Fractional Noether theorem and fractional Lagrange equation of multi-scale mechano-electrophysiological coupling model of neuron membrane

Noether theorem is applied to a variable order fractional multiscale mechano-electrophysiological model of neuron membrane dynamics.The variable orders fractional Lagrange equation of a multiscale mechano-electrophysiological model of neuron membrane dynamics is given.The variable orders fractional Noether symmetry criterion and Noether conserved quantities are given.The forms of variable orders fractional Noether conserved quantities corresponding to Noether symmetry generators solutions of the model under different conditions are discussed in detail,and it is found that the expressions of variable orders fractional Noether conserved quantities are closely dependent on the external nonconservative forces and material parameters of the neuron.

Noether Theorem of Herglotz-Type for Nonconservative Hamilton Systems in Event Space

Focusing on the exploration of symmetry and conservation laws in event space, this paper studies Noether theorems of Herglotz-type for nonconservative Hamilton system. Herglotz’s generalized variational principle is first extended to event space,and on this basis, Hamilton equations of Herglotz-type in event space are derived. The invariance of Hamilton-Herglotz action is then studied by introducing infinitesimal transformation, and the definition of Herglotz-type Noether symmetry in event space is given, and its criterion is derived. Noether theorem of Herglotz-type and its inverse for event space nonconservative Hamilton system are proved. The application of Herglotz-type Noether theorem we obtained is introduced by taking Emden-Fowler equation and linearly damped oscillator as examples.

Noether Theorem for Fractional Singular Systems

Noether theorems for two fractional singular systems are discussed.One system involves mixed integer and Caputo fractional derivatives,and the other involves only Caputo fractional derivatives.Firstly,the fractional primary constraints and the fractional constrained Hamilton equations are given.Then,the fractional Noether theorems of the two fractional singular systems are established,including the fractional Noether identities,the fractional Noether quasi-identities and the fractional conserved quantities.Finally,the results obtained are illustrated by two examples.

非保守广义Chaplygin系统的Herglotz型Noether定理

Herglotz原理是非保守系统的变分原理,它是经典Hamilton原理的一个推广.在非保守情形,现有推广形式的Hamilton原理尽管也可导出运动方程,但实际上不再是变分原理.Noether定理是分析力学的一个基本原理,它阐明了对称性和守恒律的相关性,利用Noether定理可找到比牛顿力学和分析力学更多的守恒律.Chaplygin系统是一类特殊而又应用广泛的非完整系统,其方程可独立于约束方程进行研究.非保守广义Chaplygin系统则是Chaplygin系统对非保守力学的推广,因此研究建立该系统的Herglotz型Noether定理具有重要意义.文章针对非完整约束系统,提出基于Herglotz原理建立非保守广义Chaplygin系统的动力学方程,利用变分关系以及虚位移的Chetaev条件,从关于Hamilton-Herglotz作用量的微分方程出发推导建立其全变分方程并求解,由此导出非保守广义Chaplygin系统的作用量的全变分.给出Herglotz型Noether对称变换及准对称变换的定义,在此基础上利用全变分公式导出其判据(Noether等式),建立并证明非保守广义Chaplygin系统Herglotz形式的Noether定理,得到新型守恒量.最后,针对两个具体的非保守非完整系统,建立了它们的Herglotz型广义Chaplygin方程、判据方程和Chetaev条件,解出生成元,由文中所得定理找到了系统的守恒量,验证了结果的有效性.

广义Birkhoff系统分数阶最优控制问题的Noether定理

探讨了广义Birkhoff系统分数阶最优控制问题的Noether定理。首先,基于Caputo分数阶导数提出广义Birkhoff系统的分数阶最优控制问题,并运用分数阶变分方法得到了广义Birkhoff系统的分数阶最优控制问题的极值条件。然后,运用分数阶微积分和分数阶变分方法讨论了泛函在无穷小变换群作用下的不变性,分别给出了其时间不变和时间变化情况下的分数阶最优控制问题的Noether定理。最后,应用实例显示方法的有效性。

Noether's theorems of a fractional Birkhoffian system within Riemann-Liouville derivatives

The Noether symmetry and the conserved quantity of a fractional Birkhoffian system are studied within the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives. Firstly, the fractional Birkhoff＇s equations and the corresponding transversality conditions are given. Secondly, from special to general forms, Noether＇s theorems of a standard Birhoffian system are given, which provide an approach and theoretical basis for the further research on the Noether symmetry of the fractional Birkhoffian system. Thirdly, the invariances of the fractional Pfaffian action under a special one-parameter group of infinitesimal transformations without transforming the time and a general one-parameter group of infinitesimal transformations with transforming the time are studied, respectively, and the corresponding Noether＇s theorems are established. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.

