Exploring Nominalization in English Abstracts of Applied Linguistics Research Articles:A Comparative Study Between Chinese and International Journals

Researchers around the world strive to communicate new knowledge,primarily via publication,with the abstract being crucial in conveying core insights.Previous research has generally analyzed the discourse features of abstracts from a macro perspective and often employed either outdated texts,such as those over a decade old,or papers written by authors with lower English academic writing proficiency as research material.In this study,we analyzed forty abstracts from leading journals in applied linguistics,evenly split between Chinese and international journals.It revealed that the use of nominalization in abstracts by Chinese and international scholars showed similarities due to the universal academic requirement for conciseness.However,due to cultural and educational differences,each group differed in their respective language choices and nominalization usage.By analyzing the application of nominalization in different cultural contexts,the results of our study offered practical suggestions for crafting abstracts that effectively convey information,thereby,contributing to the broader academic community.

Metafunctions and stylistic features of nominalization

As an important feature of written language, nominalization is frequently used in formal texts. Using the approach of systemic functional grammar, the paper presents a detailed analysis of the three metafunctions of nominalization, which entails the positive and negative stylistic effects. The paper also discusses the relationship between form, function and stylistic features.

On the Generation of Nominalization and its Ecological Significance in Poetic Language

In consideration of the confused debates about the value of nominalization, this paper tries to explore the original generation of nominalization and analyze its use in poetry. This paper attempts to explore the generation of nominalization from a comprehensive point of view, to distinguish between ＂primary nominalization＂ and ＂ideological nominalization＂, to trace the root of primary nominalization, and to analyze the use of primary nominalization in poetry. Based on these analyses, this paper points out that primary nominalization in poetry is more consonant with the Green grammar, with the undivided, holistic ecological worldview and has ecological significance. However, the ideological nominalization in some other nonliterary formal style is an obstacle to the solution to environment problem, and so we should understand the function of nominalization with its contexts and pay more attention to poetic language.

Instruction of Nominalization by Applying Enabling of POA

It is noticeable that the academic papers written by Chinese English learners are lacking in academic features largely due to their poor ability to use nominalization.Therefore,the instruction of nominalization in an academic English writing course is badly needed.The author conducted onesemester-long instruction of nominalization to 90 non-English majors under the guidance of the production-oriented approach(POA).This research demonstrated how to apply POA,specifically,the enabling procedure to the teaching of nominalization.By triangulating the data of students’interviews,learning journals and written output,and the data of 4 teachers’class observations and interviews,this study found that the accurate application of the three criteria of effective enabling contributed to the improvement of the quantity and quality of nominalization in academic writing.

Nominalization and Endocentricity Revisited

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A Cognitive Study of Nominalization in Mandarin

Cognitive grammar does not differentiate nominalizations belonging to the syntax or in the lexicon.From the perspective of cognitive construal,nominalizations of verbs and adjectives involvethe alternate profiling of certain aspects of relationships while the nominalizations of structures and sentences are motivated by the conceptual packaging of events as entities on a larger scale.A new notion,ontologicalization,is introduced into the study as the cognitive mechanism underlying nominalizations on all levels.It is shown that nominalizations are not only pervasive but also theoretically significant in Mandarin,ranging from lexis to sentences.Nominalizations may take two different forms:affix-derivation and zero-derivation.de(的)is an important nominalizer in Mandarin in that it functions as a suffix as well as an infix with words,structures and sentences.

Developing Nominalization Awareness in Teaching Writing to Chinese Learners of English

Nominalization is one of the grammatical features introduced by Halliday and his colleagues in SFL （Systemic Functional Linguistics） theory. It helps create a style of writing with density, complexity, and abstract. For English learners, it is crucial to develop nominalization awareness in their writing. This paper first examines the main features ofnominalization in English; it then contrasts the writing style differences before and after the students were taught the features of nominalization and discusses problems found in teaching of nominalization. It finally provides some pedagogical implications for teaching writing to Chinese learners of English.

An Analysis of Nominalization in English News Discourse

Nominalization is a prevalent linguistic phenomenon in English, especially in written English, which tends to be characterized by objective, precise and solemn style. Based on Halliday's Systemic-functional Grammar Theory, here makes an analysis on nominalization and its three major functions in English news discourses.

