An Improved Double-Threshold Method Based on Gradient Histogram

This paper analyzes the characteristics of the output gradient histogram and shortages of several traditional automatic threshold methods in order to segment the gradient image better. Then an improved double-threshold method is proposed, which is combined with the method of maximum classes variance, estimating-area method and double-threshold method. This method can automatically select two different thresholds to segment gradient images. The computer simulation is performed on the traditional methods and this algorithm and proves that this method can get satisfying result. Key words gradient histogram image - threshold selection - double-threshold method - maximum classes variance method CLC number TP 391. 41 Foundation item: Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (50099620) and the Project of Chenguang Plan in Wuhan (985003062)Biography: YANG Shen (1977-), female, Ph. D. candidate, research direction: multimedia information processing and network technology.

A New Regularized Minimum Error Thresholding Method

To overcome the shortcoming that the traditional minimum error threshold method can obtain satisfactory image segmentation results only when the object and background of the image strictly obey a certain type of probability distribution,one proposes the regularized minimum error threshold method and treats the traditional minimum error threshold method as its special case.Then one constructs the discrete probability distribution by using the separation between segmentation threshold and the average gray-scale values of the object and background of the image so as to compute the information energy of the probability distribution.The impact of the regularized parameter selection on the optimal segmentation threshold of the regularized minimum error threshold method is investigated.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed regularized minimum error threshold method,one selects typical grey-scale images and performs segmentation tests.The segmentation results obtained by the regularized minimum error threshold method are compared with those obtained with the traditional minimum error threshold method.The segmentation results and their analysis show that the regularized minimum error threshold method is feasible and produces more satisfactory segmentation results than the minimum error threshold method.It does not exert much impact on object acquisition in case of the addition of a certain noise to an image.Therefore,the method can meet the requirements for extracting a real object in the noisy environment.

Dual threshold search method for asperity boundary determination based on geodetic and seismic catalog data

As an important model for explaining the seismic rupture mode,the asperity model plays an important role in studying the stress accumulation of faults and the location of earthquake initiation.Taking Qilian-Haiyuan fault as an example,this paper combines geodetic method and b-value method to propose a multi-source observation data fusion detection method that accurately determines the asperity boundary named dual threshold search method.The method is based on the criterion that the b-value asperity boundary should be most consistent with the slip deficit rate asperity boundary.Then the optimal threshold combination of slip deficit rate and b-value is obtained through threshold search,which can be used to determine the boundary of the asperity.Based on this method,the study finds that there are four potential asperities on the Qilian-Haiyuan fault:two asperities(A1 and A2)are on the Tuolaishan segment and the other two asperities(B and C)are on Lenglongling segment and Jinqianghe segment,respectively.Among them,the lengths of asperities A1 and A2 on Tuolaishan segment are 17.0 km and 64.8 km,respectively.And the lower boundaries are 5.5 km and 15.5 km,respectively;The length of asperity B on Lenglongling segment is 70.7 km,and the lower boundary is 10.2 km.The length of asperity C on Jinqianghe segment is 42.3 km,and the lower boundary is 8.3 km.

Mammogram Images Thresholding for Breast Cancer Detection Using Different Thresholding Methods

The purpose of this study is to apply different thresholding in mammogram images, and then we will determine which technique is the best in thresholding (extraction) malignant and benign tumors from the rest breast tissues. The used technique is Otsu method, because it is one of the most effective methods for most real world views with regard to uniformity and shape measures. Also, we present all the thresholding methods that used the concept of between class variance. We found from the experimental results that all the used thresholding techniques work well in detection normal breast tissues. But in abnormal tissues (breast tumors), we found that only neighborhood valley emphasis method gave best detection of malignant tumors. Also, the results demonstrate that variance and intensity contrast technique is the best in extraction the micro calcifications which represent the first signs of breast cancer.

山洪灾害雨量预警指标分析方法评述与展望

山洪灾害预警指标是山洪灾害预报预警的核心,我国现阶段主要采用经验法和水位流量反推法确定雨量预警指标,并逐步推广应用复合预警指标法和动态临界雨量法。在系统阐述国内外常用雨量预警指标分析方法及其特点基础上,针对山洪灾害预警指标分析中需考虑的降雨时空分布变化、高含砂水流、泥石流及其他不确定因素影响问题,提出今后雨量预警指标研究方向。

