基于NURBS曲面的小麦叶片三维重建

针对小麦叶片三维可视化不易实现的问题,通过NURBS曲面算法对小麦叶片进行三维重建。实测小麦叶片长度、叶片宽度、茎叶夹角、叶鞘长度、叶鞘直径等具体数据,通过主脉控制点算法计算叶片和叶鞘的主脉控制点信息,根据叶片宽度、叶鞘直径等信息计算出全部控制点信息,在visual studio中使用OpenGL构建小麦叶片三维模型。本研究算法得出的小麦叶片模型与真实小麦叶片有较高的相似度,较好地体现了叶片的弯曲度,真实地反映了作物叶片的形态信息。基于NURBS曲面的三维重建控制灵活、使用方便、计算简单,在作物的三维建模方面有较好的应用和参考价值。

基于双NURBS曲线的叶轮叶片工业机器人GMAW增材制造

以双NURBS曲线获得的直纹面广泛存在于各行业复杂零件中,如何实现复杂直纹面的增材制造一直是增材制造领域中极为关心的问题。以双NURBS曲线描述叶片模型,进一步获得直纹面,采用优化工艺参数,以GMAW方法实现了叶轮叶片的增材制造,增材获得的叶片完整,成形良好,表明以GMAW工艺实现双NURBS曲线叶片增材制造是可行的。为叶片模型构建、复杂形状叶片的电弧增材制造提供了新方法,对复杂形状零件增材制造过程控制具有借鉴意义。

运行时间周期化工业机器人模型迭代寻优NURBS轨迹插补

为满足工业机器人高精度复杂曲线运动的需求,本文提出运行时间周期化工业机器人模型迭代寻优NURBS轨迹插补算法.首先,根据轨迹最大轮廓误差和机器人动力学特性对曲线分段.随后,提出优化回溯算法,使各子曲线段均可用S曲线加减速规划.之后,为保证机器人在进给速度极小值处不超速,将各加减速阶段运行时间调整为插补周期的整数倍,并对子曲线段衔接处速度平滑处理.最后,提出模型迭代寻优曲线插补,大大降低了速度波动率.仿真试验表明,该方法插补轨迹的各项指标均满足要求且最大速度波动率仅为0.000099%.真机试验也验证了该方法可有效减小轨迹误差.

A systematic review of morphological models of salt marshes

Salt marshes are among the most important coastal wetlands and provide critical ecological services,including climate regulation,biodiversity maintenance,and blue carbon sequestration.However,most salt marshes worldwide are shrinking,owing to the effects of natural and human factors,such as climate change and artificial reclamation.Therefore,it is essential to understand the decline in the morphological processes of salt marshes,and accordingly,the likely evolution of these marshes,in order to enable measures to be taken to mitigate this decline.To this end,this study presented an extensive systematic review of the current state of morphological models and their application to salt marshes.The emergence of process-based(PB)and data-driven(DD)models has contributed to the development of morphological models.In morphodynamic simulations in PB models,multiple physical and biological factors(e.g.,the hydrodynamics of water bodies,sediment erosion,sediment deposition,and vegetation type)have been considered.The systematic review revealed that PB models have been extended to a broader interdisciplinary field.Further,most DD models are based on remote sensing database for the prediction of morphological characteristics with latent uncertainty.Compared to DD models,PB models are more transparent but can be complex and require a lot of computational power.Therefore,to make up for the shortcomings of each model,future studies could couple PB with DD models that consider vegetation,microorganisms,and benthic animals together to simulate or predict the biogeomorphology of salt marsh systems.Nevertheless,this review found that there is a lack of unified metrics to evaluate model performance,so it is important to define clear objectives,use multiple metrics,compare multiple models,incorporate uncertainty,and involve experts in the field to provide guidance in the further study.

Numerical modeling of seabed morphological effects from the construction of artificial islands in Danzhou, Hainan

Haihua Islands is a large artificial island in Danzhou, Hainan. The construction of Haihua Islands changes the hYdrodynamic environment of Yangpu waters, and further affects its morphological change. Delft3D is used to set up a two dimensional nested hydrodynamic and sediment model for Yangpu waters in this paper, and this paper focuses on simulating the velocity and morphological change due to the construction of Haihua Islands after the verification of the model. The seabed deposition is small because of low suspended sediment concentration and less sand source near Yangpu waters. The bed level erodes in the south area of Xiaochan Reef and the Yangpu channel due to the velocity increase in the area.