Noether's theorem for non-conservative Hamilton system based on El-Nabulsi dynamical model extended by periodic laws

This paper focuses on the Noether symmetries and the conserved quantities for both holonomic and nonholonomic systems based on a new non-conservative dynamical model introduced by E1-Nabulsi. First, the E1-Nabulsi dynamical model which is based on a fractional integral extended by periodic laws is introduced, and E1-Nabulsi-Hamilton＇s canoni- cal equations for non-conservative Hamilton system with holonomic or nonholonomic constraints are established. Second, the definitions and criteria of E1-Nabulsi-Noether symmetrical transformations and quasi-symmetrical transformations are presented in terms of the invariance of E1-Nabulsi-Hamilton action under the infinitesimal transformations of the group. Fi- nally, Noether＇s theorems for the non-conservative Hamilton system under the E1-Nabulsi dynamical system are established, which reveal the relationship between the Noether symmetry and the conserved quantity of the system.

Generalized Noether Theorem and Poincaré-Cartan Integral Invariant for Singular High-order Lagrangian in Fields Theories

A generalized first Noether theorem (GFNT) originating from the invariance under the finite continuous group for singular high-order Lagrangian and a generalized second Noether theorem (or generalized Noether identities (GNI)) for variant system under the infinite continuous group of field theory in canonical formalism are derived. The strong and weak conservation laws in canonical formalism are also obtained. It is pointed out that some variant systems also have Dirac constraint. Based on the canonical action, the generalized Poincaré-Cartan integral invariant (GPCⅡ) for singular high-order Lagrangian in the field theory is deduced. Some confusions in literafure are clarified. The GPCⅡ connected with canonical equations and canonical transformation are discussed.

NOETHER'S THEOREM FOR NONHOLONOMIC SYSTEMS OF NON-CHETAEV'S TYPE WITH UNILATERAL CONSTRAINTS IN EVENT SPACE

To study the Noether's theorem of nonholonomic systems of non_Chetaev's type with unilateral constraints in event space, firstly, the principle of D'Alembert_Lagrange for the systems with unilateral constraints in event space is presented, secondly, the Noether's theorem and the Noether's inverse theorem for the nonholonomic systems of non_Chetaev's type with unilateral constraints in event space are studied and obtained, which is based upon the invariance of the differential variational principle under the infinitesimal transformations of group, finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the result.

RENEWAL OF BASIC LAWS AND PRINCIPLES FOR POLAR CONTINUUM THEORIES (Ⅲ)—NOETHER'S THEOREM

The existing various couple stress theories have been carefully restudied.The purpose is to propose a coupled Noether's theorem and to reestablish rather complete conservation laws and balance equations for couple stress elastodynamics. The new concrete forms of various conservation laws of couple stress elasticity are derived. The precise nature of these conservation laws which result from the given invariance requirements are established. Various special cases are reduced and the results of micropolar continua may be naturally transited from the results presented in this paper.

Fractional Optical Solitons and Fractional Noether’s Theorem with Ortigueira’s Centered Derivatives

This paper shows that the centered fractional derivatives introduced by Manuel Duarte Ortigueira in 2006 are useful in the description of optical solitons. It is shown that we can construct a fractional extension of the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation which incorporates Ortigueira’s derivatives and has soliton solutions. It is also shown that this fractional NLS equation has a Lagrangian density and can be derived from a variational principle. Finally, a fractional extension of Noether’s theorem is formulated to determine the conserved quantities associated to the invariances of the action integral under infinitesimal transformations.

