Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.Bupleurum is widely used in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver,and saikosaponin D(SSD)is one of the main active comp...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.Bupleurum is widely used in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver,and saikosaponin D(SSD)is one of the main active components of Bupleurum.The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of SSD in the treatment of NAFLD and to explore the mechanism of SSD in the improvement of NAFLD based on“gut-liver axis”.Our results showed that SSD dose-dependently alleviated high fat diet-induced weight gain in mice,improved insulin sensitivity,and also reduced liver lipid accumulation and injury-related biomarkers aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT).Further exploration found that SSD inhibited the mRNA expression levels of farnesoid X receptor(Fxr),small heterodimer partner(Shp),recombinant fibroblast growth factor 15(Fgf15)and apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter(Asbt)in the intestine,suggesting that SSD improved liver lipid metabolism by inhibiting intestinal FXR signaling.SSD can significantly reduce the gut microbiota associated with bile salt hydrolase(BSH)expression,such as Clostridium.Decreased BSH expression reduced the ratio of unconjugated to conjugated bile acids,thereby inhibiting the intestinal FXR.These data demonstrated that SSD ameliorated NAFLD potentially through the gut microbiota-bile acidintestinal FXR pathway and suggested that SSD is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of NAFLD.展开更多
Objective To investigate the anticancer effects and detailed mechanisms of Saikosaponin D(SSD)in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.Methods Cell proliferation and apoptosis were tested by MTT assay and Annexin-V/PI assay resp...Objective To investigate the anticancer effects and detailed mechanisms of Saikosaponin D(SSD)in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.Methods Cell proliferation and apoptosis were tested by MTT assay and Annexin-V/PI assay respectively.The expressions of CCAAT enhancer binding protein β(C/EBPβ)and p53 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results SSD inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis at the concentration of 5.0 mg/L.SSD significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of C/EBPβ and p53 in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion SSD exerts its anticancer effect by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis partly through C/EBPβ-p53 signal pathway in HepG2 cells.展开更多
目的探讨柴胡皂苷D调控CaMKKβ/AMPK信号通路,在功能性消化不良中对胃肠道Cajal间质细胞(Interstitial cells of Cajal,ICCs)细胞自噬的作用及机制。方法分离大鼠原代ICCs细胞,谷氨酸刺激构建ICCs自噬模型,免疫荧光检测Ca2+水平。将原代...目的探讨柴胡皂苷D调控CaMKKβ/AMPK信号通路,在功能性消化不良中对胃肠道Cajal间质细胞(Interstitial cells of Cajal,ICCs)细胞自噬的作用及机制。方法分离大鼠原代ICCs细胞,谷氨酸刺激构建ICCs自噬模型,免疫荧光检测Ca2+水平。将原代ICCs细胞分为对照组、模型组、模型+柴胡皂苷D组、模型+CaMKKβ抑制剂组、模型+柴胡皂苷D+CaMKKβ抑制剂组。透射电镜观察自噬体超微结构,ELISA检测Ghrelin和SP的水平,免疫荧光检测Ca2+和LC-3Ⅱ的表达,Western blot检测LC-3Ⅱ/Ⅰ、CaMKKβ、p-AMPK、Drp1、MFN2、IP3R和RyR的蛋白表达水平。结果谷氨酸诱导的模型组ICCs中LC-3Ⅱ荧光表达增强。柴胡皂苷D干预可降低Ca2+浓度,降低CaMKKβ、AMPK和MFN2水平(P<0.01),增加LC-3Ⅱ/Ⅰ、IP3R、RyR、Drp1、Ghrelin和SP水平(P<0.01)。柴胡皂苷D联合CaMKKβ抑制剂STO-609干预后效果更显著。结论柴胡皂苷D可通过CaMKKβ/AMPK信号通路介导Ca2+外流,影响ICCs细胞过度自噬及胃肠动力相关因子的表达。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (82222071, 82273990, 82104253)the opening project of State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNMKF202208)
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.Bupleurum is widely used in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver,and saikosaponin D(SSD)is one of the main active components of Bupleurum.The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of SSD in the treatment of NAFLD and to explore the mechanism of SSD in the improvement of NAFLD based on“gut-liver axis”.Our results showed that SSD dose-dependently alleviated high fat diet-induced weight gain in mice,improved insulin sensitivity,and also reduced liver lipid accumulation and injury-related biomarkers aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT).Further exploration found that SSD inhibited the mRNA expression levels of farnesoid X receptor(Fxr),small heterodimer partner(Shp),recombinant fibroblast growth factor 15(Fgf15)and apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter(Asbt)in the intestine,suggesting that SSD improved liver lipid metabolism by inhibiting intestinal FXR signaling.SSD can significantly reduce the gut microbiota associated with bile salt hydrolase(BSH)expression,such as Clostridium.Decreased BSH expression reduced the ratio of unconjugated to conjugated bile acids,thereby inhibiting the intestinal FXR.These data demonstrated that SSD ameliorated NAFLD potentially through the gut microbiota-bile acidintestinal FXR pathway and suggested that SSD is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of NAFLD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30771895)the Sci-tch Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2007K16-07)
文摘Objective To investigate the anticancer effects and detailed mechanisms of Saikosaponin D(SSD)in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.Methods Cell proliferation and apoptosis were tested by MTT assay and Annexin-V/PI assay respectively.The expressions of CCAAT enhancer binding protein β(C/EBPβ)and p53 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results SSD inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis at the concentration of 5.0 mg/L.SSD significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of C/EBPβ and p53 in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion SSD exerts its anticancer effect by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis partly through C/EBPβ-p53 signal pathway in HepG2 cells.
