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Automatic Measurement for Fabric Surface Shapes with Two-Dimen-sional Fourier Transform Profilometry
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作者 徐增波 黄秀宝 《Journal of China Textile University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2000年第2期72-76,共5页
Two- dimensional Fourier transform profilometry (2 -D FTP) for data acquisition of fabric surface shapes isproposed. Phase unwrapping technique based on digitalweighted filter and reliability mask are employed. Ex-per... Two- dimensional Fourier transform profilometry (2 -D FTP) for data acquisition of fabric surface shapes isproposed. Phase unwrapping technique based on digitalweighted filter and reliability mask are employed. Ex-perimentai results of shape measurement for several fab-ric appearances are given. From the measured results, itis shown that this method can make up for not only thedisadvantage of the gray level image analysis which isonly suitable for simple structure and solid - pattern fab-ric, but also the low speed and high cost of laser dotscanning technique. 展开更多
关键词 FABRIC SURFACE SHAPES OPTICAL profilometry fou-rier TRANSFORM profilometry.
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Deep-learning-enabled dual-frequency composite fringe projection profilometry for single-shot absolute 3D shape measurement 被引量:15
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作者 Yixuan Li Jiaming Qian +2 位作者 Shijie Feng Qian Chen Chao Zuo 《Opto-Electronic Advances》 SCIE EI 2022年第5期33-48,共16页
Single-shot high-speed 3D imaging is important for reconstructions of dynamic objects.For fringe projection profilometry(FPP),however,it is still challenging to recover accurate 3D shapes of isolated objects by a sing... Single-shot high-speed 3D imaging is important for reconstructions of dynamic objects.For fringe projection profilometry(FPP),however,it is still challenging to recover accurate 3D shapes of isolated objects by a single fringe image.In this paper,we demonstrate that the deep neural networks can be trained to directly recover the absolute phase from a unique fringe image that involves spatially multiplexed fringe patterns of different frequencies.The extracted phase is free from spectrum-aliasing problem which is hard to avoid for traditional spatial-multiplexing methods.Experiments on both static and dynamic scenes show that the proposed approach is robust to object motion and can obtain high-quality 3D reconstructions of isolated objects within a single fringe image. 展开更多
关键词 fringe projection profilometry(FPP) phase unwrapping deep learning
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Nonlinear effect of the structured light profilometry in the phase-shifting method and error correction 被引量:3
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作者 张万祯 陈浙泊 +2 位作者 夏彬峰 林斌 曹向群 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第4期324-329,共6页
Digital structured light (SL) profilometry is increasingly used in three-dimensional (3D) measurement technology. However, the nonlinearity of the off-the-shelf projectors and cameras seriously reduces the measure... Digital structured light (SL) profilometry is increasingly used in three-dimensional (3D) measurement technology. However, the nonlinearity of the off-the-shelf projectors and cameras seriously reduces the measurement accuracy. In this paper, first, we review the nonlinear effects of the projector-camera system in the phase-shifting structured light depth measurement method. We show that high order harmonic wave components lead to phase error in the phase-shifting method. Then a practical method based on frequency domain filtering is proposed for nonlinear error reduction. By using this method, the nonlinear calibration of the SL system is not required. Moreover, both the nonlinear effects of the projector and the camera can be effectively reduced. The simulations and experiments have verified our nonlinear correction method. 展开更多
关键词 structured light profilometry depth measurement phase-shifting algorithm nonlinear effect
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DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT USING DUAL-FREQUENCY PROJECTION GRATING PHASE-SHIFT PROFILOMETRY 被引量:2
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作者 Yanming Chen Yuming He Eryi Hu Hongmao Zhu 《Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica》 SCIE EI 2008年第2期110-115,共6页
2π phase ambiguity problem is very important in phase measurement when a deformed object has a large out of plane displacement. The dual-frequency projection grating phaseshifting profilometry (PSP) can be used to ... 2π phase ambiguity problem is very important in phase measurement when a deformed object has a large out of plane displacement. The dual-frequency projection grating phaseshifting profilometry (PSP) can be used to solve such an issue. In the measurement, two properchosen frequency gratings are utilized to synthesize an equivalent wavelength grating which ensures the computed phase in a principal phase range. Thus, the error caused by the phase unwrapping process with the conventional phase reconstruct algorithm can be eliminated. Finally, experimental result of a specimen with large plastic deformation is given to prove that the proposed method is effective to handle the phase discontinuity. 展开更多
关键词 dual-frequency phase-shift profilometry projection grating phase unwrapping DEFORMATION
