Genesis of the Gold Deposit in the Indus-Yarlung Tsangpo Suture Zone,Southern Tibet:Evidence from Geological and Geochemical Data

The Nianzha gold deposit, located in the central section of the Indus-Yarlung Tsangpo suture （IYS） zone in southern Tibet, is a large gold deposit （Au reserves of 25 tons with average grade of 3.08 g/t） controlled by a E-W striking fault that developed during the main stage of Indo-Asian collision （-65-41 Ma）. The main orebody is 1760 m long and 5.15 m thick, and occurs in a fracture zone bordered by Cretaceous diorite in the hanging wall to the north and the Renbu tectonic melange in the footwall to the south. High-grade mineralization occurs in a fracture zone between diorite and ultramafic rock in the Renbu tectonic melange. The wall-rock alteration is characterized by silicification in the fracture zone, serpentinization and the formation of talc and magnesite in the uitramafic unit, and chloritization and the formation of epidote and calcite in diorite. Quartz veins associated with Au mineralization can be divided into three stages. Fluid inclusion data indicate that the deposit formed from H20-NaCl-organic gas fluids that homogenize at temperatures of 203℃-347℃ and have salinities of 0.35wt%-17.17wt% NaCI equivalent. The quartz veins yield δ18Ofluid values of 0.15‰-10.45‰, low δDv-SMow values （-173%o to -96%o）, and the δ13C values of-17.6‰ to -4.7‰, indicating the ore-forming fluids were a mix of metamorphic and sedimentary orogenic fluids with the addition of some meteoric and mantle-derived fluids. The pyrite within the diorite has δ34SV-CDT values of -2.9‰-1.9‰（average -1.1‰）, 206pb/204pb values of 18.47- 18.64, 207pb/204pb values of 15.64-15.74, and 208pb/204pb values of 38.71-39.27, all of which are indicative of the derivation of S and other ore-forming elements from deep in the mantle. The presence of the Nianzha, Bangbu, and Mayum gold deposits within the IYS zone indicates that this area is highly prospective for large orogenic gold deposits. We identified three types of mineralization within the IYS, namely Bangbu-type accretionary, Mayum-type microcontinent, and Nianzha-type ophiolite-associated orogenic Au deposits. The three types formed at different depths in an aeeretionary orogenic tectonic setting. The Bangbu type was formed at the deepest level and the Nianzha type at the shallowest.

Tectonics and Seismicity of the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon Region

The Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon region is located in the frontal zone of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, where neo-tectonics and seismicity are intensive and closely related to each other. In the region, two sets of fault structures have developed, striking NNE-NE and NWW-NW, respectively. Investigation shows that they differ markedly in terms of scope, property, active times and intensity. The NWW-NW trending faults are large in size, and most are thrust and thrust strike-slip faults, formed in earlier times. The NEE-NE-strike faults are relatively small in size individually, with concentrated distribution, constituting the NNE-trending shear extensional fault zone, which is relatively younger with evident late Quaternary activities. Strong earthquakes occur mainly in the areas or zones of intensive differential movement of the Himalayas, e.g. along the deep and large fault zones around the crustal blocks. Most earthquakes of M≥7.0 are closely related to tectonics, where large-scale Holocene active faults are distributed with complicated fault geometry, or the faults of multiple directions intersect. Among them, earthquakes of M≥7.5 have occurred on the NW and NE-trending faults with a greater strike-slip component in the fault tectonic zones.

Population dynamics and habitat use of the Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin, Tibet, China