基于贝叶斯正则化的多源/连续冲击载荷识别及试验研究

针对冲击载荷识别中存在病态矩阵求逆的不适定问题和噪声敏感问题,给出一种增广Tikhonov正则化技术的改进贝叶斯方法。通过引入小波阈值方法解决高噪声水平下多源/连续冲击载荷识别精度不佳的问题,在识别过程中自适应地确定最优正则化参数,并有效地剔除噪声对冲击载荷识别的影响。通过开展飞机壁板结构在不同冲击载荷和信噪比噪声下的数值仿真分析,以相关系数和相对误差作为评价指标,对比讨论了基于L曲线法和广义交叉检验法的Tikhonov正则化方法、贝叶斯正则化方法以及该文方法的识别效果,结果表明该文方法兼顾了曲线的光滑性与峰值识别的准确性,在20 dB高噪声水平连续冲击载荷识别时峰值平均误差不超过14%。开展了典型加筋壁板结构的冲击试验,验证了该文方法对实际工程中典型多源/连续冲击载荷的识别能力,峰值平均误差控制在18%以内,为解决工程应用中的载荷识别问题提供了有效途径。

星载微波部件微放电阈值的改进多粒子蒙特卡罗计算方法

星载微波部件的微放电效应是导致航天器谐振类设备失谐、噪声电平抬高、输出功率下降,甚至影响通信信道乃至整个微波传输系统彻底失效的瓶颈问题之一。在设计阶段对星载微波部件微放电效应进行精准的评估是减少地面反复试验,避免延误研制周期的重要手段。为了进一步改善现有蒙特卡洛方法的计算准确度问题,文中提出了一种精度更高的计算星载微波部件微放电阈值的蒙特卡罗方法,该方法对参与微放电过程的初始电子进行了动态调整,采用四阶龙格-库塔法推进微波部件中电子的运动轨迹,基于Furman模型描述电子与微波表面相互作用的二次电子发射过程,按照碰撞电子产生的实际二次电子个数及对应能量参与碰撞时刻后的微放电过程,该多粒子-多碰撞过程更加客观、准确地表征了微放电效应发生的物理过程。以平板传输线和同轴传输线为例,文中所提出的方法相对于已有的蒙特卡罗方法计算精度显著提升,同时计算效率优于商用CST的粒子模拟结果。

一种改进的行人航迹推算算法研究

针对行人在室内定位不准确的问题,提出一种改进的行人航迹推算算法。在步数检测阶段,提出一种基于运动分割的三阈值峰值检测法,实现了行人在不同运动状态下步数的精准检测。通过使用改进的Weinberg模型实现步长估算。并提出一种基于主方向假设的航向角修正算法,实现行人的航向角修正。最后综合步数、步长和航向角信息实现室内行人的航迹推算。实验结果表明,改进的行人航迹推算算法在室内有较好的稳定性,在室内的平均定位误差<5%,较传统PDR算法在平均定位误差上降低了9.53%,提高了行人在室内定位的精度。

融合自适应步长与地图匹配的智能手机PDR室内定位算法

针对经典的PDR算法中步长估算模型无法适应不同个体之间差异以及手机内部传感器航向角估算不准确的问题,提出了一种融合自适应步长与地图匹配的智能手机PDR室内定位算法。该算法在Weinberg模型的基础上,引入相邻波峰时间差函数以提高步长模型的适应性。采用双阈值法进行步频检测,并利用卡尔曼滤波优化地图匹配后的航向角,最终实现室内行人的精确定位。实验数据显示,所提算法总路程的闭环误差为0.58%,与仅使用自适应步长相比下降了73.29%,与仅使用地图匹配相比下降了59.21%,行程72 m的累积误差为4.484 m,相较于经典的PDR算法下降了28.21%。改进后的算法定位精度显著提高,且闭环误差和累积误差更小。实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的工程应用价值。

FaultMonitoring Strategy for PV System Based on I-V Feature Library

Long-term use in challenging natural conditions is possible for photovoltaic modules,which are extremely prone to failure.Failure to diagnose and address faults in Photovoltaic(PV)power systems in a timely manner can cause permanent damage to PV modules and,in more serious cases,fires.Therefore,research into photovoltaic module defect detection techniques is crucial for the growth of the photovoltaic sector as well as for maintaining national economic prosperity and ensuring public safety.Considering the drawbacks of the current real-time and historical data-based methods for monitoring distributed PV systems,this paper proposes a method for monitoring PV systems at the module or string level that can be achieved by monitoring only electrical signals.The approach doesn’t need a lot of tests to get the operational data of PV modules beforehand and only requires theoretical feature libraries of PV modules through panel parameter calculations.The present operating conditions and the open-circuit and short-circuit faults can be precisely identified by comparing the observed open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current with the corresponding data in the theoretical feature library.After that,by comparing the measured maximum power point voltage and current with the corresponding data in the theoretical feature library through the threshold method,aging and shadowing faults can be accurately determined.Experimental testing was done to see whether the suggested method was effective.The results show that the proposed technique is able to diagnose open-circuit faults,short-circuit faults,aging faults,and shadowing faults with shadow occlusion above 20%.

