Cosine-modulated window function-based staggered-grid finite-difference forward modeling

The numerical dispersion and computational cost are high for conventional Taylor series expansion staggered-grid finite-difference forward modeling owing to the high frequency of the wavelets and the large grid intervals. In this study, the cosine-modulated binomial window function （CMBWF）-based staggered-grid finite-difference method is proposed. Two new parameters, the modulated time and modulated range are used in the new window function and by adjusting these two parameters we obtain different characteristics of the main and side lobes of the amplitude response. Numerical dispersion analysis and elastic wavefield forward modeling suggests that the CMBWF method is more precise and less computationally costly than the conventional Taylor series expansion staggered-grid finite-difference method.

Optimized staggered-grid finite-difference operators using window functions

The staggered-grid finite-difference （SGFD） method has been widely used in seismic forward modeling. The precision of the forward modeling results directly affects the results of the subsequent seismic inversion and migration. Numerical dispersion is one of the problems in this method. The window function method can reduce dispersion by replacing the finite-difference operators with window operators, obtained by truncating the spatial convolution series of the pseudospectral method. Although the window operators have high precision in the low-wavenumber domain, their precision decreases rapidly in the high-wavenumber domain. We develop a least squares optimization method to enhance the precision of operators obtained by the window function method. We transform the SGFD problem into a least squares problem and find the best solution iteratively. The window operator is chosen as the initial value and the optimized domain is set by the error threshold. The conjugate gradient method is also adopted to increase the stability of the solution. Approximation error analysis and numerical simulation results suggest that the proposed method increases the precision of the window function operators and decreases the numerical dispersion.

Design of NPR-Type Cosine Modulated Filterbank Using Combinational Window Functions

This paper presents the design of near perfect reconstruction (NPR) cosine modulated filterbank (CMFB). The prototype filter is designed by the combinational window functions. These window functions provide high side-lobe-fall-off-rate (SLFOR) with better far-end attenuation which suppresses the undesired inter-ferences occur in the filterbank. A linear optimization is used to minimize the error parameters. Design ex-amples have been included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique over the earlier reported work.

Analysis of PC6 window function using fractional Fourier transform

Fractional Fourier transform(FRFT)is a linear transform generalizing Fourier transform(FT)that plays an important role in the field of signal processing and analysis.FRFT contains an adjustable parameterα,which it rotates the signal in the time frequency plane and represents the signal in an intermediate domain between time and frequency.FRFT provides a measure about the angular distribution of signal’s energy in time frequency plane.FT is a special case of FRFT when angleαis equal toπ/2.This paper presents mathematical model for obtaining FRFT of PC6 window function.The different parameters of this window function are also obtained with the help of simulation results.A comparison of window function parameters is presented using FT and FRFT.Also comparison of this window function with Hanning window function is presented in terms of Side Lobe Fall off Rate(SLFOR).For different values of FRFT order,PC6 window function shows variation in different parameters.Thus by changing the FRFT order,the minimum stop band attenuation of the resulting window function can be controlled.

Parameter Estimation of Sub-/Super-synchronous Oscillation Based on Interpolated All-phase Fast Fourier Transform with Optimized Window Function

In recent years,with increasing amounts of renewable energy sources connecting to power grids,sub-/super-synchronous oscillations(SSOs)occurred more frequently.Due to the time-variant nature of SsO magnitudes and frequencies,as well as the mutual interferences among SsO modes with close frequencies,the accurate parameter estimation of SsO has become a particularly challenging topic.To solve this issue,this paper proposes an improved spectrum analysis method by improving the window function and a spectrum correction method to achieve higher precision.First,by aiming at the sidelobe characteristics of the window function as evaluation criteria,a combined cosine function is optimized using a genetic algorithm(GA).Furthermore,the obtained window function is self-convolved to extend its excellent characteristics,which have better performance in reducing mutual interference from other SSO modes.Subsequently,a new form of interpolated all-phase fast Fourier transform(IpApFFT)using the optimized window function is proposed to estimate the parameters of SsO.This method allows for phase-unbiased estimation while maintaining algorithmic simplicity and expedience.The performance of the pro-posed method is demonstrated under various conditions,com-pared with other estimation methods.Simulation results validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.

Wavelet Variance Analysis of EEG Based on Window Function

A new wavelet variance analysis method based on window function is proposed to investigate the dynamical features of electroencephalogram(EEG).The exprienmental results show that the wavelet energy of epileptic EEGs are more discrete than normal EEGs, and the variation of wavelet variance is different between epileptic and normal EEGs with the increase of time-window width. Furthermore, it is found that the wavelet subband entropy (WSE) of the epileptic EEGs are lower than the normal EEGs.