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Automated Phase-measuring Profilometry of 3-D Diffuse Objects Using a Single Phase Step Method 被引量:2
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作者 ZHAO Hong,SONG Yuanhe,CHEN Wenyi,TAN Yushan (Research Institute for Laser & Infrared Application, Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,CHN) 《Semiconductor Photonics and Technology》 CAS 1998年第1期25-30,35,共7页
The technique of phase measuring profilometry using a single phase step method is proposed.This method can automatically obtain phase value at each pixel by using a discret cosine transform algorithm.The method is abl... The technique of phase measuring profilometry using a single phase step method is proposed.This method can automatically obtain phase value at each pixel by using a discret cosine transform algorithm.The method is able to automatically recognize any position between depression and elevation on an object surface.Theoretical analysis and experimental verification are presented. 展开更多
关键词 Discret Cosine Transform Noncontact Optical Measurement One Step Phase-shifting Phase-measuring 3-D profilometry
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Urethral pressure profilometry in artificial urinary sphincter implantation: A case report 被引量:1
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作者 Ling-Feng Meng Xiao-Dong Liu +2 位作者 Miao Wang Wei Zhang Yao-Guang Zhang 《World Journal of Clinical Cases》 SCIE 2019年第23期4084-4090,共7页
BACKGROUND Artificial urethral sphincter(AUS)implantation is currently the gold standard for treating moderate and severe urinary incontinence.Currently,cuffs are chosen based on the surgeon’s experience,and adjustin... BACKGROUND Artificial urethral sphincter(AUS)implantation is currently the gold standard for treating moderate and severe urinary incontinence.Currently,cuffs are chosen based on the surgeon’s experience,and adjusting cuff tightness is crucial.The TDOC air-charged catheter has not been proven to be inferior to traditional catheters.We report how intraoperative urethral pressure profilometry is performed using a T-DOC air-charged catheter with ambulatory urodynamic equipment,to guide cuff selection and adjustment.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old man presented to our hospital with complete urinary incontinence following transurethral prostatectomy,using five pads/d to maintain local dryness.Preoperatively,the maximum urethral pressure(MUP)and maximum urethral closure pressure(MUCP)were 52 cmH2O and 17 cmH2O,respectively.An AUS was implanted.Intraoperatively,in the inactivated state,the MUP and MUCP were 53 cmH2O and 50 cmH2O,respectively;in the activated state,they were 112 cmH2O and 109 cmH2O,respectively.The pump was activated 6 wk postoperatively.Re-measurement of the urethral pressure on the same day showed that in the inactivated state,MUP and MUCP were 89 cmH2O and 51 cmH2O,respectively,and in the activated state,120 cmH2O and 92 cmH2O,respectively.One month after device activation,telephonic follow-up revealed that pad use had decreased from five pads/d to one pad/d,which met the standard for social continence(0-1 pad per day).There were no complications.CONCLUSION The relationship between intraoperative urethral pressure and urinary continence post-surgery can provide data for standardizing AUS implantation and evaluating efficacy. 展开更多
关键词 URETHRAL PRESSURE profilometry URINARY sphincter Artificial MAXIMUM URETHRAL PRESSURE MAXIMUM URETHRAL closure PRESSURE URINARY INCONTINENCE Case report
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Profilometry with Grating Projection Based on One-step Phase Shift 被引量:1
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作者 FAN Yun zheng (School of Physics and Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, CHN) 《Semiconductor Photonics and Technology》 CAS 2001年第3期189-192,共4页
An optical technique for 3 D shape measurement is presented. This technique, based on a deformed projected grating pattern which carries 3 D information of the measured object, can automatically and accurately obtain ... An optical technique for 3 D shape measurement is presented. This technique, based on a deformed projected grating pattern which carries 3 D information of the measured object, can automatically and accurately obtain the phase map of a measured object by using one step phase shift algorithm.In comparison with traditional phase shift technique, the technique is much faster, with the equivalent accuracy. Only one frame image is sufficient for measuring. Experimental result of typical object is presented. 展开更多
关键词 3-D surface contouring Phase shift profilometry of projected grating
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Effect of the nonlinearity of the CCD in Fourier transform profilometry on spectrum overlapping and measurement accuracy
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作者 乔闹生 邹北骥 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2013年第1期237-242,共6页
