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Measurement methods and analysis tools for rail irregularities:a case study for urban tram track 被引量:3
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作者 Laura Chiacchiari Giuseppe Loprencipe 《Journal of Modern Transportation》 2015年第2期137-147,共11页
Rail irregularities, in particular for urban rail- way infrastructures, are one of the main causes for the generation of noise and vibrations. In addition, repetitive loading may also lead to decay of the structural e... Rail irregularities, in particular for urban rail- way infrastructures, are one of the main causes for the generation of noise and vibrations. In addition, repetitive loading may also lead to decay of the structural elements of the rolling stock. This further causes an increase in main- tenance costs and reduction of service life. Monitoring these defects on a periodic basis enables the network rail managers to apply proactive measures to limit further damage. This paper discusses the measurement methods for rail corrugation with particular regard to the analysis tools for evaluating the thresholds of acceptability in re- lation to the tramway Italian transport system. Further- more, a method of analysis has been proposed: an application of the methodology used for treating road profiles has been also utilized for the data processing of rail profilometric data. 展开更多
关键词 Rail corrugation Noise disturbance measurement methods Continuous measurement Dataprocessing algorithm Wavebands filtering
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Study on Measurement Methods of Multi-Directional Waves—Wave Gauge Array Method 被引量:5
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作者 Yu Yuxiu Liu Shuxue Prof. Department of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian Assistant Researcher, Department of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI 1992年第2期233-242,共10页
Measuring multi-directional waves with the wave gauge array is one of the fundamental and easily realised methods. In this paper, the wave gauge array is described and the effects of the gauge spacing, the array orien... Measuring multi-directional waves with the wave gauge array is one of the fundamental and easily realised methods. In this paper, the wave gauge array is described and the effects of the gauge spacing, the array orientations, etc. of the three array arrangements, i. e., linear array, T-type array and pentagon array, on the resolution of the directional spreading of waves, are investigated experimentally. This study can be used as a reference in the experimental study and the field measurement of directional waves. 展开更多
关键词 multi-directional waves measurement method directional spectrum wave gauge array
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Three Measurement Methods of Two-photon Absorption Cross-section
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作者 LI De-sheng DAI Qin +1 位作者 MA Yu-guang WANG Xi-jun 《Semiconductor Photonics and Technology》 CAS 2006年第4期276-279,共4页
Through the experimental design and theoretical analysis, three technologies used for characterizing the two-photon absorption(TPA) properties, such as nonlinear transmission experiment and theory, Z-scan technology a... Through the experimental design and theoretical analysis, three technologies used for characterizing the two-photon absorption(TPA) properties, such as nonlinear transmission experiment and theory, Z-scan technology and two-photon induced fluorescence method, are introduced. The properties of the three experiments to be utilizable and realizable under desirable limitation are simply analyzed. The advantages of the measurements for TPA characterization are also analyzed. 展开更多
关键词 TPA TPA cross-section measurement method FLUORESCENCE
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A review of measurement methods for peracetic acid (PAA) 被引量:3
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作者 Chen Cheng Haodong Li +2 位作者 Jinling Wang Hualin Wang Xuejing Yang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2020年第5期127-136,共10页
Peroxyacetic acid has been widely used in food,medical,and synthetic chemical fields for the past several decades.Recently,peroxyacetic acid has gradually become an effective alternative disinfectant in wastewater dis... Peroxyacetic acid has been widely used in food,medical,and synthetic chemical fields for the past several decades.Recently,peroxyacetic acid has gradually become an effective alternative disinfectant in wastewater disinfection and has strong redox capacity for removing micro-pollutants from drinking water.However,commercial peroxyacetic acid solutions are primarily multi-component mixtures of peroxyacetic acid,acetic acid,hydrogen peroxide,and water.During the process of water treatment,peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)often coexist,which limits further investigation on the properties ofperoxyacetic acid.Therefore,analytical methods need to achieve a certain level of selectivity,particularly when peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide coexist.This review summarizes the measurement and detection methods of peroxyacetic acid,comparing the principle,adaptability,and relative merits of these methods. 展开更多
关键词 Peroxyacetic acid measurement methods TITRATION COLORIMETRIC CHROMATOGRAPHY NMR
