用FIR滤波器-PPSV实现混沌和超混沌控制

利用数字FIR滤波器和正比于系统变量的脉冲反馈法（PPSV）的级联控制非线性连续系统中的混沌和超混沌。以实数Lorenz系统和复数洛仑兹－哈肯系统为例进行了数值研究。结果表明：FIR－PPSV级联控制法比仅用FIR滤波法或PPSV法更能有效地控制非线性连续系统中的混沌和超混沌，且抗噪性能比PPSV法有显著提高。

美国免疫实施顾问委员会的建议:PCV13与PPSV23免疫接种时间间隔

目前,美国批准使用两种肺炎球菌疫苗：13价肺炎球菌结合疫苗（PCV13）和23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗（PPSV23）。美国免疫实施顾问委员会（ACIP）建议,对既往未接种肺炎疫苗、≥65岁人群,以及由于潜在医学原因具有肺炎高危险性的≥2岁人群,接种1剂量PCV13后,可以接种1剂量PPSV23。两种疫苗接种的时间间隔,根据不同年龄、不同危险性人群和接种次序而有所不同。

磷钼钒杂多酸-聚邻苯二胺修饰碳糊电极示差脉冲溶出伏安法测定对苯二酚和邻苯二酚

在由磷钼钒杂多酸和邻苯二胺组成的支持电解质中,以0.100V.s-1扫速在碳糊电极上,于0.800～-0.800V范围内循环扫描20周后,制得磷钼钒杂多酸-聚邻苯二胺修饰碳糊电极。循环伏安法研究发现:对苯二酚(HQ)和邻苯二酚(CC)在该修饰电极上均出现了一对氧化还原峰;示差脉冲溶出伏安法研究发现:HQ和CC分别在0.140V和0.288V处出现二次微分溶出峰,两峰电位差为0.148V。HQ和CC的线性范围均为1.50×10-7～7.50×10-4 mol.L-1,检出限(3S/N)均为6.80×10-8 mol.L-1。据此提出了示差脉冲溶出伏安法测定模拟水样中HQ和CC,测得回收率在94.0%～106.0%之间。

Effects of the 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine on the Mortality of Pneumonia among Elderly over 70 Years Old after the Great East Japan Earthquake—PPV Vaccination Program in Iwate Prefecture, Japan

Objective: To estimate the efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) among the elderly, we analyzed the relationship between the mortality of the elderly for pneumonia and the vaccination rate of PPSV23 from 2008 to 2016 in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Study Design: The present study was a retrospective, observational, database study adopting an ecological design. The mortality for pneumonia among the elderly over 70 years old from 2006 to 2016 in Iwate Prefecture was calculated based on the data from the Japanese Vital Statistics. We compared the mortality rate (MR) of pneumonia among the elderly over 70 years old between the low-vaccinated period (LVP) (2006-2010) and high-vaccinated period (HVP) (2012-2016) using a Poisson regression model. Results: While the vaccination rate of PPSV23 among the elderly over 65 years old was 3.3% in 2010, it increased rapidly up to 40.7% in 2012 and reached 66.4% in 2016. The MR ratio of the total population during HVP to the average MR during LVP was 0.749. The MR of the total population during HVP was significantly lower than that during LVP (p Conclusion: The increase in vaccination rate of PPSV23 during HVP (2012-2016) may contribute to the decrease in mortality for pneumonia among the elderly over 70 years old in Iwate Prefecture.

23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中的免疫原性和效果

肺炎球菌是导致慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者感染性急性加重的主要病原体之一。世界卫生组织等权威机构均推荐COPD患者接种肺炎球菌疫苗,但肺炎球菌疫苗对COPD患者的保护作用尚存在争议。本文通过检索国内外截止到2020年7月发表的最新文献资料,梳理和综述COPD患者接种23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗(PPSV23)的免疫原性和效果,为制定我国应用疫苗预防COPD急性加重的免疫策略提供依据。