In Fourier transform profilometry (FTP), we must restrain spectrum overlapping caused by the nonlinearity of the charge coupled device (CCD) and increase the measurement accuracy of the object shape. Firstly, the ... In Fourier transform profilometry (FTP), we must restrain spectrum overlapping caused by the nonlinearity of the charge coupled device (CCD) and increase the measurement accuracy of the object shape. Firstly, the causes of producing higher-order spectrum components and inducing spectrum overlapping are analysed theoretically, and a simple physical ex- planation and analytical deduction are given. Secondly, aiming to suppress spectrum overlapping and improve measurement accuracy, the influence of spatial carrier frequency of projection grating on them is analysed. A method of increasing the spatial carrier frequency of projection grating to restrain or reduce the spectrum overlapping significantly is proposed. We then analyze the mechanism of how the spectrum overlapping is reduced. Finally, the simulation results and experimental measurements verify the correction of the proposed theory and method. 展开更多
关键词 spectra overlapping measurement accuracy nonlinearity of CCD Fourier transform profilometry
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Application of 3D Projection Profilometry in the High Speed Impaction Surface Deformation Measurement Research
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作者 Eryi Hu 《Journal of Signal and Information Processing》 2020年第4期103-115,共13页
In order to study the strength of the composite material plate problems, need to adopt a nondestructive testing method to obtain the specimen surface under the effect of high-speed impact regularity of shape. The proj... In order to study the strength of the composite material plate problems, need to adopt a nondestructive testing method to obtain the specimen surface under the effect of high-speed impact regularity of shape. The projection profilometry was used to measure the surface profile or the full field deformation. Furtherly, by using the Fourier transform algorithm, there is only one frame of captured image</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> which</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is needed in the measurement, so that it can be introduced into the high speed impaction procedure measurement. An experimental system, which was contained with an impact setup and the projection profilometry measurement part, was constructed for the impaction action characteristic research. The metallic impact object can be launched by a gas gun or a spin fan, respectively. The detected object </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> manufactured by composite materials. In order to increase the surface deformation measurement accuracy, the calibration method and the error was discussed with different calibration specimen. And then, the proposed profilometry measurement method is proved by the gas gun and spin fan projectile test. The surface deformation of the manufactured composite plates and fan case are measured in the impaction procedure. So that the impact action details can be described much more clearly than the traditional video monitoring method. 展开更多
关键词 Projection profilometry Fourier Transform Algorithm Deformation Measurement Impaction Monitoring
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Systematic Radio Telescope Alignment Using Portable Fringe Projection Profilometry
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作者 Joel Berkson Justin Hyatt +7 位作者 Nathan Julicher Byeongjoon Jeong Isaac Pimienta Rachel Ball Wyatt Ellis Jason Voris Diego Torres‑Barajas Daewook Kim 《Nanomanufacturing and Metrology》 EI 2024年第1期75-85,共11页
In 2019,the Event Horizon Telescope(EHT)released the first-ever image of a black hole event horizon.Astronomers are now aiming for higher angular resolutions of distant targets,like black holes,to understand more abou... In 2019,the Event Horizon Telescope(EHT)released the first-ever image of a black hole event horizon.Astronomers are now aiming for higher angular resolutions of distant targets,like black holes,to understand more about the fundamental laws of gravity that govern our universe.To achieve this higher resolution and increased sensitivity,larger radio telescopes are needed to operate at higher frequencies and in larger quantities.Projects like the next-generation Very Large Array(ngVLA)and the Square-Kilometer Array(SKA)require building hundreds of telescopes with diameters greater than 10 ms over the next decade.This has a twofold effect.Radio telescope surfaces need to be more accurate to operate at higher frequencies,and the logistics involved in maintaining a radio telescope need to be simplified to support them properly in large quantities.Both of these problems can be solved with improved methods for surface metrology that are faster and more accurate with a higher resolution.This leads to faster and more accurate panel alignment and,therefore,a more productive observatory.In this paper,we present the use of binocular fringe projection profilometry as a solution to this problem and demonstrate it by aligning two panels on a 3-m radio telescope dish.The measurement takes only 10 min and directly delivers feedback on the tip,tilt,and piston of each panel to create the ideal reflector shape. 展开更多
关键词 METROLOGY Fringe projection profilometry Off-axis alignment Radio astronomy Radio antenna
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High-speed three-dimensional shape measurement with inner shifting-phase fringe projection profilometry 被引量:6
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作者 Shichao Yang Hanlin Huang +3 位作者 Gaoxu Wu Yanxue Wu Tian Yang Fei Liu 《Chinese Optics Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2022年第11期78-84,共7页