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Automated pavement horizontal curve measurement methods based on inertial measurement unit and 3D profiling data 被引量:8
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作者 Wenting Luo Lin Li Kelvin C.P.Wang 《Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition)》 2016年第2期137-145,共9页
Pavement horizontal curve is designed to serve as a transition between straight segments, and its presence may cause a series of driving-related safety issues to motorists and drivers. As is recognized that traditiona... Pavement horizontal curve is designed to serve as a transition between straight segments, and its presence may cause a series of driving-related safety issues to motorists and drivers. As is recognized that traditional methods for curve geometry investigation are time consuming, labor intensive, and inaccurate, this study attempts to develop a method that can automatically conduct horizontal curve identification and measurement at network level. The digital highway data vehicle (DHDV) was utilized for data collection, in which three Euler angles, driving speed, and acceleration of survey vehicle were measured with an inertial measurement unit (IMU). The 3D profiling data used for cross slope calibration was obtained with PaveVision3D Ultra technology at 1 mm resolution. In this study, the curve identification was based on the variation of heading angle, and the curve radius was calculated with ki- nematic method, geometry method, and lateral acceleration method. In order to verify the accuracy of the three methods, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was applied by using the control variable of curve radius measured by field test. Based on the measured curve radius, a curve safety analysis model was used to predict the crash rates and safe driving speeds at horizontal curves. Finally, a case study on 4.35 km road segment demonstrated that the proposed method could efficiently conduct network level analysis. 展开更多
关键词 Horizontal curve Inertial measurement unit (IMU) Curve radius Kinematic method Geometry method Lateral acceleration method ANOVA test Curve safety analysis
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Greenhouse gas emission analysis and measurement for urban rail transit: A review of research progress and prospects 被引量:3
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作者 Zhenzhou Yuan Xiaojing Yuan +4 位作者 Yang Yang Jinjie Chen Yingjie Nie Meng Cao Long Chen 《Digital Transportation and Safety》 2023年第1期36-51,共16页
Rail transit plays a key role in mitigating transportation system carbon emissions.Accurate measurement of urban rail transit carbon emission can help quantify the contribution of urban rail transit towards urban tran... Rail transit plays a key role in mitigating transportation system carbon emissions.Accurate measurement of urban rail transit carbon emission can help quantify the contribution of urban rail transit towards urban transportation carbon emission reduction.Since the whole life cycle of urban rail transit carbon emission measurement involves a wide range of aspects,a systematic framework model is required for analysis.This research reviews the existing studies on carbon emission of urban rail transit.First,the characteristics of urban rail transit carbon emission were determined and the complexity of carbon emission measurement was analyzed.Then,the urban rail transit carbon emission measurement models were compared and analyzed in terms of the selection of research boundaries,the types of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions calculation,and the accuracy of the measurement.Following that,an intelligent station was introduced to analyze the practical application of digital collaboration technology and energy-saving and carbon-reducing system platforms for rail transit.Finally,the urgent problems and future research directions at this stage were discussed.This research presents the necessity of establishing a dynamic carbon emission factor library and the important development trend of system integration of carbon emission measurement and digital system technology. 展开更多
关键词 Urban rail transit Life cycle assessment(LCA) Greenhouse gas emission Digital collaboration technology Carbon emission factors Climate change measurement method
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Express Methods for Measurement of Electroconductivity of Semiconductor Layered Crystal
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作者 FILIPPOV V. V. VLASOV A. N. 《Chinese Physics Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第11期114-117,共4页
We describe theoretically the grounded method of measuring the conductivity of anisotropic layered semiconductor materials. The suggested method implies the use of a four-probe testing device with a linear arrangement... We describe theoretically the grounded method of measuring the conductivity of anisotropic layered semiconductor materials. The suggested method implies the use of a four-probe testing device with a linear arrangement of probes. The final expressions for identifying the electrical conductivity are presented in the form of a series of analytic functions. The suggested method is experimentally verified, and practical recommendations of how to apply it are also provided. 展开更多