Background:The Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis)is an internationally threatened crane living on the plateau, mainly in winter, in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin in Tibet,western China. In the past five years,some economic development projects have been conducted in this area,posing potential threats to the wintering populations of the cranes and their habitats. Therefore, the current population dynamics of wintering Black-necked Cranes and habitat suitability in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin were investigated. Methods: Twenty counties were surveyed using the line transect method in December 2017 and January 2018, and we recorded the location,flock size,number of individuals,habitat types and presence of human disturbance in which they occurred.We compared the results from the middle wintering period in this survey with those from 2014. Results: The highest number of cranes recorded was 8291,and the results showed that the cranes were mainly distributed in Lhaze, Namling, Samzhubze, and Lhunzub.A total of 577 and 495 flocks were recorded in the early and middle wintering periods, respectively. In the early wintering period,there were signi ficant differences in the number of individuals across the di fferent habitats,with crop stubble land and plowed land representing more than 30% of the total habitat utilization.In the middle wintering period, there were also signi ficant differences in the number of individuals, and the utilization of crop stubble land represented over 60% of the total. Conclusions: Wintering Black-necked Cranes mainly fed on spilled grains in stubble habitat after harvest. In the middle wintering period, some of the farmlands were plowed and irrigated,which resulted in food shortages in these areas,and the cranes tended to gather in mixed flocks of large size instead of as a single family.There were still considerable regional wintering populations decreases in Quxu,Nedong,and Sakya in 2018 compared with 2014,and these decreases were mainly due to some recently emerging threats,including farmlands being converted into areas of greenhouse cultivation,highway and railway construction, river dredging,the rapid development of the manufacturing and mining industries,and the lack of protection of important wintering sites.

Geochronology and petrogenesis of the mafic dykes from the Purang ophiolite:Implications for evolution of the western Yarlung-Tsangpo suture zone,southwestern Tibet

The>2000 km Indus-Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone(IYSZ)is composed of the Neo-tethys oceanic remnants,flysch units and related continental rocks,which has been regarded as the boundary between the Eurasian and Indian terranes.Among the ophiolitic complexes,the Purang ophiolite is the biggest massif in the IYSZ,and many studies have been conducted on this ophiolite.However,previous studies have mainly focused on harzburgite,clinopyroxenite and dunite.Field observations show that mafic dykes were emplaced within the Purang ophiolite.However,petrogenetic evolutions of those mafic dykes are poorly understood.In this study,we present new LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results,whole-rock geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Hf isotope analyses for microgabbro,gabbro and dolerite dykes from the Purang ophiolite of the southwestern IYSZ,respectively.Three samples yielded zircon U-Pb ages of144.2±2.1 Ma.127.9±2.3 Ma and 126.5±0.42 Ma,suggesting two different phases of magmatic activities distinctly.Whole-rock geochemical results suggest that the gabbro samples show alkaline features marked by enrichments of light rare earth elements(LREE)and large-ion lithophile elements(LILE),as well as Nb-Ta elements,suggesting an oceanic island basalt-like(OIB-like)geochemical affinity.However,the dolerite and microgabbro samples demonstrate sub-alkaline characteristics with normal mid-oceanic ridge basalt-like(N-MORB-like)geochemical features.Three distinct mafic dykes show significant Rb element depletion.The geochemical data and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic features suggest that the microgabbro and gabbro rocks were derived from a depleted mantle that had been metasomatized by partial melts of sediments and enriched slab-derived fluids.The dolerite was also originated from a depleted mantle marked by significantly depleted Sr-Nd-Hf compositions,which was not influenced by enriched slab-derived fluids and sediments contamination during subsequent evolution.The isotope and geochemical data and tectonic diagrams suggest a tectonic transition from a within-plate to a midoceanic ridge basalt-like(MORB-like)setting during the period from ca.144 Ma to 127 Ma.Combined with regional background and this study,we propose that these mafic dykes were formed in an oceanic back-arc basin setting.Additionally,integrated with previous studies,we suggest that the geodynamic evolution of the southwestern and central parts of the Neo-Tethys oceanic basin is comparable in Early Cretaceous.

Analysis of the Water Environmental Capacity of Zhongba-Nyingchi Section of the Yarlung Tsangpo River

The Yarlung Tsangpo River,the longest river in Tibet,houses most of the population and economy in Tibet Autonomous province.Under the rapid development of economy and society in Tibet,the pollution in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin has rapidly increased.Evaluating water quality and water environmental capacity is needed for water resource management in Tibet.This study used a single factor evaluation method to evaluate water quality of the Zhongba-Nyingchi section of the Yarlung Tsangpo River based on measured data of CODcr, NH3-N and TP in the study area.Based on these data,determinations of ideal water environmental capacity, emissions of pollutants and remaining water environmental capacity of the study area were made by a one-dimensional steady water quality model under either section-head control or cross-section control.The data indicate that most of the monitoring sections in the study area experienced good water quality.The three pollutants all had large remaining water environmental capacity generally,but TP exceeded state levels in the two upstream functional areas,and levels above state standards of CODcr and TP were found in several calculation cells of the two downstream functional areas.Therefore,emissions of pollutants need to be reduced to protect the water environment quality of the Yarlung Tsangpo River.

