Comparative Analysis of the Factors Influencing Metro Passenger Arrival Volumes in Wuhan, China, and Lagos, Nigeria: An Application of Association Rule Mining and Neural Network Models

This study explores the factors influencing metro passengers’ arrival volume in Wuhan, China, and Lagos, Nigeria, by examining weather, time of day, waiting time, travel behavior, arrival patterns, and metro satisfaction. It addresses a significant research gap in understanding metro passengers’ dynamics across cultural and geographical contexts. It employs questionnaires, field observations, and advanced data analysis techniques like association rule mining and neural network modeling. Key findings include a correlation between rainy weather, shorter waiting times, and higher arrival volumes. Neural network models showed high predictive accuracy, with waiting time, metro satisfaction, and weather being significant factors in Lagos Light Rail Blue Line Metro. In contrast, arrival patterns, weather, and time of day were more influential in Wuhan Metro Line 5. Results suggest that improving metro satisfaction and reducing waiting times could increase arrival volumes in Lagos Metro while adjusting schedules for weather and peak times could optimize flow in Wuhan Metro. These insights are valuable for transportation planning, passenger arrival volume management, and enhancing user experiences, potentially benefiting urban transportation sustainability and development goals.

Regenerative Braking Energy Recovery System of Metro Train Based on Dual-Mode Power Management

In order to fully utilize the regenerative braking energy of metro trains and stabilize the metro DC traction busbar voltage,a hybrid regenerative braking energy recovery system with a dual-mode power management strategy is proposed.Firstly,the construction of the hybrid regenerative braking energy recovery system is explained.Then,based on the power demand of low-voltage load in metro stations,a dual-mode power management strategy is proposed to allocate the reference power of each system according to the different working conditions,and the control methods of each system are set.Finally,the correctness and effectiveness of the dual-mode strategy are verified through simulation,and the proposed braking energy utilization scheme is compared with other singleform utilization schemes.The results illustrate that the hybrid system with the dual-mode strategy can effectively recycle the regenerative braking energy of metro train and inhibit the busbar voltage fluctuation;the proposed braking energy utilization scheme has certain advantages on energy recovery and DC bus voltage stabilization compared with other single-form schemes;the proposed power management strategy can correctly allocate the reference power of each system with a lower construction cost.

Mechanical responses of underground carriageway structures due to construction of metro tunnels beneath the existing structure:A case study

To understand the mechanical response pattern of the existing structure and ground due to the construction of metro tunnels underneath,the finite difference method is adopted to study the torsional deformation and stress variation of the existing structure and the effect of underground carriageway structures on the surface subsidence.The curves of the maximum differential subsidence,torsion angle,and distortion of the cross-section of the existing structure show two peaks in succession during traversing of two metro tunnels beneath it.The torsion angle of the existing structure changes when the two tunnels traverse beneath it in opposite directions.The first traversing of the shield tunnel mainly induces the magnitude variation in torsional deformation of the existing structure,but the second traversing of the subsurface tunnel may cause a dynamic change in the magnitude and form of torsional deformation in the existing structure.The shielding effect can reduce the surface subsidence caused by metro tunnel excavation to a certain extent,and the development trend of subsidence becomes slower as the excavation continues.

Comparative Analysis of Metro Passengers’Mobility Patterns and Jobs-housing Balance of Metropolitan

The advent of the big data era has provided many types of transportation datasets,such as metro smart card data,for studying residents’mobility and understanding how their mobility has been shaped and is shaping the urban space.In this paper,we use metro smart card data from two Chinese metropolises,Shanghai and Shenzhen.Five metro mobility indicators are introduced,and association rules are established to explore the mobility patterns.The proportion of people entering and exiting the station is used to measure the jobs-housing balance.It is found that the average travel distance and duration of Shanghai passengers are higher than those of Shenzhen,and the proportion of metro commuters in Shanghai is higher than that of Shenzhen.The jobs-housing spatial relationship in Shenzhen based on metro travel is more balanced than that in Shanghai.The fundamental reason for the differences between the two cities is the difference in urban morphology.Compared with the monocentric structure of Shanghai,the polycentric structure of Shenzhen results in more scattered travel hotspots and more diverse travel routes,which helps Shenzhen to have a better jobs-housing balance.This paper fills a gap in comparative research among Chinese cities based on transportation big data analysis.The results provide support for planning metro routes,adjusting urban structure and land use to form a more reasonable metro network,and balancing the jobs-housing spatial relationship.