关键词 Express methods for measurement of Electroconductivity of Semiconductor Layered Crystal
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Magnetic field regression using artificial neural networks for cold atom experiments
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作者 陈子霆 黃建陶 +6 位作者 Bojeong Seo 黄明琛 Mithilesh K.Parit 何逸飞 甄浩廷 Jensen Li Gyu-Boong Jo 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期46-51,共6页
Accurately measuring magnetic fields is essential for magnetic-field sensitive experiments in areas like atomic,molecular,and optical physics,condensed matter experiments,and other areas.However,since many experiments... Accurately measuring magnetic fields is essential for magnetic-field sensitive experiments in areas like atomic,molecular,and optical physics,condensed matter experiments,and other areas.However,since many experiments are often conducted in an isolated environment that is inaccessible to experimentalists,it can be challenging to accurately determine the magnetic field at the target location.Here,we propose an efficient method for detecting magnetic fields with the assistance of an artificial neural network(NN).Instead of measuring the magnetic field directly at the desired location,we detect fields at several surrounding positions,and a trained NN can accurately predict the magnetic field at the target location.After training,we achieve a below 0.3%relative prediction error of magnetic field magnitude at the center of the vacuum chamber,and successfully apply this method to our erbium quantum gas apparatus for accurate calibration of magnetic field and long-term monitoring of environmental stray magnetic field.The demonstrated approach significantly simplifies the process of determining magnetic fields in isolated environments and can be applied to various research fields across a wide range of magnetic field magnitudes. 展开更多
关键词 ultracold gases trapped gases measurement methods and instrumentation
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Drilling-based measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock and its field application 被引量:3
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作者 Bei Jiang Fenglin Ma +5 位作者 Qi Wang Hongke Gao Dahu Zhai Yusong Deng Chuanjie Xu Liangdi Yao 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期65-76,共12页
The technology of drilling tests makes it possible to obtain the strength parameter of rock accurately in situ. In this paper, a new rock cutting analysis model that considers the influence of the rock crushing zone(R... The technology of drilling tests makes it possible to obtain the strength parameter of rock accurately in situ. In this paper, a new rock cutting analysis model that considers the influence of the rock crushing zone(RCZ) is built. The formula for an ultimate cutting force is established based on the limit equilibrium principle. The relationship between digital drilling parameters(DDP) and the c-φ parameter(DDP-cφ formula, where c refers to the cohesion and φ refers to the internal friction angle) is derived, and the response of drilling parameters and cutting ratio to the strength parameters is analyzed. The drillingbased measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock is constructed. The laboratory verification test is then completed, and the difference in results between the drilling test and the compression test is less than 6%. On this basis, in-situ rock drilling tests in a traffic tunnel and a coal mine roadway are carried out, and the strength parameters of the surrounding rock are effectively tested. The average difference ratio of the results is less than 11%, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method for obtaining the strength parameters based on digital drilling. This study provides methodological support for field testing of rock strength parameters. 展开更多
关键词 Digital drilling Rock crushing zone c-u parameter measurement method Field application
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Measurement of Mechanical Properties of Carbon, New Devices
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作者 Witold Biaty 《Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering》 2017年第1期15-23,共9页
Proper selection of machines and equipment used in underground coal mining significantly influence the increase of their durability and reliability. The paper describes new, created in Poland devices to determine and ... Proper selection of machines and equipment used in underground coal mining significantly influence the increase of their durability and reliability. The paper describes new, created in Poland devices to determine and evaluate the mechanical properties of the carbon (workability) whose co-founder is the author of this paper. These devices reflect the nature of the work of a plough and drum cutter-loader. It is presented their construction, operating principles as well as innovation and originality of used solutions. The devices are certified by enabling them to work in conditions of real mines, as a device intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres. These devices have been awarded medals and diplomas at many International Fairs and Technological Innovation Exhibitions. 展开更多
关键词 WORKABILITY measurement measurement methods experimental research.