Fringe projection profilometry(FPP)has been extensively studied in the field of three-dimensional(3D)measurement.Although FPP always uses high-frequency fringes to ensure high measurement accuracy,too many patterns ar... Fringe projection profilometry(FPP)has been extensively studied in the field of three-dimensional(3D)measurement.Although FPP always uses high-frequency fringes to ensure high measurement accuracy,too many patterns are projected to unwrap the phase,which affects the speed of 3D reconstruction.We propose a high-speed 3D shape measurement method using only three high-frequency inner shifting-phase patterns(70 periods),which satisfies both high precision and high measuring speed requirements.Besides,our proposed method obtains the wrapped phase and the fringe order simultaneously without any other information and constraints.The proposed method has successfully reconstructed moving objects with high speed at the camera's full frame rate(1700 frames per second). 展开更多
关键词 fringe projection profilometry high-speed 3D measurement inner shifting-phase dynamic object measurement
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Phase microscopy and surface profilometry by digital holography 被引量:2
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作者 Myung K.Kim 《Light(Advanced Manufacturing)》 2022年第3期1-12,共12页
Quantitative phase microscopy by digital holography is a good candidate for high-speed,high precision profilometry.Multi-wavelength optical phase unwrapping avoids difficulties of numerical unwrapping methods,and can ... Quantitative phase microscopy by digital holography is a good candidate for high-speed,high precision profilometry.Multi-wavelength optical phase unwrapping avoids difficulties of numerical unwrapping methods,and can generate surface topographic images with large axial range and high axial resolution.But the large axial range is accompanied by proportionately large noise.An iterative process utilizing holograms acquired with a series of wavelengths is shown to be effective in reducing the noise to a few micrometers even over the axial range of several millimeters.An alternate approach with shifting of illumination angle,instead of using multiple laser sources,provides multiple effective wavelengths from a single laser,greatly simplifying the system complexity and providing great flexibility in the wavelength selection.Experiments are performed demonstrating the basic processes of multi-wavelength digital holography(MWDH)and multi-angle digital holography(MADH).Example images are presented for surface profiles of various types of surface structures.The methods have potential for versatile,high performance surface profilometry,with compact optical system and straightforward processing algorithms. 展开更多
关键词 PHASE MICROSCOPY profilometry DIGITAL HOLOGRAPHY
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Fringe shaping for high-/low-reflectance surface in single-trial phase-shifting profilometry 被引量:1
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作者 Han-Yen Tu Ssu-Chia He 《Chinese Optics Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第10期34-38,共5页
This study describes a novel fringe-shaping technique developed to alleviate the fringe truncation problem engendered by the acquired saturated and/or weak fringe images from high-/low-reflectance surfaces of three-di... This study describes a novel fringe-shaping technique developed to alleviate the fringe truncation problem engendered by the acquired saturated and/or weak fringe images from high-/low-reflectance surfaces of three-dimensional(3D) objects in phase-shifting profilometry. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to perform the recovery of the truncated fringes with optimal fitting for compensation after single-trial acquisition. The results show that the proposed method improves phase recovery accuracy to accomplish 3 D surface reconstruction with only one set of phase-shifting fringes under different truncation sceneries. 展开更多
关键词 Fringe shaping for high low-reflectance surface in single-trial phase-shifting profilometry
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Integrated phase unwrapping algorithm for the measurement of 3D shapes by Fourier transform profilometry
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作者 Shuang-qing WU Yin ZHANG +1 位作者 San-yuan ZHANG Xiu-zi YE 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2009年第7期1018-1028,共11页
An integrated and reliable phase unwrapping algorithm is proposed based on residues and blocking-lines detection, closed contour extraction and quality map ordering for the measurement of 3D shapes by Fourier-transfor... An integrated and reliable phase unwrapping algorithm is proposed based on residues and blocking-lines detection, closed contour extraction and quality map ordering for the measurement of 3D shapes by Fourier-transform profilometry (FTP). The proposed algorithm first detects the residues on the wrapped phase image, applies wavelet analysis to generate the blocking-lines that can just connect the residues of opposite polarity, then carries out the morphology operation to extract the closed contour of the shape, and finally uses the modulation intensity information and the Laplacian of Gaussian operation of the wrapped phase image as the quality map. The unwrapping process is completed from a region of high reliability to that of low reliability and the blocking-lines can prevent the phase error propagation effectively. Furthermore, by using the extracted closed contour to exclude the invalid areas from the phase unwrapping process, the algorithm becomes more efficient. The experiment shows the effec-tiveness of the new algorithm. 展开更多