Fatigue research of metro car body based on operational loads

Purpose–The principle of infinite life design currently directs fatigue resistance strategies for metro car bodies.However,this principle might not fully account for the dynamic influence of operational loads and the inevitable presence of defects.This study aims to integrate methods of service life estimation and residual life assessment,which are based on operational loads,into the existing infinite life verification framework to further ensure the operational safety of subway trains.Design/methodology/approach–Operational loads and fatigue loading spectra were determined through the field test.The material test was conducted to investigate characteristics of the fracture toughness and the crack growth rate.The fatigue strength of the metro car body was first verified using the finite element method and Moore–Kommers–Japer diagrams.The service life was then estimated by applying the Miner rule and high-cycle fatigue curves in a modified form of the Basquin equation.Finally,the residual life was assessed utilizing a fracture assessment diagram and a fitted curve of crack growth rate adhered to the Paris formula.Findings–Neither the maximum utilization factor nor the cumulative damage exceeds the threshold value of 1.0,the metro car body could meet the design life requirement of 30 years or 6.6 million km.However,three out of five fatigue key points were significantly influenced by the operational loads,which indicates that a single fatigue strength verification cannot achieve the infinite life design objective of the metro car body.For a projected design life of 30 years,the tolerance depth is 12.2 mm,which can underscore a relatively robust damage tolerance capability.Originality/value–The influence of operational loads on fatigue life was presented by the discrepancy analysis between fatigue strength verification results and service life estimation results.The fracture properties of butt-welded joints were tested and used for the damage tolerance assessment.The damage tolerance life can be effectively related by a newly developed equation in this study.It can be a valuable tool to provide the theoretical guidance and technical support for the structural improvements and maintenance decisions of the metro car body.

Research on passenger flow control at metro transfer stations based on real-time flow calculation of streamlines

Purpose – The volume of passenger traffic at metro transfer stations serves as a pivotal metric for theorchestration of crowd flow management. Given the intricacies of crowd dynamics within these stations andthe recurrent instances of substantial passenger influxes, a methodology predicated on stochastic processesand the principle of user equilibrium is introduced to facilitate real-time traffic flow estimation within transferstation streamlines.Design/methodology/approach – The synthesis of stochastic process theory with streamline analysisengenders a probabilistic model of intra-station pedestrian traffic dynamics. Leveraging real-time passengerflow data procured from monitoring systems within the transfer station, a gradient descent optimizationtechnique is employed to minimize the cost function, thereby deducing the dynamic distribution of categorizedpassenger flows. Subsequently, adhering to the tenets of user equilibrium, the Frank–Wolfe algorithm isimplemented to allocate the intra-station categorized passenger flows across various streamlines, ascertainingthe traffic volume for each.Findings – Utilizing the Xiaozhai Station of the Xi’an Metro as a case study, the Anylogic simulation softwareis engaged to emulate the intra-station crowd dynamics, thereby substantiating the efficacy of the proposedpassenger flow estimation model. The derived solutions are instrumental in formulating a crowd controlstrategy for Xiaozhai Station during the peak interval from 17:30 to 18:00 on a designated day, yielding crowdmanagement interventions that offer insights for the orchestration of passenger flow and operationalgovernance within metro stations.Originality/value – The construction of an estimation methodology for the real-time streamline traffic flowaugments the model’s dataset, supplanting estimated values derived from surveys or historical datasets withreal-time computed traffic data, thereby enhancing the precision and immediacy of crowd flow managementwithin metro stations.

地铁大语言模型垂直问答系统MetroGPT

为解决城市轨道交通大系统中各个运行层级间不协调与信息资源浪费的问题,以地铁系统为原型,分析地铁大系统的运作机制,设计易于实现的地铁大模型问答系统(MetroGPT)。MetroGPT是基于大语言模型(LLM)构建的地铁大语言模型垂直问答系统,以LangChain为设计框架,针对特定场景定制不同的AI智能体完成特定任务。基于现有的6种大语言模型制作垂域智能体,使用改进的德尔菲法设计评估流程,通过德尔菲法的评分结果选出与地铁某类垂域知识最为匹配的大语言模型引擎。研究结果表明:MetroGPT提供1种解决地铁运行系统中层级信息闭塞、交流不充分的方法,为运营方、乘客、服务人员提供1个三方交流平台,在不同条件下针对需求制定合乎规范与实际的解决方案。通过分析现有技术和挑战,提出1种结合知识图谱和大语言模型的问答系统设计方案,并讨论其在地铁运营中的具体应用场景和潜在价值。

