Key Points of Breeding and Cultivation Techniques of Wushan Crisp Plum,a New Cultivar of Green Crisp Plum

Wushan crisp plum is a new cultivar of green crisp plum with dignified fruit shape,crisp and tender flesh,pit separability and sweet taste.It is bred from natural bud mutant of Jiang'an Dabaili,a local green crisp plum cultivar by Wushan County Fruit Industry Development Center,Southwest University and Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station.Wushan crisp plum has won the gold award in the National High-quality Plum and Apricot Appraise and Elect and the tile of"the king of fruit"in the"Three-Gorge Cup"High-quality Crisp Plum Appraise and Elect.In the southwestern region of China,the planting area of Wushan crisp plum has been extended to 33000 ha.The cultivar has strong robust and fast growth.In the area along the Yangtze River in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing,it ripens from early to middle July.The fruit is ovoid and of medium size,with average longitudinal diameter of 3.3 cm,average horizontal diameter of 4.0 cm,average single fruit mass of 37.2 g,carpopodium length of 1.5 cm,and carpopodium diameter of 0.1 cm.The top of the fruit is slightly concave.The peel is green to green-yellow in background color and medium in thickness,with obvious fruit dots and thick white fruit wax.The flesh is light yellow,compact,short in fiber length,juicy,crisp,tender,pure and sweet,with soluble solids content of 12%-15%,titratable acid content of 0.43%-0.72%and vitamin C content of 6.12-8.99 mg/100 g.The pit is small,separable,and oblate.The percentage of edible flesh is up to 94.80%-96.88%.There is no obvious pre-harvest cracking and intra-fruit pectin.The cultivar is mid-ripening and high in yield.In the firm ripe stage,the flesh is crunchy;and after entering the soft ripe stage,the flesh becomes powdery,and the hardness decreases.At room temperature,the fruit is not resistant to storage and transportation.Wushan crisp plum is tolerant to the climate with high temperature,high humidity and less sunshine,with good adaptability.It is suitable for promoting in the upper reaches of Yangtze River within 180-1000 m elevation.

Breeding Report of a New Red Pear Cultivar 'Xianghongli'

＇Xianghongli＇ is a mid-ripening pear with red appearance. The seeding was selected from seeds of Red D＇Anjou radiated by γ-Co^60. The cultivar is a tall tree, with a height of 3.31 m at 6 years old. The tree is vigorous with ramose crown and upright tree gesture. Leaves are elliptic, acuminate, with average 5.802 cm length and 3.389 cm width. Flowers are pale pink. The relative position of petals is overlap. The petal shape is oval with more pollen. The average single fruit weight is 216.0 g, with mainly wide-necked pear formed. The ground color of peel is yellow with 80% bright red of cover color. The flesh is white, melting, soft and juicy, sour-sweet, strongly fragrant, little stone cell and small core. The soluble solid content is 12.5%. The soluble sugar content is 10.78%. The titratable acid content is 0.097%. The fruit quality is excellent. The fruit development period is 125-130 d and the ripe stage is at the end of August in Changli area, Hebei province, It is easy to form flower on short branches, and possesses large number of flower buds. The properties of early-bearing and high yielding are better. It is resistant to fruit phellem, pear scab, cold, etc. The shelf life of fruit is over 20 d. The fruit can be stored for 5 months in refrigeration condition. Suitable cultivation area is Qinhuang- dao,Tangshan, Cangzhou in Hebei, Beijing, Taiyuan in Shanxi and similar area. Xi- anghongli has the high-yield potential and can be extended to the most area of Northern China.

Comparative Test for New Watermelon Cultivars

Comparative test was conducted on 11 （including the cultivar as control） new watermelon cultivars to identify the yielding ability, stability, adaptability, stress resistance and other important characteristics of the new watermelon oultivars, to thereby obtain new watermelon cultivars with good comprehensive characters suit- able for different regions and different cultivation manners. The results showed that Dali Qilin, Jingangerhao Hemeiren, Hongli Dahonghu, Hongli Baowang, Longjing Heibao and XJ-I had outstanding performance in yield, resistance and quality, and thus were worthy of further experiment demonstration and certification.