Extraction of LUCC with different methods and threshold value

The research of land use and land cover (LUCC) is an important aspect in the global change research. The goal of this study is to find methods of extraction of LUCC’s change outlined and change type from remotely sensed data. Take the country of Fengxian in Shanghai as an example, it was supposed two steps to finish extraction of LUCC information: the first step was to use different methods, which is used to outline change areas; the second step include methods of false composing of two-temporal and threshold value. Through combining two methods, a model rule is built and the LUCC product is obtained, four kinds of change type within the study area are given, and the results are obvious. Finally, the results support the application of the high resolution image and tasseled cap composition (greenness and wetness) in the specific regional too.

对称约束的类间方差阈值方法

为了提高现有最大类间方差法(OTSU)的阈值化精度和适应性,提出了一种对称约束的类间方差阈值方法。该方法首先对输入图像使用Prewitt算子构建梯度幅值图像,并根据对称性原则提取对称采样区;然后,基于构建的对称约束类间方差目标函数最大化准则选取阈值,并判断在此阈值下对称采样区是否满足对称条件;当无法满足对称条件时,基于对称采样区对输入图像进行对称修正处理,并应用对称约束的类间方差目标函数对修正后的对称采样区选取阈值;最后,使用最终选取的阈值对输入图像阈值化。在28幅合成图像和70幅真实世界图像集上比较了提出的方法与OTSU法及4种OTSU的改进方法的阈值化性能。实验结果表明,提出方法的误分类率在合成图像和真实世界图像上分别为0.0106和0.016,相较于阈值化精度第2的方法在误分类方面分别降低了91.4%和86.1%。提出的方法虽然在计算效率方面不占有优势,但它对不同模态的测试图像具有更稳健的阈值化适应性和更高的阈值化精度。

基于华东区域模式云南短时强降水客观预报技术研究

为提高云南短时强降水的预报效率和预报准确率,使用华东区域模式基础物理量数据,计算云南短时强降水发生前1 h 700 hPa相对湿度、700 hPa比湿、K指数和6 km垂直风切变,对短时强降水的历史个例进行物理量阈值训练和单物理量的敏感性实验,确定物理量阈值。使用阈值判定法,对华东区域模式实时预报数据进行后处理,得到基于小时雨量和物理量的云南本地化短时强降水客观预报产品。研究结果表明:使用阈值判定法研发的基于华东区域模式云南短时强降水客观预报产品能较好地预报云南短时强降水的落区和走向,但是基于小时雨量的短时强降水客观预报产品漏报明显,基于物理量阈值的客观预报产品能有效降低云南短时强降水的漏报率。

数字经济、文化距离与中国文化产品出口——基于39个贸易伙伴国的实证研究

本文基于2010~2021年中国与39个主要文化贸易伙伴国的面板数据,构建扩展的贸易引力模型,利用动态系统广义矩估计以及门槛面板回归的方法,实证分析数字经济与文化距离对文化产品出口的影响。研究发现:(1)数字经济对中国文化产品出口具有显著的促进作用,而文化距离则具有反向抑制作用;(2)异质性分析显示数字经济对不同类别文化产品出口的促进作用有所差异,其中对音像和交互媒体类文化产品促进作用最大,对书籍和报刊类文化产品影响不显著;(3)门槛面板分析显示,当中国与贸易伙伴国之间的文化距离超过门槛值后,数字经济对文化产品出口的促进作用由显著促进变为不显著促进。基于此,本文提出利用数字技术赋能文化贸易发展、突破文化距离限制、优化文化产品出口结构、提高数字贸易规则制定的话语权等若干建议。

遥感影像水体识别研究进展及热点分析

洪涝灾害是严重危害人类社会发展的自然灾害之一,从遥感影像中准确识别水体信息对提升突发洪涝灾害事件的应急处理、灾害预警具有重要意义,一直受到专家学者的关注。针对国内外专家学者利用遥感影像进行水体识别的相关研究成果,文章从传统方法以及深度学习法两大方面,对前人提出的水体识别理论和方法进行分析研究;在此基础上,利用文献计量的方法对水体识别当前的研究热点进行梳理分析,针对现存问题和当前热点对基于遥感影像的水体识别未来发展趋势进行了展望。

数字经济发展、FDI与碳排放强度

促进经济低碳转型和构建双循环发展格局是我国当前面临的重大焦点问题.作为助推经济发展的重要引擎,数字经济能否促进低碳发展?基于2011—2020年中国30个省份面板数据从投入、产出角度测度数字经济发展水平,运用Tobit模型和门槛模型实证研究数字经济发展对碳排放强度的影响及FDI对上述关系的调节作用.研究表明:数字经济发展对碳排放强度有显著抑制作用,且FDI增强了数字经济发展的降碳效应;数字经济发展与FDI对碳排放强度均存在单一门槛效应.本文为理解数字经济的碳排放影响提供了新的分析视角,也为促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型、构建双循环新发展格局提供了政策启示.