基于Polygon-Nurbs混合建模的汽车造型数字化设计

文章阐述了汽车造型数字化设计中Polygon建模与Nurbs建模的特点与适用情境。提出了一种基于Polygon-Nurbs混合建模的汽车造型数字化设计方法。该建模方法的核心流程是先采用多边形确定形体,再使用Nurbs建模构建稳定的曲面。基于该混合建模思路,进行了汽车造型设计实践,证明了该建模方法能够发挥两种建模方式的优点,快速准确构建形体,并能生成高质量的曲面模型。

Modeling Study of Fruit Morphological Formation in Melon

Modeling of fruit morphological formation in melon is important for realizing virtual and digital plant growth.The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in patterns of fruit growth characters during plant development.In cultivar experiments,a high-resolution wireless vision sensor network has been developed to realize non-contact automatic uninterrupted measurement of the fruit shape micro-change （fruit size,color,and net）.Results showed that the fruit swelling process （vertical and horizontal diameters） exhibited a slow-rapid-slow pattern,which could be well described with a logistic curve against growing degree days （GDD）;fruit color changes based on the RGB values could be represented by quadratic relationship to cumulative GDD;the fruit net changes over growth progress could be partitioned into three phases according to the time interval.The first phase was from 1 to 30 days after pollination （DAP）,in which the vertical stripe appeared at fruit middle part and the horizontal stripe at fruit petiole and hilum part as well;the second phase was from 30 to 40 DAP,the horizontal stripe occurred at fruit middle part and the net was formed;the third phase was the process started from 40 DAP,the netted breadth and thickness were gradually increased.The model was validated with the independent data from the experiment,and the mean RMSE （root mean square error） of fruit were 0.36 and 0.28 cm for vertical and horizontal diameters,11.9 for fruit color,and 0.45 cm for stripe length and diameter at varied GDD,respectively.This work is beneficial to a reliable foundation for study the relationship between morphological formation and physiological change of the melon fruit internally and then realize the intelligent precision management to improve the yield and quality of greenhouse melon production.

NURBS Modeling and Curve Interpolation Optimization of 3D Graphics

In order to solve the problem of complicated Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines(NURBS)modeling and improve the real-time performance of the high-order derivative of the curve interpolation process,the method of NURBS modeling based on the slicing and layering of triangular mesh is introduced.The research and design of NURBS curve interpolation are carried out from the two aspects of software algorithm and hardware structure.Based on the analysis of the characteristics of traditional computing methods with Taylor series expansion,the Adams formula and the Runge-Kutta formula are used in the NURBS curve interpolation process,and the process is then optimized according to the characteristics of NURBS interpolation.This can ensure accuracy,and avoid the calculation of higher-order derivatives.Furthermore,the hardware modules for the Adams and Runge-Kutta formulas are designed by using the parallel hardware construction technology of Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)chips.The parallel computing process using FPGA is compared with the traditional serial computing process using CPUs.Simulation and experimental results show that this scheme can improve the computational speed of the system and that the algorithm is feasible.

Extraction of Feature Points for Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines(NURBS)-Based Modeling of Human Legs

Methods of digital human modeling have been developed and utilized to reflect human shape features.However,most of published works focused on dynamic visualization or fashion design,instead of high-accuracy modeling,which was strongly demanded by medical or rehabilitation scenarios.Prior to a high-accuracy modeling of human legs based on non-uniform rational B-splines(NURBS),the method of extracting the required quasi-grid network of feature points for human legs is presented in this work.Given the 3 D scanned human body,the leg is firstly segmented and put in standardized position.Then re-sampling of the leg is conducted via a set of equidistant cross sections.Through analysis of leg circumferences and circumferential curvature,the characteristic sections of the leg as well as the characteristic points on the sections are then identified according to the human anatomy and shape features.The obtained collection can be arranged to form a grid of data points for knots calculation and high-accuracy shape reconstruction in future work.

基于热加工图和NURBS曲线的伺服热冲压工艺设计

考虑热冲压成形过程中工艺流程和材料变形行为的复杂性以及温度分布的时变性,提出一种基于热加工图和NURBS曲线的伺服热冲压工艺设计。以常用B1500HS热成形试样为研究对象,通过高温拉伸实验测得了不同热变形参数下B1500HS硼钢的真应力-真应变曲线,基于DMM原理构建了不同应变量下的B1500HS硼钢热加工图,计算了该材料在伺服热冲压过程中成形阶段最优速度和温度区间。根据典型热冲压模式的各阶段工艺特征和NURBS曲线数学模型,规划和建立了符合各约束条件的伺服热冲压工艺曲线,实现了对伺服热冲压工艺曲线的设计。借助CAE分析软件,开展了汽车中立柱伺服热冲压对比仿真实验。综合分析表明,与常规热冲压工艺相比,采用所提出的伺服热冲压工艺曲线模型成形时中立柱样件应力和温度分布更均匀,最大减薄率降低约8.5%,最大起皱度为4.002×10-3,主应变降低约12.5%,表明所提出的伺服热冲压工艺对危险位置破裂趋势有明显的抑制作用。