Breeding Report of a New Persimmon Cultivar ‘Heishi No. 1’

＇Heishi No.I＇ is an excellent early-maturing persimmon with black ap- pearance. The cultivar was selected from natural persimmon germplasm resources, and the variation maternal plant was discovered in Taihang Mountain. Fruit of ＇Heishi No.l＇ is mainly obround, and below the calyx is flesh seat indent. And the pericarp is smooth without any furrow in shinning deep black color, with white fruit powder on the surface. The pulp is exquisite with sweet flavor in orange-yellow col- or. The fruit is of middle size with the average fruit weight of 126.56 g, maximum fruit weight of 232.38 g, average soluble solid content of 22.43%, vitamin C content of 406 mg/kg, total sugar content of 19.46%, reducing sugar of 16.33%, total acid of 0.08% and tannic content of 0.56%. The fruit has small core, which becomes solid when ripe, and it has no seed. It has tolerance to storage and transportation, and easy to get deastringency, making it have excellent quality. This cuitivar is vig- orous with conicalness crown and semi-open tree gesture. Young branches are slightly curved in dull grey-green color. Leaves are deep green and lanceolate of 18.7 cm long, 10.1 cm wide, with 1.8 cm petioles. In Zhengzhou area, Henan province, ＇Heishi No.l＇ begins spouting at the end of March and flowering in early May, and the fruits gradually turns into black from yellow from mid-September. The fruit development period is about 130-140 d, and ripens at the end of September. The harvest time can be extended to late October. The cultivar is parthenocarpy, and bears food early with strong yielding ability. And it can flower and bear fruits in two years after planting, and reaches high yield of 48 720 kg/hm2 in the fifth year. There are few physiological fruit drops after fruit-setting and during the fruit expand- ing period, and the variation in different years is not significant. ＇Heishi No.l＇ has strong stress resistance and relatively few plant diseases and insect pests, and it has special resistance to anthracnose and angle of spot. Since the pericarp is thick with white fruit powder covered on the surface, the fruit has long storage-life and high tolerance to storage and transportation. After picking, ：the fruits can be stored for over 30 d in normal temperature, and the cold storage life could reach 3-4 months. The cultivar also has strong adaptability, resistance to cold and tolerance to poor soil conditions, and it is suitable to be planted in both plains and hilly areas in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other areas of persimmon distribution.

Comparison of New Maize Cultivars at Different Altitudes

[Objective] This study aimed to meet the demand of farmers for highyielding, high-quality, wide-adaptability and multi-resistant new maize cultivars, and to make food production grow continuously. [Method] Comparative test of new maize cultivars was conducted at different altitudes in 2015, and the yield, main economic characters, agronomic traits, growth period and resistance of maize cultivars were analyzed. [Result] Ruidan 26 and Yongrui 16 can be cultivated in the areas below the altitude of 2 200 m; Huaxingdan 88 can be cultivated in the areas below the altitude of 1 750 m; the other new maize cultivars still need to be tested further. [Cenclusion] The research results can be applied in this area and other similar areas, which will effectively promote the upgrading of maize cultivars and improve the yield per unit area.

早中熟桃新品种石河早香蜜的选育

石河早香蜜是采用系统选育的方法筛选出来的桃新品种。该品种植株生长势较强,果实椭圆形、香气浓郁、缝合线浅,果形端正,果皮底色为乳黄色、阳面红色、茸毛中等;果肉乳白色、肉质细嫩、汁液多;近核处果肉呈玫瑰红色,黏核,无裂果;平均单果质量275.0 g,最大单果质量345.0 g,可溶性固形物含量(w)12.5%;黄山地区果实7月上中旬成熟,果实发育期100 d。嫁接苗定植后,第4年可进入盛果期,4年生(株行距3.0 m×4.0 m)平均株产25.0 kg,产量1400 kg·666.7 m^(-2)。耐寒性、耐旱性较强,但耐涝性较弱,对炭疽病、细菌性穿孔病及桃疮痂病表现出较强抗性。

优质高产抗逆板栗新品种燕凤的选育

燕凤是从燕山板栗实生大树群体中选育出来的新品种,具有优质、高产、抗逆性强等优良特性。坚果深褐色,色泽明亮;果肉淡黄色,肉质糯、香、甜,可溶性固形物含量(w)19%以上。在河北省迁西县9月上旬成熟,为早中熟品种。结果母枝平均抽生果枝数2.7条,结果枝率70.6%,每结果枝刺苞数2.3个,每苞果粒数2.8个,平均单粒质量8.1 g。嫁接后第2年开始结果,8年生单株产量3.6 kg,折合产量3024.0 kg·hm^(-2),连续结果能力强。耐贮性强,适宜炒食、制作冰栗等。抗旱,耐瘠薄,高抗红蜘蛛,稳定性和适应性良好。适宜在燕山板栗产区及与此生态类型相似区域种植。