关键词 Fourier-transform profilometry (FTP) Phase unwrapping RESIDUES Blocking-lines Laplacian of Gaussian Modulation intensity
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Error-CompensatingFive-SamplePhase-Shifting Algorithm Based on Phase-Shift Error Estimation
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作者 黄文宇 龚建伟 陆际联 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2001年第4期337-341,共5页
A new error compensating five sample phase shifting algorithm which is insensitive to phase shift error is proposed to retrieve the phase distribution of a fringe pattern. It includes two steps. First, the linear ... A new error compensating five sample phase shifting algorithm which is insensitive to phase shift error is proposed to retrieve the phase distribution of a fringe pattern. It includes two steps. First, the linear phase shift error is estimated using four sample images. Then, the phase distribution is calculated with error corrected by using the phase shift error estimated in the first step. As the equations of error estimation and phase calculation are simple, this new algorithm is practical as well as effective. Computer simulations were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. Results of two other well known error compensating algorithms are also presented, which show the new algorithm is the least sensitive to phase shift error. 展开更多
关键词 phase shifting algorithm phase measuring profilometry optical measurement
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Characterization of the geometric properties of the sclero-conjunctival structure: a review
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作者 Laurent Bataille David P Pinero 《International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)》 SCIE CAS 2020年第9期1484-1492,共9页
To revise the peer-reviewed literature on geometric properties of the scleral-conjunctival structure in order to define their clinical relevance and the potential relationship between their changes and myopia developm... To revise the peer-reviewed literature on geometric properties of the scleral-conjunctival structure in order to define their clinical relevance and the potential relationship between their changes and myopia development or progression.A bibliographic search focused on the study of the geometry of conjunctiva and/or sclera as well as those studies evaluating the relationship between geometric changes in the scleral-conjunctival structure and myopia was carried out.Several studies have been performed with different diagnostic technologies,including optical coherence tomography,profilometry and Scheimpflug imaging,to detect geometric changes of the scleralconjunctival tissue in different physiological conditions of the eye,after use of contact lenses and in different ocular pathologies.Likewise,these technologies have been shown to be a valuable clinical tool to optimize scleral contact lens fitting.Future studies should investigate new potential clinical applications of such technologies,including the evaluation of anterior scleral changes related to myopia,as well as to define standardized clinical standard operating procedures for obtaining accurate and reproducible clinical measurement of the scleral-conjunctival morphology. 展开更多
关键词 CONJUNCTIVA SCLERA profilometry MYOPIA scleral topography
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Measurement of a discontinuous object based on a dual-frequency grating
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作者 乔闹生 蔡新华 姚春梅 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2009年第11期4881-4886,共6页
The dual-frequency grating measurement theory is proposed in order to carry out the measurement of a discontinuous object. Firstly, the reason why frequency spectra are produced by low frequency gratings and high freq... The dual-frequency grating measurement theory is proposed in order to carry out the measurement of a discontinuous object. Firstly, the reason why frequency spectra are produced by low frequency gratings and high frequency gratings in the field of frequency is analysed, and the relationship between the wrapped-phase and the unwrapping-phase is discussed. Secondly, a method to combine the advantages of the two kinds of gratings is proposed: one stripe is produced in the mutation part of the object measured by a suitable low frequency grating designed by MATLAB, then the phase produced by the low frequency grating need not be unfolded. The integer series of stripes is produced by a high frequency grating designed by MATLAB based on the frequency ratio of the two kinds of gratings and the high frequency wrapped-phase, and the high frequency unwrapping-phase is then obtained. In order to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis, a steep discontinuous object of 600×600 pixels and 10.00 mm in height is simulated and a discontinuous object of ladder shape which is 32.00 mm in height is used in experiment. Both the simulation and the experiment can restore the discontinuous object height accurately by using the dual-frequency grating measurement theory. 展开更多
关键词 dual-frequency grating Fourier transform profilometry measurement of discontinuous object phase unwrapping
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2- DFourier Transform Method for Optical Measurement of 3 - DSurface