MORPHOLOGICAL MODEL FOR RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PLANT CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE SYSTEM

This paper puts forward a physical and mathematical model for the rheological properties of a plant cell suspension culture system.The model can explain why the system is pseudoplastic satisfactorily,thus the rheological properties of the system as the effect of the flow behavior index on plant cell concentration are interpreted correctly and the mechanism of the rheological properties of the system is further understood.Therefore the model can be applied in the technological design and optimum conditions of the system and the reformation,evaluation and scale up of reactors.

基于NURBS曲面的船体三维建模应用

NUBRS曲面建模技术是专为曲面复杂物体三维模型重建而设计的,能基于曲线和曲面的形式对目标地物三维模型的轮廓和外形进行准确精细的表达。本文介绍了一款基于NURBS曲面的船体三维建模程序Maxsurf Modeler,详细论述了应用该程序进行船体三维建模的流程;同时,对三维模型的可靠性和适用性进行了CFD验证。在静水阻力计算中,6种工况下的最大误差为2.29%;在耐波性计算中,纵摇运动的计算误差最大,为19.32%。结果表明,采用Maxsurf Modeler完成的三维模型具有一定的可靠性。

基于NURBS曲线的超高速电梯导流罩多目标气动优化设计

随着电梯梯速的提高,轿厢受到的气动阻力和升力越来越大,这不仅制约着梯速的进一步提高,也成为影响电梯舒适性和安全性的关键因素。为优化电梯的气动性能,利用NURBS曲线构建了包括导流罩、轿厢、对重和井道的电梯系统参数化模型。以气动阻力系数C_(d)和气动升力系数C_(l)为优化目标,利用敏感性分析筛选出对优化目标影响最大的4个关键设计参数。通过网格独立性检验选取合适的仿真计算网格,为缩短计算时间,结合最优空间填充设计的样本点建立Kriging模型对导流罩进行多目标优化,得到一系列Pareto解,并对优化前后导流罩的气动性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,降低导流罩侧面和后部凸凹度,增大导流罩总高和后部高,可以改善电梯系统的气动性能,优化后导流罩的C_(d)减小26.67%,C_(l)减小34.27%,并且在不同梯速下具有较好的适用性。

基于插值NURBS曲面的马铃薯叶片3维重建

随着计算机虚拟技术的迅速发展,虚拟作物技术已成为水稻、小麦、玉米等农作物生长发育状况研究的重要工具.现有关于农作物叶片3维重建的研究主要关注叶片的正面表面,而忽略了背面构造.该文针对农作物叶片3维重建问题,选取马铃薯叶片作为研究对象.首先,利用马铃薯叶片的实测数据和标记数据,结合非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲面重构技术,通过控制点的反算方法及权重因子插值曲面算法,确定插值NURBS曲面的节点矢量、控制点、权重因子等相关参数;其次,采用插值NURBS曲线的方法对叶脉进行3维重建;最后,使用VisMPL和VisVTK对曲面进行颜色渲染和绘制,并引入曲面容器将叶正面、叶背面和叶柄的插值NURBS曲面进行融合.实验结果表明:基于传统方法,该方法通过增加叶片背面的构造,在重建马铃薯叶片的3维曲面模型上表现出色,有效实现了马铃薯叶片形态特征的3维重建,为马铃薯叶片研究提供技术支持.

Morphology prediction of dihydroxylammonium 5,5'-bistetrazole-1,1'-diolate (TKX-50) crystal in different solvent systems using modified attachment energy model

In order to theoretically study the growth morphology of dihydroxylammonium 5,5’-bistetrazole-1,1’-dio late(TKX-50)crystal in different solvent systems,crystal–solvent models were established,and then molecular dynamics(MD)methods were adopted as a means to simulate particle motion.Modified attachment energy(MAE)model was employed to calculate the growth morphology of TKX-50.The simulation results demonstrate that COMPASS force field and RESP charge are suitable for molecular dynamics simulation of TKX-50.The morphologically dominant growth surfaces of TKX-50 in vacuum are(020),(011),(11–1),(100)and(120),respectively.In water(H_(2)O)and N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF)solvents,the(11–1)face is the largest in the habit face,the growth rate of(020)face becomes faster.With the increase of temperature,the aspect ratios of TKX-50 crystal in DMF solvent increase,and the areas of the(120)faces decrease.In ethylene glycol/H_(2)O mixed solvent system with volume ratio of 1/1,aspect ratio of TKX-50 is relatively small.In formic acid/H_(2)O mixed solvents with different volume ratios(1/4,1/3,1/2,1/1 and 2/1),aspect ratio of TKX-50 is relatively small when volume ratio is 1/2.