蓝莓新品种珍珠蓝的选育

珍珠蓝为北高丛蓝莓新品种,由蓝金自然杂交实生苗选育而成。中等果穗密度,中等厚度且质地均匀的果粉,小而干的果蒂痕,果实蓝色,呈扁圆形,果实较硬(3.82 kg·cm^(-2)),单果平均大小为1.43 cm×1.77 cm,单果平均质量为2.32 g,果实最大可达2.48 g,可溶性固形物含量(w)为17.2%,甜度高、酸度低。该品种的始熟期大约在6月下旬,早熟种。该品种风味好,产量中等,适宜鲜食。

中国樱桃新品种粉黛樱珠的选育

粉黛樱珠是从中国樱桃(Prunus pseudocerasus L.)实生资源中选育出的优良品种。树势中庸,树姿半开张,萌芽力中等,成枝力中等。果实扁圆形,果皮黑紫色,果面光亮,平均单果质量2.25 g,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)15.90%,可滴定酸含量0.34%,维生素C含量12.20 mg·100 g^(-1),味甜,品质好,不易裂果。果实生长发育期52 d左右,在浙江宁波5月1日前后成熟。适应性和抗病虫性较强,种植第3年开花结果,5~6年进入盛果期,丰产、稳产。

Breeding and Evaluation of New Iron Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb) Varieties

[Objective] This study was conducted to develop some new iron yam （Dioscorea opposita） varieties with excellent cooking, eating and nutritional qualities. [Method] The fresh weight per plant, drying rate, dry weight per plant, yield, allan- toin content, water soluble extract content and disease resistance of seven new iron yam cultivars （No.1, No.2, No.4, No.6, No.8, No.9 and No.10） obtained through spaceflight mutation breeding were measured and compared with control （No.11）. Then, the nutrition quality of two elite cultivars No. 6 and No.10 was determined by comparing with the control. [Result] The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descend- ing order of their fresh weight per plant as follows： No.6（0.255 kg）〉No.10（0.254 kg）〉 No.4（0.242 kg）〉No.9（0.237 kg）〉No.1（0.233 kg）〉No.11（0.206 kg）〉No.2（0.191 kg）〉No.8 （0.157 kg）. There was no significant difference in fresh weight per plant between No.6 and No.10, but extremely significant difference between No.6 and the control, No.10 and the control. The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descending order of their drying rate as follows： No.2 （32.641%）〉No.10 （32.230%）〉No.9 （28.223%）〉No.6 （25.174%）〉No.8（25.122%）〉No.11 （25.043%）〉No.1 （24.291%）〉No.4（20.234%）. The dry- ing rate of both No.6 and No.10 was higher than that of the control. The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descending order of their dry weight per plant as follows： No.10（0.082 kg）〉No.9（0.067 kg）〉No.6（0.064 kg）〉No.2（0.062 kg）〉No.1（0.056 kg）〉No.11 （0.052 kg）〉No.4 （0.049 kg）〉No.8 （0.039 kg）. The dry weight per plant of both No.6 and No.10 is higher than that of the control. The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descending order of their allantoin content as follows No.6 （0.484%）〉No.4 （0.467%）〉 No.10 （0.399%）〉No.ll （0.386%）〉No.9 （0.378%）〉No.8 （0.350%）〉No.2 （0.342）〉No.1 （0.325%）. The allantoin content of No.6 was significantly higher than that of No.10 and the control. There was significant difference in allantoin content between No.6 and No.10, but no significant difference between No 10 and the control. The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descending order of their extract content as follows No. 6（20.49%）〉No.2（16.01%）〉No.4（15.54%） 〉No. 10（15.35%）〉No. 1 （14.48%）〉No. 11 （14.10%） 〉No.9（13.88%）〉No.8（11.87%）. The extract content of No.6 exhibited extremely sig- nificant difference with that of No.10 and the control, and the extract content of No. 10 was also significantly different from that of the control. The taste of No.10 was dry, soft, floury, sweet and fragrant, better than that of the other seven cultivars. No.6 had the strongest resistance to Gloeosporium pestis and Cylindrosporium dioscoreae. No.10 had a middle resistance to G. pestis and a strong resistance to C. dioscoreae. No.6 and No.10 had higher contents of starch, reducing sugar, pro- tein and ash, lower water content and better nutrition quality than the control. [Conclusion] No.10 can be popularized as a new variety of edible iron yam, and No.6 as a new variety of medicinal iron yam.

