Preparation of new hybrid organic/inorganic polymeric chiral stationary phases for ligand-exchange chromatography

Three new hybrid organic/inorganic polymeric ligand-exchange chiral stationary phases were developed by radical chain transfer reaction and surface grafting on silica gel, and successfully used for the enantioseparations of DL-amino acids and DL-hydroxyl adds. The resolutions were achieved by using water containing 2.0 × 10^-4 mol/L of CuAc2 as a mobile phase, column temperature of 40 ℃, flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detection at UV 254 nm. The elution order of D-isomer before L-isomer was observed for all DL-amino acids resolved except DL-Pro.

A chiral stationary phase with special hydrophobic framework for ligand-exchange chromatography

A novel chiral stationary phase （CSP1） for ligand-exchange chromatography （CLEC） was prepared by firstly using dimethylchlorosilane as an endcapping reagent for decreasing residual silanol group on the surface of silica gel, and then introducing L-Pro as a chiral selector and hydrophobic octyl group to the silica gel surface simultaneously. The enantioseparations of 14 DL-amino acids on CSP1 were achieved with the enantioselectivity α ranging from 1.09 to 2.44 and the resolution Rs being between 0.8 and 6.3. The chromatographic performances of CSP1 with the bonded phase （CSP2） prepared using reference method were compared. The results showed that the column efficiency and resolution Rs of chiral stationary phase could be improved by using the above modifying method.

Enantioseparation of Dencichine and D-Isomer on L-Cysteine Derivative Phase by Ligand-exchange Chromatography

The enantioseparation of dencichine and its D-isomer was achieved on a novel chiral stationary phase via coating N-（2-hydroxyl-3-octoxyl） propyl-S-benzyl-（L）-cysteine on YWG-C18 phase by ligand exchange chromatography.

Modification of Chiral Stationary Phases with L-Proline as a Selector for Ligand-exchange Chromatography via Introducing Hydrophobic Groups

Three chiral stationary phases（CSPl, CSP2 and CSP3） for ligand-exchange chromatography were prepared by firstly using dimethylchlorosilane as an endcapping reagent for decreasing residual silanol groups on the surface of silica gel, and then modifying the surface of silica gel with allyl glycidyl ether and alkenes through the hydrosilation reaction, and lastly introducing L-proline as a chiral selector. The enantiomer resolutions of 14 amino acids and 2 hydroxyl acids were completed on the CSPs by using an aqueous solution of Cu（Ac）2 as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and column temperature of 40 ℃ with detection at UV 254 nm. In terms of enantioseleetivity a, column efficiency and resolution Rs, the chromatographic behaviors of the analytes on the CSPs were discussed via comparing them to those on the CSP4 prepared via the reference method. The results show that enantioselectivity a, column efficiency and resolution Rs of the analytes on the CSPs could be improved by using the above modifying method.

Determination of Organic Acids in Root Exudates by High Performance Liquid Chromatography: I. Development and Assessment of Chromatographic Conditions *1

Methods for determining nine low molecular weight organic acids in root exudates were developed by using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with UV (ultraviolet) detection at 214 nm. The mobile phase was 18 mmol L -1 kH 2PO 4 adjusted to pH 2.25 with phosphoric acid and the flow rate was 0.3 mL min -1 . The analytical column was a reversed phase silica based C 18 column (Shim pack CLC ODS). The root exudates were collected through submerging the whole root system into aerated deionized water for 2 hours. The filtered exudate solutions were concentrated to dryness by rotary evaporation at 40 °C, dissolved in 10 mL mobile phase. The chromatographic conditions of organic acid determination were analyzed. The results showed that there was a high selectivity and sensitivity in the organic acid determination by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Coefficients of variation for organic acid determination were lower than 10% except lactic acid. The recoveries were consistently between 80.1% to 108.3%. Detection limits were approximately 0.05 to 4.5 mg L -1 for organic acids except succinic acid with the detection limit of 7.0 mg L -1 . Phosphorus deficiency may contribute to the release of organic acids in soybean root exudates especially malic, lactic and citric acids.