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A New Method for Measurement of Local Solid Flux in Gas-Solid Two-phase Flow 被引量:8
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作者 鄂承林 卢春喜 +2 位作者 徐春明 高金森 时铭显 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2003年第6期617-621,共5页
Previous works have shown that the suction probe cannot be used to accurately measure the upward and downward particle fluxes independently. A new method using a single optical probe to measure the local solid flux is... Previous works have shown that the suction probe cannot be used to accurately measure the upward and downward particle fluxes independently. A new method using a single optical probe to measure the local solid flux is presented. The measurement of upward, downward and net solid fluxes was carried out in a cold model circulating fluidized bed (CFB) unit. The result shows that the profile of the net solid flux is in good agreement with the previous experimental data measured with a suction probe. The comparison between the average solid flux determined with the optical measuring system and the external solid flux was made, and the maximum deviationturned out to be 22%, with the average error being about 6.9%. These confirm that the optical fiber system can be successfully used to measure the upward, downward and net solid fluxes simultaneously by correctly processing the sampling signals obtained from the optical measuring system. 展开更多
关键词 fluidized bed measuring method optical fiber probe local solid flux
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A review of welding residual stress test methods 被引量:8
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作者 Gan Shiming Liu Huaying +1 位作者 Zhai Zhiping Han Yongquan 《China Welding》 CAS 2022年第2期45-55,共11页
Due to local uneven heating during the welding process,the residual stress of the structure after welding affects the reliability of it.In order to ensure the reliability,it is of great significance to test the residu... Due to local uneven heating during the welding process,the residual stress of the structure after welding affects the reliability of it.In order to ensure the reliability,it is of great significance to test the residual stress distribution of the welded joint.It has always been the focus to find a simple and feasible method for residual stress testing to quickly and accurately obtain the residual stress distribution of welded joints.The mechanical measurement method has high measurement accuracy,convenient and easy operation,but it will cause certain damage to the components.Physical measurement method can avoid damage to components,but its test cost is usually high,and its measurement accuracy can also be affected by the material microstructure characteristics of welded components.Based on the advantages and disadvantages of these two residual stress test methods,a modal test method is proposed.This method is a non-destructive measurement method.Based on the mathematical relationship between the residual stress of the welded structure and the natural frequency(mathematical model),the natural frequency is measured through the modal test to calculate the residual stress quickly.However,it is difficult to establish a mathematical model with this method,and it is not suitable for realization. 展开更多
关键词 welding residual stress mechanical measurement method physical measurement method modal test method
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Simultaneous estimation of aerosol optical constants and size distribution from angular light-scattering measurement signals 被引量:3
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作者 Zhen-Zong He Dong Liang +1 位作者 Jun-Kui Mao Xing-Si Han 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第5期564-572,共9页
The angular light-scattering measurement(ALSM) method combined with an improved artificial bee colony algorithm is introduced to determine aerosol optical constants and aerosol size distribution(ASD) simultaneousl... The angular light-scattering measurement(ALSM) method combined with an improved artificial bee colony algorithm is introduced to determine aerosol optical constants and aerosol size distribution(ASD) simultaneously. Meanwhile, an optimized selection principle of the ALSM signals based on the sensitivity analysis and principle component analysis(PCA)is proposed to improve the accuracy of the retrieval results. The sensitivity analysis of the ALSM signals to the optical constants or characteristic parameters in the ASD is studied first to find the optimized selection region of measurement angles. Then, the PCA is adopted to select the optimized measurement angles within the optimized selection region obtained by sensitivity analysis. The investigation reveals that, compared with random selection measurement angles, the optimized selection measurement angles can provide more useful measurement information to ensure the retrieval accuracy. Finally,the aerosol optical constants and the ASDs are reconstructed simultaneously. The results show that the retrieval accuracy of refractive indices is better than that of absorption indices, while the characteristic parameters in ASDs have similar retrieval accuracy. Moreover, the retrieval accuracy in studying L-N distribution is a little better than that in studying Gamma distribution for the difference of corresponding correlation coefficient matrixes of the ALSM signals. All the results confirm that the proposed technique is an effective and reliable technique in estimating the aerosol optical constants and ASD simultaneously. 展开更多