一种改进Canny算子的图像边缘检测算法

在移动机器人自主作业时,环境中往往存在障碍物,路径规划避障时要进行动态目标检测.Canny边缘检测算法可以与众多动态目标检测算法相结合,提高目标检测的效果.但是传统Canny边缘检测存在着自适应性不强,边缘检测可能不连续,或者检测虚假边缘的现象.本文提出了一种优化Canny边缘检测算法,通过改进的自适应中值滤波来预处理图像,对算法效率及对噪声点的处理做出了优化,紧接着增加梯度计算方向,最后结合改进的大津阈值分割法,提出了三阈值分割法代替原始的阈值分割法使图像边缘信息更加完整准确.仿真结果表明,该算法在边缘检测准确率上对比传统Canny边缘检测,Sobel算子与较新改进算法均有20%左右的提升,该算法优化了传统算法检测的连续性和准确率.

基于动态阈值分割法的接触轨图像关键特征点提取方法研究

在地铁系统中,接触轨的状态对于牵引供电系统的安全性至关重要,一旦接触轨几何参数超出正常范围,不仅会导致集电靴无法正常取流,进而影响运营车辆的顺畅运行,而且在极端情况下,还可能引发严重的安全事故。传统的接触轨几何参数测量方法在采集图像时通常面临背景复杂、干扰图像多等问题,以致检测数据量少、检测密度低,从而难以精确提取接触轨的关键特征信息。针对这一问题,文章提出一种新的方法,即结合动态阈值分割法、直线拟合以及投影计算的方式,有效解决接触轨特征点提取的难点,实现几何参数的精确测量。该方法不仅能够准确捕捉到接触轨的细微变化,还能够确保测量结果的可靠性和准确性。为进一步提高测量的便捷性和实用性,研究过程中同步研制出一套接触轨几何参数的便携式测量装置,并在地铁线路上进行现场应用示范,为实际运营中的接触轨状态监测提供有力的技术支持。

直埋热水供热管道泄漏定位检测实验研究

选用傅里叶滤波法和小波阈值法进行了管道泄漏信号降噪和泄漏定位的对比研究。在DN300管路的实验直埋热水供热系统上进行了泄漏检测实验,采用小管径支管和调节阀模拟泄漏点、加速度传感器测量声波振动信号,依次选用2种滤波方法对直埋热水供热管道泄漏的声波振动信号进行数据降噪处理,讨论了泄漏信号降噪前后的信号频域特征和定位精度。在北京市某小区直埋供热管道进行了声波降噪泄漏检测工程验证,定位偏差不超过1.0 m。研究表明,傅里叶滤波法和小波阈值法对直埋热水供热管道泄漏定位的声波振动信号降噪处理效果显著,小波阈值法保持了全频段的信号特征,可获得更高的定位精度。

基于分形理论的蚀变异常遥感解译——以广东阳山县为例

围岩蚀变异常是热液型矿床的重要找矿标志,运用遥感技术解译提取围岩蚀变信息是辅助地质找矿的重要手段。本文采用主成分分析法提取广东阳山地区Landsat-5的TM遥感影像中铁染和泥化蚀变信息,对影像中所提取的异常主成分进行“像元-面积”划分并统计像元个数,再将异常阈值进行分形非线性划分,得到更为精准的分级方法。门限法是基于突变点选择阈值进行等级划分,在提取蚀变异常的结果中往往会包含大量的背景信息,利用分形理论确定临界值进行分级减少了这些信息的影响。本次研究通过门限法和分形方法两种划分方法对研究区的蚀变异常进行对比,最后根据研究区蚀变异常信息的分形特征,利用求和方法对研究区的铁染和泥化蚀变异常信息进行分级。结果表明,相对于门限法,在遥感蚀变信息提取中分形方法加强了阈值选取的准确度,并发现研究区泥化蚀变与铁染蚀变主要分布于北东部及北部区域,其它区域小面积离散分布,这可为矿产勘查工作提供更好的技术支撑。