MODELLING OF MECHANICAL MECHANISM OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SYSTEM AND THEORETICAL EQUATIONS SHOWING DYNAMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHROMATOGRAPHY

A simple model of chromatographic mechanical mechanism is present, and then a scrics of theoretical chromatographic equations and fundamental Formulae are derived. These theoretical equations and formulae not only reserve thermodynamic characteristics in the current fundamental chromatographic formulae, but also introduce one or more kinetic parameter, so it is possible to make the macroscopic-control on the effect of kinetic characteristics on chromatographic system.

Gas Chromatographic Method for Identification and Quantification of Commonly Used Residual Solvents in Pharmaceuticals Products

Background: Impurities are not expected in the final pharmaceutical products. All impurities should be regulated in both drug substances and drug products in accordance with pharmacopeias and ICH guidelines. Three different types of impurities are generally available in the pharmaceutical’s product specification: organic impurities, inorganic impurities, and residual solvents. Residual solvents are organic volatile chemicals used or generated during the manufacturing of drug substances or drug products. Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop a cost-effective gas chromatographic method for the identification and quantification of some commonly used solvents—methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran (THF), benzene, toluene, and pyridine—in pharmaceutical product manufacturing. This method will be able to identify and quantify the multiple solvents within a single gas chromatographic procedure. Method: A gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a headspace sampler and a flame ionization detector, and a column DB 624, 30-meter-long × 0.32-millimeter internal diameter, 1,8 μm-thick, Brand-Agilent was used to develop this method. The initial GC oven temperature was 40°C and held for 5 minutes. It was then increase to 80˚C at a rate of 2˚C per minute, followed by a further increase to 225˚C at a rate of 30˚C per minute, with a final hold at 225˚C for 10 minutes. Nitrogen was used as a carrier gas at a flow rate of 1.20 mL per minute. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was selected as sample solvent. Results: The developed method is precise and specific. The percent RSD for the areas of six replicate injections of this gas chromatographic method was within 10.0 and the recovery result found within 80.0% to 120.0%.

Simultaneous purification of minor components in natural products using twin-column recycling chromatography with a step solvent gradient

The isolation of minor components from complex natural product matrices presents a significant challenge in the field of purification science due to their low concentrations and the presence of structurally similar compounds.This study introduces an optimized twin-column recycling chromatography method for the efficient and simultaneous purification of these elusive constituents.By introducing water at a small flowing rate between the twin columns,a step solvent gradient is created,by which the leading edge of concentration band would migrate at a slower rate than the trailing edge as it flowing from the upstream to downstream column.Hence,the band broadening is counterbalanced,resulting in an enrichment effect for those minor components in separation process.Herein,two target substances,which showed similar peak position in high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and did not exceed 1.8%in crude paclitaxel were selected as target compounds for separation.By using the twin-column recycling chromatography with a step solvent gradient,a successful purification was achieved in getting the two with the purity almost 100%.We suggest this method is suitable for the separation of most components in natural produces,which shows higher precision and recovery rate compared with the common lab-operated separation ways for natural products(thin-layer chromatography and prep-HPLC).

Determination of 14 Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Mutton by Gel Permeation Chromatography-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GPC-GC-MS)

[Objectives]This study was conducted to purify mutton samples by gel permeation chromatography(GPC).[Methods]Fourteen organophosphorus pesticide residues in samples were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)in selective ion scanning mode(SIM).[Results]The organophosphorus pesticide standard solutions showed good linearity in the mass concentration range of 0.1-10.0μg/ml with correlation coefficients(r)not lower than 0.999,and the detection limits(S=3 N)ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/kg.The average recovery values were in the range of 80.2%-99.7%,with relative standard deviations(RSDs,n=3)in the range of 1.8%-6.3%,at the addition levels of 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg.[Conclusions]The method is simple,sensitive and accurate,and can be used for the determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in mutton.

Comprehensive analysis of phenolic composition and antioxidant mechanisms in Gymnema sylvestre extracts using LC-MS and column chromatography

Recent studies have highlighted the potential of plant extracts as therapeutic agents for managing oxidative stress and related disorders.This study aims to elucidate the phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of Gymnema sylvestre extracts.Ethanolic reflux extraction followed by column chromatography was employed to isolate phenolic compounds.The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified using the Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods,respectively.Antioxidant activities were assessed by DPPH,ABTS scavenging assays and the ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP)assay.High-Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)with a C18 column and Thermo TSQ Quantum Access Max(LC-MS)were used to determine the levels of gymnemic acid and identify other potential phenolic compounds.The analysis revealed significant antioxidant activities in the fractions.Fraction A showed the highest DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities,and Fraction C demonstrated the highest ferric reducing power.LC-MS analysis identified several phenolic compounds,indicating that these are major contributors to the antioxidant efficacy of the extract.This study provides a detailed phenolic profile and confirms the strong antioxidant potential of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract,supporting its therapeutic use and further investigation.