基于高倍过采样与加窗插值FFT的电力谐波分析

为提高谐波分析精度,分析了信号加窗引起的信噪比损失以及AD转换产生的量化误差,阐述了过采样技术提高信噪比的原理。在此基础上,提出了基于高倍过采样和加窗插值快速傅里叶变换(fast Fourier transform, FFT)的谐波分析方法。该方法充分利用AD转换器的潜力,以尽量高的采样速率进行AD采样,同时通过均值滤波避免高倍过采样引起的采样数据量激增问题。详细研究了所提谐波分析方法对信号中谐波分量幅值和相位的影响,并给出了简洁实用的谐波幅值和相位校正方法。仿真表明,所提方法可在不增加系统成本的前提下改善加窗插值FFT的抗噪声能力,提高谐波分析精度。

Effect of the Energy Window Width on the Estimation of Renal Function from Dynamic Renal Scintigraphy with ^99mTc-MAG3

Objective: The width of the photopeak energy window influences the image quality and quantitative accuracy of gamma camera imaging. We compared 20% and 15% energy windows in renal scintigraphy with 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3), especially in terms of camera-based quantitative estimation of renal function. Materials and Methods: Forty patients who underwent dynamic renal scintigraphy with 99mTc-MAG3 were enrolled in this study. Images were acquired simultaneously using two energy windows centered at 140 keV and with widths of 20% and 15%. Fractional renal uptake was calculated as the ratio of initial renal uptake estimated by patient imaging to injected dose estimated by syringe imaging, and was converted to MAG3 clearance using an empirical equation determined previously from data obtained with a 20% energy window. Relative function of the right kidney was also assessed. Visual evaluation was performed to compare image quality between the 20% and 15% energy windows. Results: Both total kidney MAG3 clearance and relative function of the right kidney were identical between the 20% and 15% energy windows. Image quality was also similar irrespective of the energy window width. Conclusions: The camera-based method established using a 20% energy window is applicable for the estimation of renal function using a 15% energy window, and data obtained using 20% and 15% windows are interchangeable.

基于自适应短时傅里叶变换的品质因子Q值估算方法

品质因子Q是描述地下介质对地震波吸收衰减强弱程度的参数,同时也是地层含油气性的重要标志。在地震资料Q估算中,常用的方法是短时傅里叶变换方法,当窗函数被选定以后,其时频分辨率就固定了。针对该问题,提出一种自适应窗短时傅里叶变换的方法,以获得更准确的瞬时中心频率,并利用峰值频移法来估算品质因子Q。首先,利用固定窗长的短时傅里叶变换来提取信号的瞬时中心频率作为初始频率;然后,根据初始频率自适应计算不同频率的窗长,并利用自适应窗长短时傅里叶变换来求取瞬时中心频率;最后,结合峰值频移法得到高分辨率的品质因子Q值。利用合成数据和实际数据进行了测试,结果表明,相比于固定时窗短时傅里叶变换方法,自适应短时傅里叶变换方法具有更好的时间和频率分辨率,可以获得更高分辨率的品质因子Q值。该结果可以为地下介质的研究提供更准确、可靠的工具,有助于更好地了解地下结构和油气资源分布情况。

哈密瓜物流堆码运输包装件共振传递特性研究

为优化设计缓冲包装件,以及减缓运输过程中由共振引起的哈密瓜贮藏品质下降,采用哈密瓜及其包装瓦楞纸箱作为研究对象,设置5层堆码高度,进行模拟运输变频振动试验,结合频谱分析加汉宁窗函数测定各堆码包装件的固有频率,随后进行模拟运输定频振动试验。结果表明,加汉宁窗函数有效提高了频谱分析精度,获得5层包装件的固有频率分别为9.88,54.75,10.06,10.31,10.42 Hz;10 Hz定频振动下,5层包装件的峰值加速度分别为5.99,3.18,6.37,6.56,6.81 g,振动传递率分别为53.61%,28.52%,57.07%,58.76%,61.02%;54.75 Hz定频振动下,5层包装件的峰值加速度分别为1.29,6.34,0.99,0.87,0.23 g,振动传递率分别为8.38%,45.04%,6.47%,6.04%,0.75%。研究为其他包装件寻求更精确的共振频率,从而为运输过程中有效避开共振频率,达到内装果品减损目的提供参考。