Fractional Noether's Theorems for El-Nabulsi's Fractional Birkhoffian Systems in Terms of Riemann-Liouville Derivatives

The fractional Pfaffian variational problem and Noether’s theorems were investigated in terms of Riemann-Liouville derivatives on the basis of El-Nabulsi fractional model.The problem of the calculus of variations with fractional derivatives is a hot topic recently.Firstly,within Riemann-Liouville derivatives,the ElNabulsi Pfaffian variational problem was presented,the fractional Pfaff-Birkhoff-d’Alembert principle was established,and the fractional Birkhoff equations and the corresponding transversality conditions were obtained.Then,the Noether’s theorems in terms of Riemann-Liouville derivatives for the Birkhoffian system on the basis of El-Nabulsi fractional model are investigated under the special and the general transformations respectively.Finally,an example is given to illustrate the methods and results appeared in this paper.

Framing Noether’s Theorem

We discuss Noether’s theorem from a new perspective and show that the spatial continuous symmetries of a system are on one hand symmetries of the space and on the other hand are dictated by the system’s potential energy. The Noether’s charges arising from an infinitesimal motion, or a Killing vector field, of the space, are conserved if the Lie derivative of the potential energy by this vector field vanishes. The possible spatial symmetries of a mechanical system are listed according to the potential energy of the external forces.

GENERALIZED NOETHER’S THEOREM OF NONHOLONOMIC NONPOTENTIAL SYSTEM IN NONINERTIAL REFERENCE FRAMES

The new Lagrangian of the relative motion of mechanical system is constructed, the varialional principles oj Jourdain's form of nonlinear nonlwlonomic nonpotential system in noninertial reference frame are established, the generalized Noether's theorem of the system above is presented and proved, and the conserved quantities of system are studied.

二阶非完整系统Vacco动力学的Herglotz型Noether定理

研究二阶非完整系统Vacco动力学的Herglotz型Noether定理.首先,基于Herglotz广义变分原理,建立了二阶非完整系统Vacco动力学的Herglotz型运动微分方程.其次,根据Hamilton-Herglotz作用量的非等时变分公式,给出了二阶非完整系统Vacco动力学的Herglotz型Noether对称性和准对称性的概念及其判据方程,并推导了系统的Herglotz型Noether定理及其逆定理.最后,举例说明了该结果的应用.

非保守非完整系统的Herglotz型Noether定理

研究非保守非完整系统的Herglotz型Noether定理及其逆定理.首先,将Herglotz变分原理推广到非保守非完整系统,并基于该原理推导出系统的带乘子型运动微分方程.其次,引入无限小变换,研究Herglotz作用量的不变性,提出并证明非保守非完整系统的Noether定理.再次,研究了对称性逆问题,给出了Noether逆定理.最后,以受非保守力的Appell-Hamel问题为例,介绍Herglotz型Noether定理的应用.

Dark Energy from Kaluza-Klein Spacetime and Noether’s Theorem via Lagrangian Multiplier Method

The supposedly missing dark energy of the cosmos is found quantitatively in a direct analysis without involving ordinary energy. The analysis relies on five dimensional Kaluza-Klein spacetime and a Lagrangian constrained by an auxiliary condition. Employing the Lagrangian multiplier method, it is found that this multiplier is equal to the dark energy of the cosmos and is given by where E is energy, m is mass, c is the speed of light, and λ is the Lagrangian multiplier. The result is in full agreement with cosmic measurements which were awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics as well as with the interpretation that dark energy is the energy of the quantum wave while ordinary energy is the energy of the quantum particle. Consequently dark energy could not be found directly using our current measurement methods because measurement leads to wave collapse leaving only the quantum particle and its ordinary energy intact.

事件空间中单面非Chetaev型非完整系统的Noether定理

研究事件空间中单面非Chetaev型非完整系统的Noether定理· 首先给出了系统的D’Alem bert_Lagrange原理 ;其次基于该原理在群的无限小变换下的不变性 ,研究了非Chetaev型非完整系统的Noether定理及逆定理 ;

单面约束力学系统的Noether理论

应用变换群Ｇｒ 的无限小群变换的广义准对称性，给出了受单面约束的动力学系统的Ｎｏｅｔｈｅｒ 理论，并举例说明结果的应用·

非完整系统相对于非惯性系的Noether理论

本文通过构造广义惯性势,建立起非完整系统相对于非惯性系的新型Gauss型变分原理.提出并证明了非完整系统相对于非惯性系的Noether定理和逆定理.最后举例说明其应用.