Determination of Benzo[a]pyrene in Edible Oil by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Detector (HPLC-FL)

In this study, an optimized high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (HPLC-FL) method for the determination of benzo[a]pyrene in edible oil was established. HPLC was performed with Thermo Fisher Scientific C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) as the chromatographic column and acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase, and the excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of fluorescence detector were 286 and 430 nm, respectively. The response was high, and the linear range was 0.5-10.0 ng/ml. The lowest limit of detection was 0.11 ng/ml, and the average recovery was 92.5%. This method is suitable for quantitative analysis of benzo[a]pyrene content in edible oil.

Development of Quantitative Analysis Method of Carbendazim in Tomatoes by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection(HPLC-FLD)

Carbendazim belongs to the benzimidazole fungicides,which can be used for control lots of fungi pathogens.High-performance liquid chromatography is frequently used for the analysis of carbendazim in all kinds of samples.In most occasions,the developed methods were applied for the simultaneous detection of a huge number of pesticides.Thus,an analytical method via UPLC-FLD was developed,and the sample preparation process was optimized by studying the effect of extraction solvent,approach,time and purification absorbent on the recovery rate of carbendazim.The results showed the optimized method for analysis was ultrasonication-assisted extraction with acetonitrile for 1 min,and subsequent purification by C18.In this occasion,the established analytical method of carbendazim in tomato samples displayed good linearity,accuracy and precision.

气相色谱-串联质谱同时测定白酒中20种吡嗪类化合物

本研究采用直接进样结合气相色谱-串联质谱技术建立测定白酒中20种吡嗪类化合物的方法,并对10种香型不同品牌白酒中的吡嗪类化合物进行测定。该方法在0.01~10.00 mg/L的质量浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,决定系数R^(2)在0.998 3~0.999 7的范围内,检出限在0.16×10^(-3)~3.25×10^(-3) mg/L范围内,不同浓度条件下的加标回收率在81.26%~113.13%之间,日内日间相对标准偏差在1.42%~4.98%之间。10种香型白酒中吡嗪类化合物的定量分析结果表明,吡嗪类化合物在酱香型白酒中含量最高,质量浓度范围为2.63~16.88 mg/L,其次是芝麻香型和兼香型。该方法与气相色谱-质谱法相比具有更高的准确度及灵敏度,适用于不同香型白酒中吡嗪类化合物的分析。

SAFE结合GC-MS/O分离分析29种淡香型天然香辛料香气活性成分

采用溶剂萃取结合溶剂辅助风味蒸发萃取(SAFE),分离富集29种淡香型天然香辛料的香气活性成分,使用气相色谱质谱/嗅闻联用仪(GC-MS/O)进行了定性定量测定。将各类香气活性化合物的种类和含量构建相关系数矩阵网络,建立了不同香辛料的网络可视化图。结果表明,共检测到244种香气活性成分,其含量较高的主要成分为151种,包括烯烃类31种、醇类20种、酯类13种、酮类18种、醛类13种、酚类10种、含硫类11种、酸类9种、醚类6种、烷烃类7种和含氮类4种。芳樟醇和香兰素分别在28、25种淡香型香辛料中检出。香荚兰、枯茗、芒果和月桂叶中质量分数最高的分别为香兰素、4-异丙基苯甲醛、柠檬醛和4-异丙基苯甲醛;枫茅、月桂叶、豆蔻、甘牛至、草果、迷迭香、罗幌子和藏红花中醇类化合物的质量分数较高,分别为香叶醇、α-松油醇、桉叶油醇、芳樟醇、反式-橙花叔醇、(–)-4-萜品醇、桉叶油醇、(1α,2α,5α)-2-甲基-5-(1-甲基乙基)-双环[3.1.0]己-2-醇;刺柏、圆叶当归、姜黄、甘草、迷迭香、调料九里香和菖蒲中的烯烃类化合物质量分数最高,分别为茴香脑、大根香叶烯、α-姜黄烯、反-菖蒲烯、β-瑟林烯、洋芹脑和茴香脑;蒙百里香、葫芦巴、罗幌子中主要的酚类化合物为丁香酚;刺山柑、欧芹中主要的酯类化合物为乙酸松油酯;芒果、香椿中的含硫类物质种类和含量最高,分别为3-甲硫基丙醛和1-甲基乙基丙基二硫;芝麻主要以2,6-二甲基吡嗪和4-烯丙基苯甲醚为主;石榴和山奈的主要香气活性成分为茴香脑;杨桃的主要香气活性成分为水杨酸甲酯。29种淡香型香辛料分为4大类,其中香椿的介中心度最高,表明其在淡香型香辛料网络中起着核心桥梁作用。