关键词 angular light-scattering measurement method aerosol optical constants aerosol size distribution inverse radiation problem
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Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation of Conicity Error Inspected on CMM 被引量:11
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作者 WANG Dongxia SONG Aiguo +2 位作者 WEN Xiulan XU Youxiong QIAO Guifang 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第1期212-218,共7页
The cone is widely used in mechanical design for rotation, centering and fixing. Whether the conicity error can be measured and evaluated accurately will directly influence its assembly accuracy and working performanc... The cone is widely used in mechanical design for rotation, centering and fixing. Whether the conicity error can be measured and evaluated accurately will directly influence its assembly accuracy and working performance. According to the new generation geometrical product specification(GPS), the error and its measurement uncertainty should be evaluated together. The mathematical model of the minimum zone conicity error is established and an improved immune evolutionary algorithm(IlEA) is proposed to search for the conicity error. In the IIEA, initial antibodies are firstly generated by using quasi-random sequences and two kinds of affinities are calculated. Then, each antibody clone is generated and they are self-adaptively mutated so as to maintain diversity. Similar antibody is suppressed and new random antibody is generated. Because the mathematical model of conicity error is strongly nonlinear and the input quantities are not independent, it is difficult to use Guide to the expression of uncertainty in the measurement(GUM) method to evaluate measurement uncertainty. Adaptive Monte Carlo method(AMCM) is proposed to estimate measurement uncertainty in which the number of Monte Carlo trials is selected adaptively and the quality of the numerical results is directly controlled. The cone parts was machined on lathe CK6140 and measured on Miracle NC 454 Coordinate Measuring Machine(CMM). The experiment results confirm that the proposed method not only can search for the approximate solution of the minimum zone conicity error(MZCE) rapidly and precisely, but also can evaluate measurement uncertainty and give control variables with an expected numerical tolerance. The conicity errors computed by the proposed method are 20%-40% less than those computed by NC454 CMM software and the evaluation accuracy improves significantly. 展开更多
关键词 minimum zone conicity error improved immune evolutionary algorithm measurement uncertainty adaptive Monte Carlo method
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An overview on observational instruments and measuring methods for dewfall 被引量:1
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作者 Qiang Zhang XiaoCui Hao +2 位作者 XiaoMei Wen Sheng Wang Jian Zeng 《Research in Cold and Arid Regions》 2011年第1期78-85,共8页
This paper systematically summarizes previous measuring methods and observational instruments for the magnitude of dewfall on land surface, analyzes the characteristics of common observational instruments for land sur... This paper systematically summarizes previous measuring methods and observational instruments for the magnitude of dewfall on land surface, analyzes the characteristics of common observational instruments for land surface dewfall, and describes several basic dewfall measurement methods. Moreover, the basic principles of these methods and instruments are interpreted, and their advantages, disadvantages, and applicability are analyzed. Recommendations for the further improvement of these observational instruments and the development of dewfall measuring methods are presented, and new technologies and scientific proposals for exploiting dewfall are elucidated. 展开更多
关键词 dewfall measuring methods observational instrument exploitation and utilization technology
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In Situ Measurement of the Undisturbed Ground Temperature for Ground Source Heat Pump System 被引量:1
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作者 周亚素 《Journal of Donghua University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2008年第1期73-77,共5页
The undisturbed ground temperatures are important for design of the ground heat exchangers in ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems. In this paper, the undisturbed ground temperatures measured in two different me... The undisturbed ground temperatures are important for design of the ground heat exchangers in ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems. In this paper, the undisturbed ground temperatures measured in two different methods are presented. The investigation was carried out in two cases. The temperature measured with the direct method is assumed to give the correct undisturbed ground temperature profile. The temperature measured with indirect method overestimates the undisturbed ground temperature by 2.1℃ and 1.7~C. This difference is mainly caused by the circulation pump and ambient air to the fluid. Therefore, the results that are decreased about 2℃ as compared with the indirect measured are recommended to estimate the undisturbed ground temperature in situ measuring. A smaller pump or deeper borehole or mild weather would result in a more correct temperature. Because the undisturbed ground temperature is affected by many factors. Whether or not these conclusions are correct to other areas, this would need further investigation. 展开更多