G.metro技术及其在5G移动前传网络中的应用

介绍了G.metro标准、特性以及关键技术,分析了G.metro技术在5G移动前传网络中的应用及优势。

华为Metro 1000在光纤通信课程中的应用

近年来随着高速数据传输的需求猛增,光传输网作为主干传输网的核心得到了快速发展,而SDH传输设备在光传输网中获得了广泛的应用;华为作为世界第二大通信设备制造商,其SDH设备在市场上占有最大份额;将华为SDH传输设备Metro 1000应用于光纤通信课程实验中不仅巩固了课堂所学的理论知识,更提高了学生的实际操作和设计能力,收到了较好的实验效果。

基于Metro平台的LBS扩展应用

在移动互联网飞速发展的今天,传统旅游服务已经越来越不适应当前信息化旅游服务环境,对此需对现有的旅游资源进行充分整合,形成一种游客可以自由选择的平台,同时充分利用现代信息科技,发挥电子商务、旅游网站的作用,打破以往单一的经营模式,提供功能相当、具有更高诚信度的服务。提出基于微软Metro平台并结合LBS技术的现代化旅游信息服务系统,以适应当前信息化旅游服务环境。

基于GIS的合肥市BRT和Metro交通可达性研究

评价了合肥市中心城区的BRT和在建Metro线路对可达性的影响。基于GIS网络分析模拟复杂的多模式交通网络,应用修正潜能模型指标度量了居民区与CBD、与商业金融中心、与行政中心以及与工业区的可达性,对比有无BRT和Metro两种情景下的可达性变化。研究结果表明:在有BRT和Metro时,居民区至CBD的可达性均值变化幅度为45.8%,出行时间从65.5min减至35.5min;居民区至商业金融中心的可达性均值变化幅度为45.7%,时间从74.8min减至40.6min;居民区至行政中心的可达性均值变化幅度为18.9%,时间从104.7min减至84.9min;居民区至工业区的可达性均值变化幅度为37.4%,时间从92.1min减至57.7min。BRT和Metro线路显著地节省了居民出行时间,改善了城市边缘区域的交通可达性,其中经开区的可达性变化幅度最高,其次是滨湖新区、高新区和东区、老城区、南区、西区和北区。

Analysis of the Development of the Commercial Space Around Metro Stations in Urban Core Areas Based on Place Making: A Case Study of Chunxi Road Metro Station in Chengdu

The metro is the most efficient and convenient public transport system in modern cities. For urban core areas in China, in which the metro was built later, there was more consideration for meeting the traffic needs of cities. However, there are few studies of collaborative planning for metro stations and their surrounding space. Thus, there is an urgent need to conduct research on collaborative planning for metro stations and their surrounding commercial space in urban core areas. Unlike conventional methods of integrated design of stations and cities, this paper, based on the theory of place spirit, took Chunxi Road Metro Station in Chengdu and its surrounding commercial space for example. It explored the pattern and characteristics of the place in the commercial space around the metro station, analyzed the strategies of cultural and commercial integration, as well as architecture, street, landscape and other aspects of the design method in the space, and explored the strategies of place-making and infiltration, providing a reference point for the development and place-making of the commercial space around metro stations in urban core areas.

WP8 Metro开发

Windows 8是微软公司于2012年推出的继Windows7之后的新一代电脑操作系统,采用与Windows Phone 8相同的NT内核,该操作系统除了具备微软适用于笔记本电脑和台式机平台的传统窗口系统显示方式外,还特别强化适用于触控屏幕的平板电脑设计,使用了新的接口风格Metro,这种应用程序和我们传统看到的Windows应用最大的不同就是它是为触摸屏设备而设计的。

基于METRo模型的冬奥高速公路示范站路面温度临近预报方法

基于METRo模型探讨2022年北京-张家口冬季奥运会高速公路示范站(北京回龙观站)的冬季路面温度临近预报方法,采用大量样本数据迭代训练拟合的人为热参数作为前置参数加入METRo模型,拟减小METRo模型的系统性误差和人类生产生活对路面温度预报的影响。结果表明:(1)引入人为热参数后,METRo模型的模拟能力明显提升,特别是夜间,路面温度预报的均方根误差可控制在1℃左右;(2)人为热对路面温度有白天负反馈、夜间正反馈的作用;(3)白天路面温度受气象模式对辐射预报能力局限性的影响,仍存在一定误差。总体上,使用前置人为热参数的METRo模型对冬奥高速公路示范站进行路面温度尤其是路面低温的模拟是可行的,能够支撑冬季高速公路路面温度及路面结冰的预报预警能力。