Nominalization in the Translation of Chinese Medicine

Chinese medicine has not only made great contribution to the Chinese culture,but also generated positive influences on the world civilization.With China’s entry into WTO,Chinese medicine has been paid great attention.Nevertheless,the nature of the Chinese medicine language makes its translation very hard,particularly it is very difficult to deal with the phenomenon of nominalization when translating Chinese medicine into English.This paper explores how and why there are nominalizations in the English translation of Chinese medicine.

Functions and Translation of Nominalization in Business Contracts

Nominalization refers to the process of producing a noun from another part of speech or the derivation of a noun phrase from an underlying clause.In order to fulfill the specific analysis of nominalization in business English contract,a corpus has been created with typical contracts.Based on a self-built business contract corpus,aspects of English nominalization,including its frequency of use,meaning selection and discourse position and function,have been examined.This study has found that nominalization is one of the most important characteristics of business contracts,and English nominalization can function mainly to improve the conciseness,formality,objectivity,and cohesiveness of the discourse.Meanwhile,the different characteristics of nominalization require different translation strategies and methods.The findings of this study may have implications for the business English teaching and translation.

A Comparative Study of Adjective Nominalization in English and Chinese

It is generally recognized that nominalization, the use of a word which is not a noun as a noun, functions as a natural section of language, among which adjective nominalization serves as a requisite. This phenomenon can be frequently found in both Chinese and English. This paper comparatively studies adjective nominalization in the two languages, and discovers that the phenomenon in two languages shares similarities in syntactic functions, but differs in terms of the composition pattern in that formation in English is more various than Chinese, that is, in English it can be achieved either with or without the assistance of suffixes, yet that in Chinese is realized merely through zero suffixes.

THE STUDY OF NOMINALIZATION ACQUISITION IN CHINESE EFL LEARNERS

The paper focuses on the use of nominalizations in English compositions of Chinese EFL learners in college. From the research, we conclude that the cognitive capability of the students and the interference of their mother tongue are mutually responsible for the low use of nominalizations. In addition, the use of nominalization mainly reveals the learner's cognitive competence. Our suggestion on the teaching of nominalization, as well as English writing has been incorporated.

Assessment of corrected time-step method for nominal ionospheric gradient calculation: A comparative analysis with spatial approaches

The effect of ionospheric delay on the ground-based augmentation system under normal conditions can be mitigated by determining the value of the nominal ionospheric gradient(σvig).The nominal ionospheric gradient is generally obtained from Continuously Operating Reference Stations data by using the spatial single-difference method(mixed-pair,station-pair,or satellite-pair)or the temporal single-difference method(time-step).The time-step method uses only a single receiver,but it still contains ionospheric temporal variations.We introduce a corrected time-step method using a fixed-ionospheric pierce point from the geostationary equatorial orbit satellite and test it through simulations based on the global ionospheric model.We also investigate the effect of satellite paths on the corrected time-step method in the region of the equator,which tends to be in a more north–south direction and to have less coverage for the east–west ionospheric gradient.This study also addresses the limitations of temporal variation correction coverage and recommends using only the correction from self-observations.All processes are developed under simulations because observational data are still difficult to obtain.Our findings demonstrate that the corrected time-step method yieldsσvig values consistent with other approaches.

Guide For Authors

INTRODUCTION Types of Contributions Full-length/Research Article(Page limit:20)A complete report on original research,development,or application of control and machine learning methods.All the authors need to provide their biographies and personal photos.Submitted manuscripts should be nominally around 12 pages in Elsevier's double-column format,but no more than 20 pages(including bios and photos).

Guide For Authors

INTRODUCTION.Types of Contributions.Full-length/Research Article(Page limit:20).A complete report on original research,development,or application of control and machine learning methods.All the authors need to provide their biographies and personal photos.Submitted manuscripts should be nominally around 12 pages in Elsevier's double-column format,but no more than 20 pages(including bios and photos).