关键词 in situ measurement the undisturbed ground temperature indirect measurement method
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Real time remaining useful life prediction based on nonlinear Wiener based degradation processes with measurement errors 被引量:22
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作者 唐圣金 郭晓松 +3 位作者 于传强 周志杰 周召发 张邦成 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2014年第12期4509-4517,共9页
Real time remaining useful life(RUL) prediction based on condition monitoring is an essential part in condition based maintenance(CBM). In the current methods about the real time RUL prediction of the nonlinear degrad... Real time remaining useful life(RUL) prediction based on condition monitoring is an essential part in condition based maintenance(CBM). In the current methods about the real time RUL prediction of the nonlinear degradation process, the measurement error is not considered and forecasting uncertainty is large. Therefore, an approximate analytical RUL distribution in a closed-form of a nonlinear Wiener based degradation process with measurement errors was proposed. The maximum likelihood estimation approach was used to estimate the unknown fixed parameters in the proposed model. When the newly observed data are available, the random parameter is updated by the Bayesian method to make the estimation adapt to the item's individual characteristic and reduce the uncertainty of the estimation. The simulation results show that considering measurement errors in the degradation process can significantly improve the accuracy of real time RUL prediction. 展开更多
关键词 remaining useful life Wiener based degradation process measurement error nonlinear maximum likelihood estimation Bayesian method
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Measurement Method of the Thickness Uniformity for Polymer Films 被引量:1
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作者 YANGHong-liang RENQuan FANYun-zheng 《Semiconductor Photonics and Technology》 CAS 2003年第2期128-132,共5页
Several methods for investigating the thickness uniformity of polymer thin films are presented as well as their measurement principles. A comparison of these experimental methods is given.The cylindrical lightwave ref... Several methods for investigating the thickness uniformity of polymer thin films are presented as well as their measurement principles. A comparison of these experimental methods is given.The cylindrical lightwave reflection method is found to can obtain the thickness distribution along a certain direction.It is a simple and suitable method to evaluate the film thickness uniformity. 展开更多
关键词 Polymer complex thin films Thickness uniformity measurement method
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Calorimetric power measurements in the EAST ECRH system 被引量:2
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作者 Weiye XU Handong XU +3 位作者 Fukun LIU Jian WANG Xiaojie WANG Yongzhong HOU 《Plasma Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第10期91-102,共12页
In this paper, the measurement method of calorimetric power for an electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH) system for EAST is presented. This method requires measurements of the water flow through the cooling cir... In this paper, the measurement method of calorimetric power for an electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH) system for EAST is presented. This method requires measurements of the water flow through the cooling circuits and the input and output water temperatures in each cooling circuit. Usually, the inlet water temperature stability is controlled to obtain more accurate results.The influence of the inlet water temperature change on the measurement results is analyzed for the first time in this paper. Also, a novel temperature calibration method is proposed. This kind of calibration method is accurate and effective, and can be easily implemented. 展开更多
关键词 power measurement calorimetric method data acquisition EAST tokamak ECRH
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Measurement factors of pollutants inside vehicle 被引量:1
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作者 DENG Da-yue CHEN Shuang-ji 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering》 2008年第1期41-45,共5页
The air quality inside vehicle is concerned widely in the world. The pollution inside vehicle is special serious in China. State Environmental Protection Administration of China is formulating the standard of air qual... The air quality inside vehicle is concerned widely in the world. The pollution inside vehicle is special serious in China. State Environmental Protection Administration of China is formulating the standard of air quality inside vehicle. However the measurement relates to many factors. Because of the small space, temperature easy changed, various ventilation modes, being close to pollution source of engine exhaust, there are differences between in-vehicle and indoor measurement. The influence of measuring factors was investigated. Those factors include temperature, preconditioning time, ventilation modes, engine state, and sampling fashion. The measuring mode and relating factors were discussed. The suggestion was offered. 展开更多
关键词 air quality inside vehicle measurement method
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