IN-SITU TIME-RESOLVED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF SILVER ELECTRODE IN NaSCN SOLUTION

In-situ time-resolved Raman spectroscopy(TRRS)has been applied on studies of electrochemical adsorption of thiocyanate at silver electrode during potential cycles and potential step.It is shown that some dynamic information about the adsorption and desorption processes can be obtained.

CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF HEMOGLOBIN AT PHENOTHIAZINE COATED SILVER ELECTRODE

Phenothiazine-coated silver electrode prepared by a simple reaction of phenothiazine with the metal is very stable and can make the reduction of hemoglobin possible.

Flexible carbon nanotube-enriched silver electrode films with high electrical conductivity and reliability prepared by facile screen printing

Flexible electrode films play critical and fundamental roles in the successful development of flexible electronic devices. In this study, carbon nanotubes（CNTs） were implanted into silver（Ag） ink to enhance the electrical conductivity and the reliability of the printed Ag electrode films. The fabricated carbon nanotubes-enriched silver（Ag-CNTs） electrode films were printed on the polyimide substrates by a facile screen printing method and sintered at a relatively low temperature. The resistivity of Ag-CNTs films was decreased by 62.27% compared with the pure Ag film. Additionally, the Ag-CNTs films exhibited excellent flexibility under a bending radius of 4 mm（strain ε = 2.09%） over 1000 cycles. Furthermore, the Ag-CNTs film displayed unchangeable electrical conductivity together with a strong adhesion after an accelerated aging test with 500 thermal shock cycles. These improvements were attributed to the AgCNTs interconnected network structure, which can provide electronic transmission channels and prevent cracks from initiating and propagating.

Application of silver electrode to the electrochemical studies of hemoglobin

Several aspects of the application of silver electrode to the electrochemical studies of hemoglobin have been discussed in this paper. The silver electrode could not only be used directly as the electrode for the electrochemical studies of hemoglobin, but also react with phenothiazine and benzimidazole to give stable and useful mediator-coated electrodes. In addition, the silver electrode could help sodium dodecyl sulfate to give full play to its promoting effect on the protein.

Time development of surface enhanced Raman intensities of the adsorbed pyrazine molecules on the silver electrode as the applied voltage varies

In this work,the time development of surface enhanced Raman intensities of the vibrational modes involving the ring skeleton and the C—H motions of the pyrazine molecule as the applied voltage on the silver electrode is shifted between -0.2 V and -0.5 V (vs.saturated calomel electrode)is reported.The observation shows that there are two processes of enhancement involved during this shift of applied voltage.One is vibrational mode dependent while the other is not.The detailed behavior of these two processes of enhancement is discussed along with the retarded response of the Helmholtz double layer structure to the change of the applied voltage on the electrode.

The Investigation of Oscillographic Chronopotentiometry at Silver Disk Electrode and Its Mechanism

A new method of oscillographic chronopotentiometry at silver disk electrode was investigated. By using it, a series of ions such as Pb, In, Cr, Tl, Bi etc. were determined. The detection limits are two or three orders of magnitude lower than those by oscillographic chronopotentiometry at mercury electrode. The proposed method is characterized by fine sensitivity, stable oscillogram and no mercury. The research on the mechanism of this method shows that these achievements are caused by the characterristics of silver electroxidation and electroreduction and the oscillographic chronopotentiometry (OC).

Investigations of Thallium(Ⅰ) Underpotential Deposition on the Silver Rotating Disk Electrode and Its Analytical Application

The cyclic voltammetry(CV) and the square wave technique were used for the investigations of thallium(Ⅰ) underpotential deposition(UPD) on the silver electrode. A solution of 10 \{mmol/L\} HClO 4+10 mmol/L NaCl was selected as the supporting electrolyte. The calibration plots for Tl(Ⅰ) concentration in the range of 2×10 -9 -1×10 -7 mol/L were obtained. The detection limit was 5×10 -10 mol/L. For the solutions of 4 0×10 -9 mol/L thallium added before the urine sample pretreatment procedure, the average recovery was 105 6% with a relative standard deviation(RSD) of 15 5%.

DETERMINATION OF SERUM ALBUMIN USING A SILVER ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE

In this paper is reported a new method of determining serum albumin with potentiometry. The silver ion selective electrode was used as working electrode and S. C. E as reference electrode. By controlling the ionic strength, PH and temperature constant, a good linear relationship was obtained between the cell potential and albumin concentration. This method .possessed characters-of operating simplicity, rapidity and directness. The samples could be detected directly and the results were in accordance with the values detected by classic K method.