Data-Driven Learning Extended State Observers for Nonlinear Systems:Design,Analysis and Hardware-in-Loop Simulations

Dear Editor, This paper considers the disturbance/uncertainty estimation of first-order nonlinear system subject to fully unknown internal dynamic, external disturbance, and unknown control input gain.Compared with existing extended state observer(ESO) where priori knowledge of model parameter such as nominal input gain should be known as a priori.

Multi-Attribute Couplings-Based Euclidean and Nominal Distances for Unlabeled Nominal Data

Learning unlabeled data is a significant challenge that needs to han-dle complicated relationships between nominal values and attributes.Increas-ingly,recent research on learning value relations within and between attributes has shown significant improvement in clustering and outlier detection,etc.However,typical existing work relies on learning pairwise value relations but weakens or overlooks the direct couplings between multiple attributes.This paper thus proposes two novel and flexible multi-attribute couplings-based distance(MCD)metrics,which learn the multi-attribute couplings and their strengths in nominal data based on information theories:self-information,entropy,and mutual information,for measuring both numerical and nominal distances.MCD enables the application of numerical and nominal clustering methods on nominal data and quantifies the influence of involving and filtering multi-attribute couplings on distance learning and clustering perfor-mance.Substantial experiments evidence the above conclusions on 15 data sets against seven state-of-the-art distance measures with various feature selection methods for both numerical and nominal clustering.

A Comparative Study on Achievements in Negative Nominal Interest Rates Published in Literature in English and Chinese

Interest rates are the key to the resource allocations of financial markets.The frequent appearance of negative nominal interest rates(NNIR)may lead to a failure of the transmission mechanism and arouse system risks in the financial markets.Meanwhile,negative nominal interest rates is a new policy with no consensus reached by academia or policymakers.It is necessary to review the research results and promote consensus to reveal the nature and impact mechanisms of NNIR.Therefore,we retrieved original articles from the Web of Science(WoS)and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)published from 1999 to 2020 on NNIR to determine the characteristics of current research results from various perspectives and compare literature in English and Chinese of highly productive institutions and researchers,hot topics,evolution contexts,research frontiers,and ecological characteristics.There are three major findings.In terms of research ecology,the ecological structure of the top research institutions,both domestic and abroad,remains steady,but the structure of the researchers is not stable.In terms of a research domain,NNIR is studied from many dimensions,and the early established research domains still have long-lasting impacts in English literature.In contrast,Chinese literature mainly focuses on discussing applicable policies with no highly focused domain and research topic with great influence yet.Finally,the focus in both English and Chinese literature has changed.Since the original research framework is insufficient in explanatory power,literature in English is beginning to pay attention to the empirical analyses of practical policies,and Chinese scholars are turning to theoretical study to enhance the in-depth understanding of this phenomenon.Researchers in China should focus on collecting high-quality research materials and pay more attention to the progress of empirical research in English literature to improve Chinese research efficiency and quality and then promote research progress in China.

Guide For Authors

INTRODUCTION Types of Contributions Full-length/Research Article(Page limit:20)A complete report on original research,development,or application of control and machine learning methods.All the authors need to provide their biographies and personal photos.Submitted manuscripts should be nominally around 12 pages in Elsevier's double-column format,but no more than 20 pages(including bios and photos).

Shape Measures for the Distribution of a Qualitative Variable

There are several shape measures for quantitative variables, some of which can also be applied to ordinal variables. In quantitative variables, symmetry, peakedness, and kurtosis are essential properties to evaluate the deviation from assumptions, particularly normality. They aid in selecting the most appropriate method for estimating parameters and testing hypotheses. Initially, these properties serve a descriptive role in qualitative variables. Once defined, they can be considered to check for non-compliance with assumptions and to propose modifications for testing procedures. The objective of this article is to present three measures of the shape of the distribution of a qualitative variable. The concepts of qualitative asymmetry and peakedness are defined. The measurement of the first concept involves calculating the average frequency difference between qualitative categories matched by frequency homogeneity or proximity. For the second concept, the peak-to-shoulder difference and the qualitative percentile kurtosis are taken into consideration. This last measurement is a less effective option than the peak-to-shoulder difference to measure peakedness. A simulated example of the application of these three measures is given and the paper closes with some conclusions and suggestions.