flakes. KOR-1 immunoreactive material was observed in ECs and CTs of labial palps, mouth labia and stomach, intestine and hepatopancreas. The distribution of both dynorphin A and KOR-1 in the digestive organs suggests an involvement of dynorphin via KOR-1 in the functional regulation of the digestive system of C. farreri.展开更多
骨结核是一种严重危害人体健康的骨科感染性疾病,其病灶组织破坏的最大特点是骨质的吸收及破坏,其中破骨细胞是骨吸收的主要细胞。破骨细胞是由造血干细胞分化而来的多核细胞,通常是由核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of ...骨结核是一种严重危害人体健康的骨科感染性疾病,其病灶组织破坏的最大特点是骨质的吸收及破坏,其中破骨细胞是骨吸收的主要细胞。破骨细胞是由造血干细胞分化而来的多核细胞,通常是由核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL)与核因子κB受体活化因子(receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB,RANK)调控产生。结核分枝杆菌可以通过RANKL信号通路激活破骨细胞生成转录因子,以增强破骨细胞对骨质的吸收。笔者通过综述RANKL信号通路的结构及破骨细胞的研究进展,以及它们在骨结核临床治疗中可能发挥的潜在作用,为该领域的研究提供新的思路。展开更多
基金Key Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Liaoning Province, China, No. 20112250021, 20112250041.
文摘The latencies of motor- and somatosensory-evoked potentials were prolonged to different degrees, and wave amplitude was obviously decreased, after injection of dynorphin into the rat subarachnoid cavity. The wave amplitude and latencies of motor- and somatosensory-evoked potentials were significantly recovered at 7 and 14 days after combined injection of dynorphin and either the kappa opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine or the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801. The wave amplitude and latency were similar in rats after combined injection of dynorphin and nor-binaltorphimine or MK-801. These results suggest that intrathecal injection of dynorphin causes damage to spinal cord function. Prevention of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor or kappa receptor activation lessened the injury to spinal cord function induced by dynorphin.
文摘Concomitantly with the increase in the prevalences of overweight/obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has worldwide become the main cause of chronic liver disease in both adults and children. Patients with fatty liver display features of metabolic syndrome(Met S), like insulin resistance(IR), glucose intolerance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Recently, epidemiological studies have linked obesity, Met S, and NAFLD to decreased bone mineral density and osteoporosis, highlighting an intricate interplay among bone, adipose tissue, and liver. Osteoprotegerin(OPG), an important symbol of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/OPG system activation, typically considered for its role in bone metabolism, may also play critical roles in the initiation and perpetuation of obesityrelated comorbidities. Clinical data have indicated that OPG concentrations are associated with hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, vascular calcification, endothelial dysfunction, and severity of liver damage in chronic hepatitis C. Nonetheless, the relationship between circulating OPG and IR as a key feature of Met S as well as between OPG and NAFLD remains uncertain. Thus, the aims of the present review are to provide the existent knowledge on these associations and to discuss briefly the underlying mechanisms linking OPG and NAFLD.
文摘Objective: To observe the changes of mu and kappa opioid receptors in the cathartic colon of rat, and to clarify that whether opioid receptors accounts for the occurrence of slow transit constipation (STC). Methods: The cathartic colon model of rat was made by feeding with laxatives. The activity of mu and kappa opioid receptors in the cathartic colon of rat was measured by radio-ligand binding assay. Results: Compared with the control group, the maximal binding capacity (Bmax) and affinity(Kd) of mu opioid receptor in cathartic colon group were significantly increased (207.00±22.90 fmol/mg·p vs 82.00±14.23 fmol/mg·p, P < 0.01;3.30±0.45 mmol/L vs 2.40±0.57 mmol/L,P < 0.05). The maximal binding capacity of kappa opioid receptor also showed a great increase (957.00±102.41 fmol/mg·p vs 459.00±52.41 fmol/mg·p, P<0.01), but no significant difference of affinity was found between the two groups. Conclusion: The mu and kappa opioid receptors may be involved in the functional disorders of cathartic colon.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2012CM004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41506190)
文摘Little is known about the roles of dynorphin and Kappa opioid receptor(KOR) in mollusks. In this study, we aim to determine the distribution of dynorphin A and KOR-1 in the digestive system of the scallop Chlamys farreri. Using immunohistochemical staining, we confirmed the expression of dynorphin A and KOR-1 in the digestive system of C. farreri. Dynorphin A immunopositive cells were identified in intestine and hepatopancreas. In intestine, small and spherical dynorphin A immunopositive cells(4–9 μm in diameter) were scattered among the long columnar epithelial cells(ECs). In hepatopancreas, cells containing masses(5–14 μm in diameter) of dynorphin A immunopositive products were observed in epithelium of acinis. These immunopositive cells may be synthetic and/or secretory cells of dynorphin A. Dynorphin A immunoreactive products were commonly observed in epithelium and connective tissue(CT) of labial palps, mouth labia and stomach, which presented in forms of grains, fibers or flakes. KOR-1 immunoreactive material was observed in ECs and CTs of labial palps, mouth labia and stomach, intestine and hepatopancreas. The distribution of both dynorphin A and KOR-1 in the digestive organs suggests an involvement of dynorphin via KOR-1 in the functional regulation of the digestive system of C. farreri.
文摘骨结核是一种严重危害人体健康的骨科感染性疾病,其病灶组织破坏的最大特点是骨质的吸收及破坏,其中破骨细胞是骨吸收的主要细胞。破骨细胞是由造血干细胞分化而来的多核细胞,通常是由核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL)与核因子κB受体活化因子(receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB,RANK)调控产生。结核分枝杆菌可以通过RANKL信号通路激活破骨细胞生成转录因子,以增强破骨细胞对骨质的吸收。笔者通过综述RANKL信号通路的结构及破骨细胞的研究进展,以及它们在骨结核临床治疗中可能发挥的潜在作用,为该领域的研究提供新的思路。
