The Relationship Between Uncertainty in Illness,State Anxiety,and the Life Satisfaction of College Students During the COVID-19 Epidemic

Objective:This study aimed to explore the relationship between uncertainty in illness,state anxiety,and the life satisfaction of college students during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods:A cluster random sampling method was employed to select a total of 1522 college students from seven universities in China.The uncertainty in illness scale,state anxiety scale,and life satisfaction scale were used.Results:Uncertainty in illness had a negative effect on life satisfaction.Uncertainty in illness had a positive effect on state anxiety.State anxiety had a negative effect on life satisfaction.State anxiety played an important mediating role in the relationship between uncertainty in illness and life satisfaction-its mediating effect accounted for 17.43%of the total effect.Conclusion:A simple mediation model revealed that uncertainty in illness exerts influence both directly on life satisfaction and indirectly via state anxiety.Based upon these elucidated examples,several countermeasures and suggestions for life satisfaction are proposed.

Correlation between crowdedness in emergency departments and anxiety in Chinese patients

BACKGROUND Emergency department(ED)overcrowding is a severe health care concern,while anxiety and depression rates among ED patients have been reported to be substantially higher compared to the general population.We hypothesized that anxiety due to over crowdedness may lead to adverse events in EDs.AIM To investigate correlations between crowdedness in EDs and anxiety of patients and nurses,and to identify factors affecting their anxiety.METHODS In this prospective observational study,a total 43 nurses and 389 emergency patients from two tier III hospitals located in Beijing were included from January 2016 to August 2017.Patients were grouped into inpatients when they were hospitalized after diagnoses,or into outpatients when they were discharged after treatments.The State Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI Form Y)questionnaire was used to investigate patient and nurse anxieties,while crowdedness of EDs was evaluated with the National Emergency Department Over Crowding Score.RESULTS The present results revealed that state anxiety scores(49.50±6.00 vs 50.80±2.80,P=0.005)and trait anxiety scores(45.40±5.70 vs 46.80±2.70,P=0.002)between inpatients(n=173)and outpatients(n=216)were significantly different,while the state anxiety of nurses(44.70±5.80)was different from those of both patient groups.Generalized linear regression analysis demonstrated that multiple factors,including crowdedness in the ED,were associated with state and trait anxieties for both inpatients and outpatients.In addition,there was an interaction between state anxiety and trait anxieties.However,multivariable regression analysis showed that while overcrowding in the ED did not directly correlate with patients’and nurses’anxiety levels,the factors that did correlate with state and trait anxieties of inpatients were related to crowdedness.These factors included waiting time in the ED,the number of patients treated,and the number of nurses in the ED,whereas for nurses,only state and trait anxieties correlated significantly with each other.CONCLUSION Waiting time,the number of patients treated,and the number of nurses present in the ED correlate with patient anxiety in EDs,but crowdedness has no effect on nurse or patient anxiety.

Effects of aquatic exercise on depression and anxiety in ischemic stroke subjects

Background: Stroke ranks third and is the leading cause of permanent disability in western countries. Furthermore there are no treatments for the psychosocial effects of this pathology. Purpose: Analyse the effect of an aquatic exercise program in depression and trace and state anxiety in subjects who suffered an ischemic stroke. Methods: Two groups were analyzed: experimental group (EG) n = 15, 50.3 ± 9.1 years;control group (CG) n = 13, 52.5 ± 7.7 years. EG underwent a 12-week aquatic exercise program. Both groups were evaluated in pre and post- treatment using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Trace State Anxiety Inventory (IDATE). Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare moments and groups, respec- tively. Results: The BDI scores of aquatic activities were: pre-treatment, 17.4 ± 7.7 and 16.9 ± 8.6 for the EG and CG, respectively;post-treat- ment, 13.2 + 7.1 and 16.4 + 7.9 for the EG and CG, respectively. The IDATE scores for anxiety trace in strength training were: pre-treatment, 43.2 + 12.5 and 42.9 + 12.2 for the EG and CG, respec- tively;post-treatment, 39.7 + 7.1 and 42.6 + 12.1 for the EG and CG, respectively. The IDATE scores for anxiety state in strength training were: pre-treatment, 46.9 + 7.6 and 47.4 + 8.1 for the EG and CG, respectively;post-treatment, 44.4 + 7.9 and 47.5 + 8.0 for the EG and CG, respectively. Significant differences were found in pre and post-treatment values in the EG and between groups in the depression and trace and state anxiety levels in post-treatment (p Conclusions: Aquatic physical activity contributes to an improvement of the levels of depression and anxiety in people who suffered a stroke.

Relationship of Anxiety State with Lymphocyte Subsets and the Effect of Chinese Medical Treatment on Anxiety in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Objective：To analyze the relationship of anxiety state with CD4~＋ level and CD4~＋/CD8~＋ ratio and to observe the effect of Chinese medicine（CM） treatment on anxiety in chronic hepatitis B（CHB） patients. Methods：The anxiety state of 120 CHB patients was evaluated based on Hamilton Anxiety Scale（HAMA） scoring.According to the scores,63 patients with scores≥14 were classified to anxiety and 57 patients with scores14 to non-anxiety.The differences in CD4~＋ cells and CD4~＋/CD8~＋ ratio between patients with anxiety and non-anxiety were analyzed.Moreover,63 patients with anxiety were randomized into two groups：31 in the control group were treated with lamivudine（100 mg per day） alone and 32 in the observation group were given equal dosage lamivudine combined with CM treatment depending on syndrome differentiation,all for 12 weeks. The effects of treatment on anxiety state and T-lymphocyte subsets as well as its impact on some CHB-related indices were observed and compared.Results：The anxiety state of CHB patients was negatively correlated with CD4~＋ and CD4~＋/CD8~＋;the level of CD4~＋ in patients with anxiety was significantly lower than that in non-anxiety patients（P0.01 or P0.05）.After treatment,anxiety state in the observation group was significantly improved, with their HAMA scores significantly lowered（P0.01）,and the levels of CD4~＋ and CD4~＋/CD8~＋ were significantly higher than those in the control group（P0.05 or P0.01）.Moreover,the alanine transaminase recovery rate and the HBV-DNA-negative conversion rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,respectively（P0.05）.Conclusions：The anxiety state of CHB patients was related to CD4~＋ and CD4~＋/CD8~＋ levels.CM treatment could improve the anxiety state and showed certain regulatory effect on the patients＇ immune system.