NURBS曲线反算不同参数取值法在纬平针织物仿真中的比较

为精准模拟和灵活控制纬平针组织三维仿真效果,通过分析纬平针织物的几何结构改进成圈线圈模型,建立纬平针组织三维结构模型,获得线圈中心线型值点数据和纱线的结构特征。使用Code::Blocks开发环境、C++语言和OpenGL函数库,基于非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲线原理,采用均匀参数化法、弦长参数化法和向心参数化法3种不同的节点矢量计算方法,反算控制点,之后拟合曲线模拟线圈中心线,比较使用不同节点矢量计算方法时线圈中心线结构的模拟效果,最终得到合理通用的仿真效果,并可根据型值点的选取情况以及各方法的特性选择合适的节点矢量计算方法。基于NURBS曲面原理可模拟纬平针组织纱线表面,并增加光照与材质效果,实现纬平针组织三维实体仿真。

基于男性腰臀裆部NURBS曲面模型的内裤数字化制版

为解决男士内裤版型因前裆凸起量规定模糊而导致内裤裆部不合体的问题,对男性人体建立腰臀裆部曲面仿真模型,依据曲面模型生成合体的数字化内裤版型。运用三维人体扫描仪获取实验对象腰臀裆部点云数据,使用逆向工程软件提取点云数据中能表征腰臀裆部形态的点云坐标集,按照NURBS曲线曲面原理在Solidworks软件中建立腰臀裆部曲面模型并对7块曲面进行展平,以ET服装CAD软件为版片编辑平台生成合体的男士内裤版型。结果表明:从点云数据中提取7个特征截面的点云坐标集构建的曲面模型能够表征腰臀裆部体表形态,数字化男士内裤版型在虚拟试衣和真实试穿中十分贴合男性腰臀裆部形态,内裤服装压强范围在0~2.4 kPa之间,可满足人体舒适性要求,验证显示采用腰臀裆部曲面模型生成数字化内裤版型是合理的,数字化内裤版型更符合人体腰臀裆部形态特征,为合体和贴体服装版型的快速获取提供一种新的方法。

A Morphologically Structured Model for Mycelial Growth and Secondary Metabolite Formation

A morphologically structured model is proposed to describe the batch fermentation of lovastatin according to the growth kinetics of filamentous microorganisms. Three kinds of hyphae are considered in the model: actively growing hyphae, non-growing hyphae and deactivated hyphae. Furthermore, actively growing hyphae consist of three morphological compartments: apical compartment which gives rise to hyphal tip extension; subapical compartment which is related to hyphal branching; and hyphal compartment which is only responsible for secondary metabolite formation. The kinetics of mycelial growth mechanism is summarized and applied in modeling lovastatin fermentation. A Michaelis-Menten kinetic model with substrate inhibition is proposed for product formation. As expected, the model simulations fit well with experimental data obtained either from a laboratory scale 10L fer-menter or from a pilot-plant scale fermenter.

三角网格模型法与NURBS曲面重构法相结合的测头半径补偿

在使用接触式测量法进行检测时,测量数据是测头中心点的数据坐标,与实测点之间存在一定的误差。针对该问题提出一种三角网格模型法与NURBS曲面重构法相结合的方法对测头半径进行补偿。对测头中心采样点进行曲面拟合,并通过三角网格划分该曲面,求解三角网格顶点法矢和实测点。再选取高斯曲率较大或曲面法矢方向与坐标平面夹角较小的区域进行NURBS曲面重构,求出重构后的实测点。仿真实验结果表明:采用该方法补偿后的精度比三角网格模型法提高了95.52%。对未知CAD模型的自由曲面工件进行验证实验,补偿误差最大值为0.0121mm,补偿误差平均值为0.0033mm,验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。

Droplet morphology analysis of drop-on-demand inkjet printing

As an accurate 2D/3D fabrication tool,inkjet printing technology has great potential in preparation of micro electronic devices.The morphology of droplets produced by the inkjet printer has a great impact on the accuracy of deposition.In this study,the drop-on-demand(DoD)inkjet simulation model was established,and the accuracy of the simulation model was verified by corresponding experiments.The simulation result shows that the velocity of the droplet front and tail,as well as the time to disconnect from the nozzle is mainly affected by density(ρ),viscosity(μ)and surface tension(σ)of droplets.When the liquid filament is about to disconnect from the nozzle,the filament length and filament front velocity are found to have a linear correlation withσ/ρμand ln(ρ/(μσ1/2)).