OCEANIC DEPOSITS IN THE YARLUNG—TSANGPO SUTURE ZONE: STRUCTURAL SETTING, RADIOLARIAN AGES AND THEIR TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS

The Yarlung—Tsangpo Suture Zone, the youngest in Tibet, marks a site of collision of the Eurasia continent and Indian subcontinent. It is characterised by a discontinuous line of ophiolitic bodies in southern Tibet and beyond. Fragments of Tethyan oceanic pelagic and hemipelagic deposits are distributed along the suture. These oceanic deposits occur in two distinctive tectonic settings: (1) above the ophiolite and (2) in fragments of an accretionary wedge that lies to the south of the ophiolite.Supra\|ophiolite sequences, examined at several localities, are mostly made up of chert and siliceous mudstones and display varied lithostratigraphy. Sections are thin, have different degrees of completeness and are truncated at their tops. Most of them are in undisturbed stratigraphic contact with underlying pillow lava or pillow breccia. Previously the cherts above the ophiolite in this area were dated as late Albian\|possibly early Cenomanian (Marcoux et al., 1982) or early Cenomanian (Wu, 1986). Our investigation reveals Aptian radiolarian fossils in the cherts and siliceous mudstones. The oldest radiolarians, late Barremian, occur in chert at the base of the Qunrang section. This allows reassessment of the timing of eruption of Xigaze ophiolite basalts to during, or before, the late Barremian—early Aptian.

雅鲁藏布江中游末端河段洲滩的时空变化特征

扎西绕登乡-派镇河段位于雅鲁藏布江中游末端,是中游宽谷最后一段典型的辫状河道,其洲滩演变对当地生态有重要的影响。基于1986-2022年21幅11月的Landsat遥感影像,提取并统计了雅鲁藏布江中游末端扎西绕登乡-派镇辫状河段内洲滩的特征参数,并结合洲滩的形态指数和破碎度指数对洲滩的面积特征和平面形态变化进行了分析。结果表明:研究河段内80%的洲滩面积小于1 km^(2),且洲滩面积差异较大。1986-2022年间,洲滩的数量及洲滩面积整体变幅不大。雅鲁藏布江干流与尼洋河汇合口上游河段内洲滩分布更加细碎,主要为小面积心滩,且多年来洲滩的分布及形态变化较小。而下游河段内的洲滩分布相对集中,主要为大面积边滩,且多年来洲滩的分布及形态变化相对较大。

雅鲁藏布江中游河谷植物群落数量分类与排序

为揭示雅鲁藏布江中游河谷植物物种组成、植物群落与环境因子之间的关系,本研究运用样方调查法对研究区开展植物群落调查,采用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)结合去趋势对应分析(DCA)和典范对应分析(CCA)方法,系统分析了物种组成、群落类型和影响植物群落的主要环境因子。结果表明:38个样地共记录维管束植物185种,隶属于47科118属,菊科、蔷薇科、禾本科和豆科为优势科;TWINSPAN分类将植物群落分成17个群丛类型;样地CCA排序表明海拔解释了群落格局变化5.8%,年降水量解释了5.5%,温度解释了4.8%;26个优势种和次优势种的CCA排序结果的分布特征与各群丛的分布特征具有较好的相似性。综上,海拔是影响雅鲁藏布江中游河谷植物群落组成和分布的主要环境因子,研究结果可为雅鲁藏布江中游河谷植物保护和植物群落的空间分布格局提供理论依据。