文摘目的制备维生素A(vitamin A,VA)修饰柴胡皂苷(saikosaponin,SS)a和SSd靶向脂质体并考察其体内外释药行为。方法以包封率为指标,在明确大豆磷脂CS-95、胆固醇琥珀酰单酯{4-[(3β)-Cholest-5-en-3-yloxy]-4-oxobutanoic acid,CHEM}及靶向配体二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇5000-维生素A(DSPE-PEG-VA)最佳比例的基础上,通过薄膜分散超声法包载SSa/SSd后,结合后插法将DSPE-PEG-VA搭载在脂质体上,构建VA修饰SSa/SSd脂质体递药体系(VA-SSa/SSd-Lips)。采用透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)、动态光散射法测定脂质体形态、粒径及电位;鱼精蛋白沉淀法考察脂质体包封率及载药量;2%兔红细胞混悬液考察VA-SSa/SSd-Lips溶血性;正常大鼠尾静脉注射(1 mg/kg)VA-SSa/SSd-Lips溶液、SSa/SSd-Lips溶液和SSa/SSd溶液后,在不同时间点眼眶取血,测定各时间点大鼠血浆中SSa和SSd的药物浓度,利用DAS 3.0软件计算药动学参数;小动物活体成像仪观测裸鼠尾静脉注射VA-DiR-Lips后体内荧光分布。结果VA-SSa/SSd-Lips平均粒径为(142.43±0.60)nm,聚合物分散性指数(polymer dispersity index,PDI)为(0.31±0.052),Zeta电位为(-14.15±0.74)mV,SSa和SSd的包封率均达90%以上;体外释放行为表明VA-SSa/SSd-Lips具有一定的缓释效果;体外溶血性评价表明,SSa和SSd由脂质体包载后溶血毒性显著降低;VA-SSa/SSd-Lips的SSa和SSd药时曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别是SSa/SSd溶液的1.53(SSa)倍和1.99(SSd)倍,生物利用度显著提高;VA-SSa/SSd-Lips的t 1/2分别是SSa/SSd溶液的2.46(SSa)倍和3.19(SSd)倍,SSa/SSd-Lips的t 1/2分别是柴胡皂苷a和柴胡皂苷d混合溶液(SSa/SSd-Sol)组的0.89(SSa)倍和1.25(SSd)倍。VA-DiR-Lips在活体成像中具有良好的肝脏靶向性能。结论本研究设计并构建的VA修饰脂质体VA-SSa/SSd-Lips的粒径、包封率、载药量及体内外释药行为均达到了本文的设计目的。
文摘目的探讨柴胡皂苷D调控CaMKKβ/AMPK信号通路,在功能性消化不良中对胃肠道Cajal间质细胞(Interstitial cells of Cajal,ICCs)细胞自噬的作用及机制。方法分离大鼠原代ICCs细胞,谷氨酸刺激构建ICCs自噬模型,免疫荧光检测Ca2+水平。将原代ICCs细胞分为对照组、模型组、模型+柴胡皂苷D组、模型+CaMKKβ抑制剂组、模型+柴胡皂苷D+CaMKKβ抑制剂组。透射电镜观察自噬体超微结构,ELISA检测Ghrelin和SP的水平,免疫荧光检测Ca2+和LC-3Ⅱ的表达,Western blot检测LC-3Ⅱ/Ⅰ、CaMKKβ、p-AMPK、Drp1、MFN2、IP3R和RyR的蛋白表达水平。结果谷氨酸诱导的模型组ICCs中LC-3Ⅱ荧光表达增强。柴胡皂苷D干预可降低Ca2+浓度,降低CaMKKβ、AMPK和MFN2水平(P<0.01),增加LC-3Ⅱ/Ⅰ、IP3R、RyR、Drp1、Ghrelin和SP水平(P<0.01)。柴胡皂苷D联合CaMKKβ抑制剂STO-609干预后效果更显著。结论柴胡皂苷D可通过CaMKKβ/AMPK信号通路介导Ca2+外流,影响ICCs细胞过度自噬及胃肠动力相关因子的表达。