基于改进DWA的四轮差速移动底盘模型算法研究

针对四轮差速移动底盘在路径规划中遇到的局部最优问题以及目标不可达到的问题,提出了一种改进的动态窗口法(dynamic window approach,DWA)。在传统DWA算法的基础上对评价函数进行了改进,针对局部最优问题,引入预碰撞评价函数,能够使移动底盘在移动过程中提前避开位于移动底盘和目标点之间的障碍物以及凹型障碍物;针对目标不可达问题,改进航向评价函数的权重系数,将航向角评价函数权重系数设为随移动底盘与目标距离减小而增大的权重函数,能够有效解决目标不可达问题。改进后的DWA算法可通过新的评价函数规划出更为合理高效的移动路径。通过对改进DWA算法进行MATLAB仿真实验验证表明,改进后的DWA算法具有良好的效果,保证了四轮差速移动底盘良好的避障性能。

不同微创穿刺引流时间窗对高血压基底节脑出血患者预后的影响

目的比较不同微创穿刺引流时间窗下高血压基底节脑出血患者的临床疗效及对预后的影响。方法回顾性收集保定市第一中心医院神经外科行微创穿刺引流术的150例高血压基底节脑出血患者的相关资料,采集时间2020-01—2023-01,按不同时间窗将患者分为超早期组(于发病6 h内实施手术)、早期组(于发病6~24 h内实施手术)与延期组(于发病24 h后实施手术)各50例。比较3组患者手术情况,采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)及日常生活活动量表(ADL)评估治疗前后神经功能及生活质量的变化,并统计各组疗效及预后情况。结果早期组术后3 d血肿残余量明显(7.84±1.94)mL少于超早期组(10.23±2.56)mL与延期组(12.30±2.22)mL,且住院时间(15.02±6.13)d也明显短于超早期组(18.38±5.41)d与延期组(20.57±5.88)d(P<0.05);治疗后各组NIHSS评分均降低,ADL评分均升高(P<0.05),早期组各评分改善情况最显著(P<0.05);超早期组、早期组、延期组临床有效率分别为74.00%、94.00%、70.00%,早期组明显高于超早期组与延期组(P<0.05),但超早期组与延期组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组格拉斯哥预后量表(GOS)分级情况显示,早期组优于超早期组与延期组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论微创穿刺引流治疗高血压基底节脑出血疗效显著,但以发病6~24 h进行手术的效果更为理想,其不仅能加快术后恢复,缩短住院时间,还可在提高患者神经功能及生活质量的同时改善术后预后情况。

标准化小骨窗开颅术在高血压脑出血治疗中的应用价值

目的:分析对高血压脑出血患者采取标准化小骨窗开颅术的应用价值。方法:选取成都市第三人民医院2022年1月—2023年9月接诊的高血压脑出血患者80例作为观察对象,通过随机抽签法分两组。对照组(n=40)采取大骨瓣开颅术治疗,观察组(n=40)采取标准化小骨窗开颅术治疗,评价两组患者的手术指标及术后并发症发生率、神经功能。结果:观察组患者的出血量比对照组少、手术时间比对照组短、切口直径比对照组小,术后并发症率低于对照组,神经功能比对照组好转,对比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:高血压脑出血患者通过采取标准化小骨窗开颅术可缩减患者出血量及手术时间,减轻对患者的损伤,改善患者神经功能,该治疗措施具有临床应用价值。

基于改进型灰狼优化算法和窗函数加权的稀布矩形平面阵列天线综合

针对在阵列孔径、阵元数目、最小阵元间距等多约束条件下的稀布矩形平面阵列天线优化问题,提出了基于改进型灰狼优化(improved grey wolf optimizer,IGWO)算法和窗函数加权的稀布矩形平面阵列天线综合方法。首先,利用Tent混沌映射、非线性收敛因子、优势狼动态置信策略和对立学习策略对灰狼优化(grey wolf optimizer,GWO)算法进行改进,增加算法的种群多样性和跳出局部最优的能力。然后,利用窗函数对阵列单元进行加权,生成位置分布矩阵,减少稀疏矩阵优化时间,提高优化效率。最后,利用位置分布矩阵生成稀疏阵列,再运用IGWO算法进行多约束条件的稀布优化。为验证所提方法的有效性进行了仿真实验,实验结果表明,本文方法可以有效提高阵列天线的性能,降低峰值旁瓣电平,对于解决在多约束条件下的阵列分布问题,具有一定的工程意义和参考价值。

Theoretical analysis of adaptive harmonic window and its application in frequency extraction of vibration signal

The goal of this paper is to find an excellent adaptive window function for extracting the weak vibration signal and high frequency vibration signal under strong noise.The relationship between windowing transform andfiltering is analyzed first in the paper.The advantage of adjustable time-frequency window of wavelet transform is introduced.Secondly the relationship between harmonic wavelet and multiple analytic band-pass filter is analyzed.The coherence of the multiple analytic band-pass filter and harmonic wavelet base function is discussed,and the characteristic that multiple analytic band-pass filter included in the harmonic wavelet transform is founded.Thirdly,by extending the harmonic wavelet transform,the concept of the adaptive harmonic window and its theoretical equation without decomposition are put forward in this paper.Then comparing with the Hanning window,the good performance of restraining side-lobe leakage possessed by adaptive harmonic window is shown,and the adaptive characteristics of window width changing and analytical center moving of the adaptive harmonic window are presented.Finally,the proposed adaptive harmonic window is applied to weak signal extraction and high frequency orbit extraction of high speed rotor under strong noise,and the satisfactory results are achieved.The application results show that the adaptive harmonic window function can be successfully applied to the actual engineering signal processing.