A STUDY ON VOLTAMMETRIC BEHAVIOR OF INDIGO CARMINE AND ITS MIXTURE WITH AMARANTH AT MERCURY FILM ELECTRODE ON SILVER SUBSTRATE

The voltammetric behavior of indigo carmine at mercury film electrode on a silver substrate (MFES) was studied in this paper. It was found that indigo carmine gave a sensitive reduction peak at a potential (Vp) of -0.11 V at pH 4.0 in aqueous solution. The MFES gave good reproducibility and life time. The peak currents (ip) depended lipearly on the concentrations of indigo carmine free 0 to 100 ng/ml. The Vp and Ip of indigo carmine at MFES were independent of the concentrations of amaranth at pH 4.0, the Vp of amaranth was -0.24 V at this pH. The differences of Vp between both colorants enabled to distinguish indigo carmine free amaranth.

Voltammetric Behavior of Tembotrione Using Silver/Amalgam Electrode

Tembotrione is herbicide which belongs to the triketone group of herbicides. It’s registered as a selective, post-emergence herbicide developed for the control of a broad spectrum broadleaf and grassy weeds in corn. There is little information about tembotrione because of his short presence in the market. Due to its ever wider application, it is important to know the details of its chemical characteristics and redox processes, including biogeochemical transformation and migration after application to agricultural land, which could contribute to its efficient and safer application. In this paper we examined voltammetric behavior of tembotrione using Silver/Amalgam (Ag/Hg) electrode. For the investigation of electrochemical behavior we used the cyclic voltammetry technique, with conventional three-electrode cell and electrochemical workstation. During the experiment pH values of solution varieties while constant concentration of tembotrione was maintained. Cyclic voltammograms were recorded at pH values 6, 8, 10 and 12, at which tembotrione was electrochemically active. At this pH values two signals were observed. Optimum pH value, at which the current intensity was greatest, was 12. Obtained results provide relevant information on the electrochemical behavior of tembotrione, which can serve as a basis for the development of electrochemical techniques for the removal and degradation of this pesticide in the environment.

Surface charging activated mechanism change: A computational study of O, CO, and CO2 interactions on Ag electrodes

Electrocatalytic and plasma-activated processes receive increasing attention in catalysis. Density functional theory(DFT) calculations are state-of-the-art tools for the fundamental study of reaction mechanisms and predicting the performance of catalytic materials. Proper application of DFT-based methods is crucial when investigating charge-doped electrode surfaces during electrocatalytic and plasma-activated reactions. Here, as a model electrode for plasma-activated CO2 splitting, we studied the interactions of O, CO, and CO2 with the neutral and progressively charged Ag(111) metal surfaces. We show that the application of correction procedures is necessary to obtain accurate adsorption energy profiles of O atoms,CO and CO2 molecules on Ag surfaces that are under the influence of additional electrons. Interestingly,the oxidation of CO is found to shift from a Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism on a neutral electrode to an Eley–Rideal mechanism on charged electrodes. Furthermore, we show that the surface charging of Ag(111) electrodes increase their CO2 reduction performance by enhancing the adsorption of O atoms and desorption of CO molecules. A further increase in the absolute charge-state of the electrode surface is expected to waive the thermodynamic barriers for the CO2 splitting reaction.

Hot electron electrochemistry at silver activated by femtosecond laser pulses

A silver microelectrode with a diameter of 30μm in an aqueous K_(2)SO_(4) electrolyte was irradiated with 55 fs and 213 fs laser pulses.This caused the emission of electrons which transiently charged the electrochemical double layer.The two applied pulse durations were significantly shorter than the electron-phonon relaxation time.The laser pulse durations had negligible impact on the emitted charge,which is incompatible with multiphoton emission.On the other hand,the ob-served dependence of emitted charge on laser fluence and electrode potential supports the thermionic emission mechanism.

Single-wall carbon nanotube-containing cathode interfacial materials for high performance organic solar cells

Water/alcohol soluble cathode interfacial materials(CIMs)are playing important roles in optoelectronic devices such as organic light emitting diodes,perovskite solar cells and organic solar cells(OSCs).Herein,n-doped solution-processable single-wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)-containing CIMs for OSCs are developed by dispersing SWCNTs to the typical CIMs perylene diimide(PDI)derivatives PDIN and PDINO.The Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)measurement results illustrate the ndoped behavior of SWCNTs by PDIN/PDINO in the blend CIMs.The blended and n-doped SWCNTs can tune the work function and enhance the conductivity of the PDI-derivative/SWCNT(PDI-CNT)composite CIMs,and the composite CIMs can regulate and down-shift the work function of cathode,reduce the charge recombination,improve the charge extraction rate and enhance photovoltaic performance of the OSCs.High power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 17.1%and 17.7%are obtained for the OSCs based on PM6:Y6 and ternary PM6:Y6:PC_(71) BM respectively with the PDI-CNTcomposites CIMs.These results indicate that the ndoped SWCNT-containing composites,like other n-doped nanomaterials such as zero dimensional fullerenes and two dimensional graphenes,are excellent CIMs for OSCs and could find potential applications in other optoelectronic devices.