《In a station of the Metro》在中国的翻译与阐释

庞德的《In a station of the Metro》一诗在中国的翻译与阐释存在很多不足，甚至出现了误读。这种误读有深刻的动因：中国古典诗歌及诗论影响了庞德诗歌及诗论．这种影响反过来左右着中国读者对意象派诗歌的理解。

Deformation characteristics and safety assessment of a high-speed railway induced by undercutting metro tunnel excavation

Stratum deformation(settlement) is a challenging issue in tunnel engineering, especially when construction of metro tunnels has to undercut high-speed railway. For this purpose, we used the FLAC30 software to analyze the stratum settlement characteristics of high-speed railway at different crossing angles intersected by metro tunnel, in terms of ground settlement trough, stratum slip line and irregularity of ballastless tracks. According to the evolution of the stratum settlement at different angle regions, an optimized angle is proposed for the actual project design. In order to reduce the influence of stratum settlement on the safety of high-speed railway, an approach of safety assessment is proposed for the shield engineering undercutting high-speed railway, as per Chinese specifications using numerical results and on-site conditions. A case study is conducted for the shield tunnel section crossing the Wuhan-Guangzhou High-speed Railway between the Guangzhou North Railway Station and the Huacheng Road Station, which represents the first metro tunnel project passing below a high-speed railway in China. A series of measures is taken to ensure the safe excavation of the shield tunnel and the operation of the high-speed railway. The results can provide a technical support for performing a safety evaluation between high-speed railways and metro tunnels.

现代铜电解的优化设计—浅析保尔沃特的METRO理念

在从始极片向不锈钢阴极(PSC)的工艺改造过程中,保尔沃特提出了一种新的电解车间设计理念。在充分掌握老厂情况的基础上,确定选用何种不锈钢阴极工艺之后,对电解厂房进行功能性分区,对厂房进行优化配置。在此过程中引入METRO设计概念,可提升阴阳极片的装卸效率,从而实现整个过程的全自动和全程跟踪。

Investigation into the Vibration of Metro Bogies Induced by Rail Corrugation

The current research of rail corrugation mainly focuses on the mechanisms of its formation and development. Compared with the root causes and development mechanisms, the wheel-rail impacts, the fatigue failure of vehicle-track parts, and the loss of ride comfort due to rail corrugation should also be taken into account. However, the influences of rail corrugation on vehicle and track vibration, and failure of vehicle and track structural parts are barely discussed in the literature. This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the structural vibration of metro bogies caused by rail corrugation. Extensive experiments are conducted to investigate the effects of short-pitch rail corrugation on the vibration accelerations of metro bogies. A dynamic model of a metro vehicle coupled with a concrete track is established to study the influence of rail corrugation on the structural vibration of metro bogies. The field test results indicate that the short-pitch rail corrugation generates strong vibrations on the axle-boxes and the bogie frames, therefore, accelerates the fatigue failure of the bogie components. The numerical results show that short-pitch rail corrugation may largely reduce the fatigue life of the coil spring, and improving the damping value of the primary vertical dampers is likely to reduce the strong vibration induced by short-pitch rail corrugation. This research systematically studies the effect of rail corrugation on the vibration of metro bogies and proposes some remedies for mitigating strong vibrations of metro bogies and reducing the incidence of failure in primary coil springs, which would be helpful in developing new metro bogies and track maintenance procedures.

Numerical simulation of dynamic response of operating metro tunnel induced by ground explosion

To evaluate the effects of possible ground explosion on a shallow-buried metro tunnel, this paper attempts to analyze the dynamic responses of the operating metro tunnel in soft soil, using a widely applied explicit dynamic nonlinear finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The blast induced wave propagation in the soil and the tunnel, and the von Mises effective stress and acceleration of the tunnel lining were presented, and the safety of the tunnel lining was evaluated based on the failure criterion. Besides, the parametric study of the soil was also carried out. The numerical results indicate that the upper part of the tunnel lining cross-section with directions ranging from 0° to 22.5° and horizontal distances 0 to 7 m away from the explosive center are the vulnerable areas, and the metro tunnel might be safe when tunnel depth is more than 7 m and TNT charge on the ground is no more than 500 kg, and the selection of soil parameters should be paid more attentions to conduct a more precise analysis.

视觉、交互和功能——以Metro风格设计分析互联网产品设计

基于在互联网和多媒体背景下的设计依然要注重内容大于形式这个设计中永不变更的观点,文章结合整体布局设计、交互设计和制定性动画设计等设计的形式对Metro风格的设计特点进行了分析,指出了设计时所遵循的原则。并结合实际的一些设计情境,说明了在进行多媒体信息设计的时候,应该如何根据设计方法进行实践。