Hepatitis C virus eradication with directly acting antivirals improves health-related quality of life and psychological symptoms

BACKGROUND Alterations in health-related quality of life(HRQoL)and neuropsychological disorders were described in the hepatitis C virus(HCV)patients.Although several studies investigated the modifications of HRQoL after HCV eradication,no data exists on the modifications of neuropsychological symptoms.AIM To investigate the effect of directly acting antivirals(DAAs)treatment on HRQoL and neuropsychological symptoms.METHODS Thirty nine patients with HCV infection underwent a neuropsychological assessment,including Zung-Self Depression-Rating-Scale,Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Y1-Y2 and the Toronto-Alexithymia Scale-20 items before and after DAAs treatment.HRQoL was detected by Short-Form-36(SF-36).RESULTS All HRQoL domains,but role limitation physical and bodily pain,significantly improved after treatment.Interestingly,after DAAs treatment,all domains of HRQoL returned similar to those of controls.Each neuropsychological test significantly improved after HCV eradication.A significant correlation was observed among each psychological test and the summary components of SF-36.At multiple linear regression analysis including each psychological test as possible covariates,Zung-Self Depression Rating Scale(Zung-SDS)score was independently and significantly related to summary components of the SF-36 in the basal state and the difference between Zung-SDS score before and after treatment was the only variable significantly and independently related to the modification of HRQoL induced by the treatment.CONCLUSION Neuropsychological symptoms strongly influenced HRQoL in HCV patients and there was a significant improvement of neuropsychological tests and HRQoL after DAAs treatment.

Guanxin Danshen Dripping Pills Improve Quality of Life and Cardiovascular Prognoses of CHD Patients after PCI with Anxiety or Depression(GLAD Study):A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of Guanxin Danshen Dripping Pills(GXDS)in the treatment of depression or anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:From September 2017 to June 2019,200 CHD patients after PCI with depression and anxiety were included and randomly divided into GXDS(100 cases)and placebo control groups(100 cases)by block randomization and a random number table.Patients in the GXDS and control groups were given GXDS and placebo,respectively,0.4 g each time,3 times daily for 12 weeks.The primary outcomes were scores of Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),Generalized Anxiety Scale(GAD-7)and the Seattle Angina Pectoris Scale(SAQ).The secondary outcomes included 12 Health Survey Summary Form(SF-12)scores and the first onset time and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs).Other indices including blood pressure,blood lipids,microcirculation and inflammatory-related indices,etc.were monitored at baseline,week 4,and week 12.Results:In the full analysis set(200 cases),after treatment,the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores in the GXDS group were considerably lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the baseline,the total PHQ-9 scores of the experimental and control groups decreased by 3.97 and 1.18,respectively.The corrected mean difference between the two groups was–2.78(95%CI:–3.47,–2.10;P<0.001).The total GAD-7 score in the GXDS group decreased by 3.48%compared with the baseline level,while that of the placebo group decreased by 1.13%.The corrected mean difference between the two groups was–2.35(95%CI:–2.95,–1.76;P<0.001).The degree of improvement in SAQ score,SF-12 score,endothelin and high-sensitive C-reactive protein levels in the GXDS group were substantially superior than those in the placebo group,and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Similar results were obtained in the per protocol population analysis of 177 patients.Three cases of MACES were reported in this study(1 in the GXDS group and 2 in the placebo group),and no serious adverse events occurred.Conclusions:GXDS can significantly alleviate depression and anxiety,relieve symptoms of angina,and improve quality of life in patients with CHD after PCI.(Registration No.ChiCTR1800014291)

Study on Effect of Anxious Emotion of the Female Who Enter IVF-ET Treatment Cycle on Treatment Outcome

Objective To detect effect of anxious emotion of the female who enter IVF-ET treatment cycle on treatment outcome.Methods Ninety infertilio, women who joined in IVF-ET treatment were collected and they were tested with the State-Trait Anxiety Form at the day entering treatment cycle, with State Anxiety Form at 1 h before oocyte retrieval and 12 d after ET waiting for blood β-hCG result.Results The average of trait anxiety score （38.5） was used to divide patients into two groups. There were significant differences in state anxiety at the first and second test points between high score group （39.9 ± 7.8, 41.5 ± 11.2） and low score group （33.1 ±6.9, 33.7 ±8.1）, but there was no difference at the third point. At three test points, the changes of state anxiety in high-trait anxiety score group showed no difference, but in low-trait anxiety score group there was higher level at the third point than at the first point （38.4 ± 10.6 vs 32.7 ±7.4）（P〈0.05）. Compared variables of psychology, the results demonstrated that trait anxiety, score of success group （β-hCG〉 25 IU/L 12 d after IVF-ET） was higher than that of failure group （40.9 ± 9.2 vs 36.8 ± 7.6）（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Trait anxiety, may be one of mental influential factors on treatment outcome.