基于顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱和顶空-气相色谱-离子迁移谱技术结合化学计量法分析芜菁冻干片挥发性成分

为探究不同品种芜菁冻干片中挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的差异,采用顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)和顶空-气相色谱-离子迁移谱(headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,HS-GC-IMS)对紫色、黄色和白色3种芜菁冻干片的VOCs进行分析,并结合主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和偏最小二乘判别法(partial least squares-discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)等化学计量法探究不同品种芜菁冻干片挥发性成分的差异。结果表明,通过HS-SPME-GC-MS共解析出96种VOCs,包括醛类、醇类、酮类、含硫化合物、酯类、酸类等化合物,其中含硫化合物和酯类为芜菁冻干片中相对含量最高的化合物种类;HS-GC-IMS共解析出94种VOCs,包括醛类、酯类、酮类及含硫化合物等挥发性成分。HS-SPME-GC-MS和HS-GC-IMS检出的挥发性物质种类和含量存在差异,共有VOCs有15种,二者结果互为补充,结合使用可以较全面系统地表征芜菁冻干片的挥发性成分。PCA和PLS-DA结果表明,2种方法均能够有效区分3种芜菁冻干片。通过变量投影重要度分别筛选了59种和23种差异VOCs,该结果可为芜菁冻干片VOCs的差异分析提供参考方法。

基于全自动在线顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定生活饮用水中4种氯酚

建立了全自动在线顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析法同时测定生活饮用水中2-氯酚、2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚和五氯酚.通过单因素实验设计考察了萃取纤维、萃取温度、萃取时间、加盐量、加酸量、消毒剂余量等对萃取效果的影响.优化后的顶空固相微萃取条件为:取10 mL水样于20 mL顶空瓶中,加入3.6 g NaCl、0.1 mL 1 mol·L^(−1)盐酸溶液,使用65μm DVB/PDMS纤维头,萃取温度60℃,萃取时间60 min,振摇速率450 r·min^(−1),解吸时间5 min,解吸温度280℃.4种氯酚浓度-响应线性关系良好,相关系数r均大于0.9994,方法检出限为0.015—0.060μg·L^(−1),方法定量限为0.050—0.20μg·L^(−1),平均回收率为90.4%—115%,相对标准偏差为0.47%—6.91%.该方法具有准确、便捷、灵敏度高等优点,适用于生活饮用水中多种氯酚的同时测定.

离子色谱技术研究进展

离子色谱技术作为分析无机离子的首选方法,还可实现小分子极性化合物、氨基酸、糖类等生物样品的分析。近年来,离子色谱技术快速发展,广泛应用在环境监测、食品分析、生物医药、农业、地质等多个领域。针对离子色谱技术的综述多是探讨离子色谱技术在环境、烟草、药品、食品等领域的应用进展,而关注离子色谱技术发展动态的研究报道相对较少。专利文献蕴含科技文献未曾报道的技术研发信息,对于归纳总结前沿技术走向具有重要意义。基于全球范围内离子色谱相关技术专利数据,从淋洗液发生装置、色谱柱固定相、离子色谱抑制器、检测器等方面综述离子色谱分析技术的研究进展,旨为国内离子色谱技术创新发展提供参考与依据。研究表明,全球离子色谱技术研究发展迅速,核心技术及基础研究主要分布在美国和日本,超高压淋洗液发生器、优化供电方式的自动再生电解抑制器及温控稳定的检测器是离子色谱领域新近研究方向,围绕固定相的研究侧重于提高离子交换容量,提高分析速度,改善离子色谱柱效、选择性与亲水性等方面性能。