甜香型毛花猕猴桃新品种赣绿1号的选育

赣绿1号系从野生毛花猕猴桃(Actinidia eriantha Benth.)自然变异群体中选育而成的新品种。果实长圆柱形至长卵圆形,果喙微钝凸,果面密被白色短茸毛。果实大小中等,均匀一致,平均单果质量为46.22 g,最大单果质量为73.50 g。果肉翠绿,肉质细嫩,风味香甜,果实可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)为18.4%~22.2%,可滴定酸含量为0.94%,可溶性糖含量为9.25%,干物质含量为21.74%,抗坏血酸含量为662.6 mg·100 g^(-1)。在江西省宜春市,盛花期为5月上旬,果实成熟期为10月底至11月上旬。植株树势较强,耐热抗旱,适应性强,果实均匀一致,富含抗坏血酸,易剥皮,鲜食品质佳,果实耐贮藏,常温下可贮藏30~50 d,综合性状优良。

优质黄果百香果新品种雅蜜的选育

雅蜜是从黄金百香果自交后代中选育的优质鲜食百香果新品种。该品种果实近圆形,果大,平均单果质量95.79 g;成熟时果皮黄色,表面有星状白色果点;果肉黄色至橙黄色,多汁,风味酸甜,香气浓郁,不易脱囊,可食率50.87%。可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)18.50%,总糖含量12.7 g·100 g^(-1),总酸含量16.97 g·kg^(-1),维生素C含量14.1 mg·100 g^(-1),氨基酸总量18.0 g·kg^(-1)。该品种果实生长期60~100 d,在福建种植区果实收获时间集中在7月中下旬至9月上旬和10月上旬至11月中下旬;植株生长势强,易成花,自交亲和,每666.7 m2平均产量1240.0 kg,丰产稳产。较抗炭疽病和病毒病,较耐高温。适应范围广,适宜于在福建、广西、云南等黄果百香果产区种植。

中熟杏新品种国锦的选育

国锦是以中国地方品种串枝红为母本、国外育成品种金太阳为父本人工杂交选育而成的中熟杏新品种。果实椭圆形,平均单果质量112.0 g,大果质量138.2 g;果顶平或微凹,梗洼浅而广,缝合线中深;果皮底色橙色,果实盖色红色;果肉橙色,硬溶质,风味浓郁、酸甜适中,品质上;可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)为13.6%,可溶性糖含量为9.4%,可滴定酸含量为1.3%,维生素C含量为6.4 mg·100 g^(-1),硬度为2.0 kg·cm^(-2),常温下可贮藏5~7 d。在辽宁省熊岳地区4月上旬开花,6月下旬果实成熟,果实发育期75 d左右。以短果枝结果为主,萌芽率55.7%,成枝力弱。中抗细菌性穿孔病和流胶病,抗寒性强。适宜在辽宁以南的全国杏产区栽培,早期丰产性好,4年生树进入盛果期,每666.7 m2产量可达2398kg,连续丰产能力强。

抗旱丰产春小麦新品种陇春43号选育报告

为甘肃省小麦生产提供抗旱、抗病、丰产、优质小麦新品种,以促进小麦更新换代,实现小麦稳产增产,以衡7728为母本、陇春27号为父本进行了有性杂交,通过异地生态选择、采用系谱法成功选育出了抗旱丰产春小麦新品种陇春43号。2018—2019年参加甘肃省旱地春小麦区域试验,平均折合产量3074.70 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种西旱2号增产10.02%。2020年参加甘肃省旱地春小麦生产试验,平均折合产量3582.61 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种西旱2号增产9.81%。该品种具有高产稳产,优质,株型紧凑,抗旱,抗倒伏,中抗条锈和白粉病等特点,适宜在甘肃省中部旱地春麦区以及类似生态地区种植。

中晚熟蟠桃新品种中蟠104的选育

中蟠104是通过多代人工杂交聚合选育的中晚熟黄肉蟠桃新品种,其母本为晚熟黄肉桃优系‘06-3-137’,父本为早熟黄肉蟠桃优株‘07北5-60’。花为蔷薇型,粉红色花瓣,花瓣数5片,花粉多,自花结实,丰产稳产。在郑州地区果实8月上旬成熟,果实生育期137 d左右。单果质量241 g,果实扁平,果顶闭合性好;果皮茸毛短,底色黄色,果面全红;套袋后果面全黄;果肉黄色,硬溶质,黏核;肉质细腻,可溶性固形物含量(w)15.2%,风味甜香。