基于加窗互相关函数的微动面波岩溶塌陷探测

文章利用微动面波成像方法对江西某研究区的岩溶塌陷进行探测:先针对微动信号的互相关函数进行窗函数优化处理,提高数据信噪比,改善微动面波的频散能量谱分辨率;再对研究区各组虚源面波记录进行频散曲线提取和反演处理,获得测线上各点的横波速度结构;最后联合各测点反演结果生成测线下方的横波速度剖面,并结合钻孔资料进行地质解释,成功揭示区内岩溶塌陷的分布位置及深度。结果表明:(1)互相关函数计算时的窗函数选取将影响频散能量谱的分辨率,在微动数据处理时应进行窗函数测试;(2)对互相关函数进行加窗处理和优化,可有效提高微动面波的信噪比和频散能量谱的分辨率,拓宽频散曲线的频带范围,提高反演的准确性;(3)微动面波技术在岩溶塌陷探测中具有较好的应用效果,结合加窗函数优化处理能更准确确定地下危害体的范围。

基于自适应组合窗函数的SPWVD算法及应用研究

针对平滑伪Wigller-Ville分布(Smoothing Pseudo-Winger-Ville distribution,SPWVD)在处理不同信号时,需要采用对应的平滑窗参数才能达到最优时频分布的问题,提出了一种基于自适应组合窗函数的SPWVD算法。该算法将Rényi熵作为时频评价指标,以组合窗函数的窗长和系数作为参数库,提出将随机梯度下降和扰动随机梯度下降分别用于窗长和系数的选取,提升计算速度分别为遍历法的20倍和9倍,最终得到信号的最优时频图。将上述的改进方法应用于碳纤维复合材料的缺陷检测中,结果表明,自适应组合窗函数的SPWVD可以有效地对不同信号选取最优的窗函数参数,对比固定窗函数的SPWVD,自适应组合窗函数的SPWVD具有更好的时频聚集效果,更加完备地对信号进行了表征,并对缺陷进行了定量分析,具备缺陷检测的良好应用前景。

Windows9X下PC机与变频器的串行通信

介绍了在 Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ ９ｘ环境下，利用动态链接库技术，将Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ ＡＰＩ通信函数封装于动态链接库中，以适应ＰＣ机与变频器之间的串行通信。

重叠加窗下卫星直序扩频通信干扰非线性抑制方法

由于离散傅里叶变换是通过对整个窗口内的信号进行频域变换,如果信号在窗口的两端产生不连续性,会导致频谱泄漏。而重叠加窗技术能够通过窗口的重叠部分来平滑信号,在不同时间窗口之间实现平滑过渡,减小频率泄漏和旁瓣效应的影响。因此,为提高通信性能,文中研究重叠加窗下卫星直序扩频通信干扰非线性抑制方法。将卫星直序扩频通信信号分成两路,通过改进升余弦窗函数,分别进行1/2重叠加窗处理;利用调制离散傅里叶变换算法变换加窗后的两路扩频通信时域信号,得到频域信号;采用自适应门限干扰检测算法非线性干扰抑制两路频域信号;由改进自适应幅度恢复非对称算法还原抑制后的频域信号,并对其进行逆变换处理,得到时域信号;按照1/2重叠加窗思想,融合两路时域信号,完成通信干扰非线性抑制。实验结果证明:该方法可有效重叠加窗处理卫星直序扩频通信时域信号,避免了旁瓣效应的影响,准确地抑制了卫星直序扩频通信干扰。

Windows CE.NET环境下的流接口驱动程序开发

针对在WindowsCE.NET环境下进行驱动程序设计的难点及其设计时的具体特点和要求,主要介绍了基于WindowsCE的两种驱动模型,即本机驱动程序和流接口驱动程序,并重点对流接口驱动程序开发方法的4个方面进行了较为详细的探讨和描述。进而,以串行接口为例,给出了具体的开发过程和部分源代码,以便于在此基础上举一反三、有效地进行其他多种类型接口程序的开发及更为深入的研究。