活性炭净化-离子色谱法测定茶水及茶饮料中氟含量及其健康风险评估

目的建立分析纯活性炭净化-离子色谱法检测茶水及茶饮料中氟离子含量的方法,进而研究茶水及茶饮料对人体健康风险。方法将6种茶叶分别以两种方式冲泡进行实验,方式一:按时间梯度冲泡茶叶;方式二:一次投茶,多次加水冲泡茶叶,收集茶水。茶水及茶饮料,经活性炭净化,0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤,以4.5 mmol/L碳酸钠和0.8 mmol/L碳酸氢钠溶液为淋洗液,经AS23离子色谱柱(4.0 mm×250 mm)分离,离子色谱进行检测。以冲泡方式一获得的最高茶氟溶出量,冲泡方式二获得的总茶氟溶出量以及茶饮料中氟含量分别进行健康风险评估。结果在最佳分析条件下,本法氟离子的检出限为0.016 mg/L;在0.1~5.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数(r^(2))为0.9996;加标回收率94.93%~105.32%;相对标准偏差1.02%~2.13%(n=6)。本方法检测茶叶中氟离子的溶出量,发现茶叶中氟离子的溶出量均随冲泡时间的延长不断增加达到最高值;随冲泡次数的增加,茶叶中氟离子的溶出量先增加,之后下降的趋势逐渐变缓。前2次冲泡氟离子溶出率可达茶氟总溶出量的65%以上。结论该方法灵敏度高,准确性好,操作简单,具有实用价值。以该法检测6种茶叶在两种冲泡方式下获得的茶氟日摄入量以及茶饮料中茶氟日摄入量均符合我国和世界卫生组织推荐的氟日摄入量限值要求;目标危险因素(target hazard quotient,THQ)均小于1,对人体没有显著健康风险。建议减少茶叶浸泡时间,洗茶,选用优质茶叶来科学健康饮茶。

基于非靶代谢组学探究食管鳞状细胞癌津血亏虚证患者的代谢特征

背景津血亏虚是中晚期食管癌患者的主要临床表现,但目前关于食管鳞状细胞癌津血亏虚证代谢组学特征的研究报道较少见。目的探究食管鳞状细胞癌津血亏虚证患者的代谢组学特征。方法选择2022年4—12月就诊于河北医科大学第四医院中医科、胸外科的食管鳞状细胞癌津血亏虚证患者35例作为病例组,招募同时期健康志愿者35例作为对照组。收集两组受试者血清标本,通过超高效液相色谱质谱技术分析其代谢组学特征,筛选差异代谢物及差异代谢通路。结果筛选出具有物质二级匹配名称的差异代谢物88种,具有显著性差异的关键代谢通路5条(β-丙氨酸代谢通路,鞘脂代谢通路,亚油酸代谢通路,甘氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸代谢通路,花生四烯酸代谢通路)及其代谢物11种(表达下调代谢物:β-丙氨酸,磷脂酰胆碱,L-高丝氨酸,L-别苏氨酸;表达升高代谢物:肌肽,亚油酸,9,10-二羟基八氢-1-氧杂-4-氮杂苯并环庚烯,羟基丙酮酸,花生四烯酸,肝素B3,血栓素B2)。结论食管鳞状细胞癌津血亏虚证患者存在具有显著性差异的代谢通路及其代谢物,主要涉及氨基酸、脂肪酸等能量代谢异常。

离子色谱-质谱联用法测定枸橼酸西地那非中N-甲基哌嗪残留

建立了枸橼酸西地那非原料药中N-甲基哌嗪残留的离子色谱-质谱联用分析方法。样品中N-甲基哌嗪采用流动相超声提取,样品溶液经Cleanert IC-RP固相萃取小柱净化后,进行离子色谱-质谱分析。N-甲基哌嗪采用加热电喷雾离子源,正离子和选择离子模式下检测,外标法定量。结果表明,N-甲基哌嗪在1.0~100μg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,相关系数(r^(2))为0.9994。方法检出限为0.30μg/g,定量下限为1.0μg/g。4个加标水平的回收率为88.6%~103%,相对标准偏差为0.62%~4.9%。该方法灵敏度高、快速准确,适用于枸橼酸西地那非原料药中N-甲基哌嗪残留的测定和确证。