早熟优质李新品种吉早丰的选育

吉早丰李是以吉红为母本、88-5-14为父本人工杂交育出的早熟李品种。果实椭圆形,离核,平均单果质量45g,果实较对称,底色黄绿色,部分着紫红色,果肉黄色,肉质松软,汁液含量多,味酸甜,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)平均为16.6%,可滴定酸含量为0.92%、可溶性糖含量为9.19%。公主岭地区4月下旬开花,7月下旬果实成熟,10月下旬落叶。树体生长势中等,树姿半开张,抗寒性强,可在吉林省无霜期≥130d、≥10℃有效积温2800℃以上的地区引种或试栽。

西瓜新品种农科大15号的选育

农科大15号是以自交系M08为母本、自交系1207为父本选育而成的杂交1代西瓜新品种。该品种在陕西关中地区早春塑料大棚种植全生育期100 d,果实发育期36 d;易坐果,果实椭圆形,果形指数1.44;果皮浅绿色上覆深绿色中细齿条,果皮厚度1.2 cm,果皮硬韧、耐贮运;瓜瓤红色,瓤质脆,口感佳,中心可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)11.7%;抗病、抗逆性强;单瓜质量8.7 kg,平均667 m^(2)产量4584.7 kg。适宜在西北生态区陕西省关中和陕北地区春季保护地和露地种植。2021年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

薄皮甜瓜新品种M916的选育

M916是以淡灰绿皮筒状薄皮甜瓜P-7为母本、白皮白肉甜瓜Q-9为父本进行杂交选育而成的薄皮甜瓜新品种。该品种在河北省春季大棚栽培全生育期100~105 d,果实发育期30~35 d。果实短筒状,长20 cm左右,单果质量550~700 g;果皮墨绿色,果肉翠绿,果肉厚度3 cm左右,肉质酥脆,香甜可口,中心可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)15.8%,品质佳;植株生长健壮,坐果性好,667 m^(2)产量2800 kg左右,适宜河北、山东、山西、陕西、天津等地保护地栽培。2020年6月通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

Trends in Breeding New Olive Varieties in Israel for Quality and Economic Management

The domesticated olives originated based on decades of selection from the natural forest around the Mediterranean basin being one of the oldest cultivated tree crops. The requirement for new olive varieties increased markedly during the last 100 years as a result of a worldwide transformation changing from a traditional extensive to a modern intensive mechanized industry. The traditional olive cultivars still widely used are selections from the local autochthonous cultivars which are well adapted to their natural environment. However, the level of production of those is usually rather low and many of them failed to respond enough to modern intensification methods. The wild olive population is gradually diminishing in all regions thus, natural selection is not efficient enough for developing the cultivars required for the new intensive olive industry. Cross breeding between cultivars with specific characters became the basis for the required new cultivars. The genetic diversity in progenies of most olive cultivars is extremely wide and thus becomes the basic source for breeding of the needed new cultivars. However, the genetic information on olive heredity and identification of specific gene characteristics is still limited. Genomic information is required for rational choice of genitors in accordance with each breeding aim, particularly as most criteria required for the new varieties are of multi-gene nature. The availability of advanced genomic information will also serve as basis for molecular engineering when accepted for use in the olive commodity. Geographically isolated olive populations developed during generations of inbreeding in remote regions are another important genetic resource of characters required for breeding the cultivars for the new modern mechanized olive orchards. The use of molecular markers based on AFLP, SSRs, DArT and SNPs is important for the choice of genitors leading to a reduction of the progeny size required in olive breeding. Presently the newly released olive cultivars are still the result of classical breeding.

两个香榧新品种美人指和早珍珠的选育

美人指和早珍珠是2023年从浙江省嵊州市实生榧树中选育出的两个新品种,采用穗条嫁接方式繁育子代。美人指种实质量10.77 g,呈卵球形,种形指数1.69,鲜出核率26.8%,种核质量2.89 g,核形指数2.74,种核细长、种壳较薄,干核出仁率72.54%,种仁含油率59.1%,蛋白质含量(w,后同)13.1%,可溶性糖含量2.94%。早珍珠种实质量7.98 g,呈圆球形,种形指数1.21,鲜出核率33.7%,种核质量2.69 g,核形指数1.75,呈近卵球形,种壳极薄,干核出仁率达78.68%,种仁含油率57.6%,蛋白质含量11.0%,可溶性糖含量4.17%。两个品种在炒制加工后,均表现出极易脱衣、质地松脆、后味香甜、综合口感佳的特点,推广应用前景广阔。美人指4月上旬开花,种实9月上旬成熟;早珍珠花期较早,于3月下旬开花,10月上旬种实成熟,成熟期较迟。子代测定结果表明,两个品种的种实性状、种仁风味与母株表现一致,且早实性、丰产性和稳产性良好,适宜在浙江省及相似环境地区栽培。