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作者 QUShi-ming WANGYun-shan 《Semiconductor Photonics and Technology》 CAS 1999年第4期247-251,共5页
A method of 2-D Fourier transform used in 3-D surface profilometry is proposed,analyzed and compared with 1-D Fourier transform method in theory and practical measuring result.It was proved that the 2-D Fourier transf... A method of 2-D Fourier transform used in 3-D surface profilometry is proposed,analyzed and compared with 1-D Fourier transform method in theory and practical measuring result.It was proved that the 2-D Fourier transform method has more advantages over 1-D Fourier transform method in biggest crook-rate limits,accuracy and sensitivity of measuring.Study on measuring object surface details with large crook-rate changing accurately used new higher-power index low-pass filter of spatial frequency domain.A new method of automatic produced reference grating image and error-correcting is proposed.One undeform row of deform grating image is used to extend a complete reference grating image,and some error-correcting method is used to process the result to get accurate surface shape and the deflection of reference surface normal line deviated from the axle of camera.By this new method,one deform rectangle grating image is only used to get the 3-D shape accurately. 展开更多
关键词 Fourier Transform profilometry Low-pass Filter Reference Grating
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Structured-light Image Compression Based on Fractal Theory
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作者 yan Bao-li Yang Yu-xiao 《Semiconductor Photonics and Technology》 CAS 2002年第1期41-45,共5页
The method of fractal image compression is introduced which is applied to compress the line structured light image. Based on the self similarity of the structured light image, we attain satisfactory compression ratio ... The method of fractal image compression is introduced which is applied to compress the line structured light image. Based on the self similarity of the structured light image, we attain satisfactory compression ratio and higher peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). The experimental results indicate that this method can achieve high performance. 展开更多
关键词 Structured light profilometry Fractal image compression Adaptive quadritree partitioning
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Investigation of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Stainless Steel Surface and Their Effect on the Appearance Aspects of the Alloy Surface
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作者 Shilpa Vaidya N. C. Debnath 《Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology》 2019年第4期55-87,共33页
Stainless steel alloy SS-304 is widely used in many engineering applications primarily for its excellent corrosion resistance, ease of fabrication and aesthetic appeal. Many kitchen appliances are made from SS-304 all... Stainless steel alloy SS-304 is widely used in many engineering applications primarily for its excellent corrosion resistance, ease of fabrication and aesthetic appeal. Many kitchen appliances are made from SS-304 alloy because of its durability, ease of cleaning and beautiful finish. However, over the years of continuous usage and cleaning by detergent bar and abrasive clothes the initial brightness and shine of the plates and dishes undergo considerable degradation. In this work, we report the results of a thorough investigation of the physico-chemical characteristics of the surface regions of both new and old SS-304 plates of known history of continuous usage to identify the key physical and chemical factors that are responsible for the loss of shine. Several analytical techniques viz. SEM/EDX, AFM, XPS, XRD, Reflectance FTIR, Profilometry and Reflectance spectrometry in the visible region have been used for experimental investigation of surface structure, morphology, roughness profile, chemical composition and appearance measurements of several steel samples. In addition, glossmeter has been used to measure the gloss of the samples at certain specific angles. It seems that surface roughness is one of the key physical parameters that play an important role in the reduction of brightness and shine. The other parameter is the presence of a thin surface film on the steel surface. In order to analyze the experimental data and to predict the shine and brightness phenomena quantitatively, we have used Fresnel’s theory to compute first the reflectance from each component of SS-304 alloy assuming it to be a smooth surface and then extended it to compute the reflectance of the alloy surface (SS-304). In order to interpret the reflectance from old and used plates, we have further used Beckmann’s theory of light scattering from random rough surface to analyze and predict the appearance aspects of the alloy surface quantitatively. Both the experimental and computed results show good agreement, thus validating the reflectance model used for computing the reflectance from SS-304 alloy surface and the appropriateness of Beckmann’s model of random rough surface. 展开更多
关键词 Loss of SHINE in SS-304 ALLOY SURFACE SURFACE Roughness APPEARANCE Measurements SEM/EDX AFM XPS XRD Reflectance FTIR profilometry Reflectance Spectroscopy GLOSS Presence of Thin SURFACE Film Beckmann’s Model of Random Rough SURFACE
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