基于多维度指数的雅鲁藏布江鱼类多样性评价及群落构建过程分析

雅鲁藏布江是我国西藏地区最大的河流,孕育着独特的水生生物资源。近年来随着人类活动的干扰与河流开发的推进,亟待对该流域水生生物多样性进行全面调查评估。本研究基于雅鲁藏布江全流域的鱼类资源调查数据,整合物种多样性、功能多样性和系统发育多样性3个维度12项指数,对该流域鱼类多样性进行评价分析。结果显示,24个调查样点中共采集到37种鱼类,隶属于3目7科24属;其中土著鱼类27种,外来鱼类10种;鲤形目鲤科鱼类为优势类群。基于Bray-Curtis相异度的层次聚类可将雅鲁藏布江鱼类群落划分为4组,表现为帕隆藏布汇口以上/以下江段及两个江段内干支流间存在较大差异,这与区域生物地理学过程及河流环境梯度密切相关。利用12项多样性指数对各组群的鱼类多样性进行评估,结果表明,除Simpson多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、平均配对种间系统发育距离指数和平均最近种间系统发育距离(MNTD)指数外,其他指数检测到组间的显著性差异。不同多样性指数之间的相关关系表现各异:与丰富度相关的多项指数间存在显著或极显著的正相关,功能离散度指数和MNTD指数与其他指数间多存在显著或极显著的负相关,表明不同类别的多样性指数各自具有独特的指示价值。基于群落功能性状结构和系统发育结构的检验结果显示,大多数样点驱动鱼类群落聚合的过程为种间竞争排斥,推测与雅鲁藏布江水体营养贫瘠、食物来源稀缺导致的种间营养竞争关系紧张有关。本文整合多维度多样性指数对雅鲁藏布江流域鱼类多样性及群落构建过程进行探究,以期为该流域鱼类资源保护和管理提供科学依据,也为应用多维度指数评价淡水鱼类多样性提供参考借鉴。

近50年雅鲁藏布江流域上游化学风化及CO_(2)消耗分析

基于2013年、2015年和2019-2021年雅鲁藏布江流域上游连续监测数据,并结合现有研究成果,探究了雅鲁藏布江流域上游近50年水化学时空特征演变以及风化速率与CO_(2)消耗的变化过程。结果显示,近50年雅鲁藏布江流域上游河水一直为弱碱性,pH为7.59~8.54,TDS含量变化呈现出增大的趋势;从20世纪70年代到21世纪,硅酸盐岩风化速率变化呈现逐渐增大的趋势,碳酸盐岩风化速率变化呈现出先升后降的变化趋势;流域丰水年硅酸盐岩风化和碳酸盐岩风化消耗的CO_(2)通量为16.90×10^(10)mol/年,平水年的为10.53×10^(10)mol/年,枯水年的为5.74×10^(10)mol/年,分别占全球大陆硅酸盐岩风化和碳酸盐岩风化消耗CO_(2)通量的0.80%、0.50%和0.27%。

雅鲁藏布江黑斑原鮡繁殖生物学研究

对2004—2006年采集于雅鲁藏布江拉萨河的190尾黑斑原鮡进行了繁殖生物学研究。雄性最小性成熟(精巢Ⅳ期)个体体长141.7mm,体重45.2g,性体指数1.09%,雌性最小性成熟(卵巢Ⅳ期)个体体长146.8mm,体重66.7g性体指数11.52%,相应年龄均为5龄。初次性成熟年龄(L50):♂,170.1mm相应年龄为7龄;♀,150.2mm,相应年龄5龄。通过组织切片法和GSI的周年变化分析,繁殖时间集中在5—6月,每年繁殖一次,繁殖之后的6—8月卵巢从Ⅵ期回复到Ⅲ期,9月卵巢发育到Ⅳ期越冬。卵径频率分布显示,卵巢发育类型为分批同步型,卵巢中至少存在2批卵径,每年成熟一批卵并同时产出,产卵类型为完全同步产卵。卵黏性,成熟卵卵径在2.04—3.37mm之间,平均(2.83±0.16)mm。对19尾产卵前夕(体长为151.0—210.0mm)的标本进行统计,其绝对繁殖力范围在525—2058粒之间,平均为(1244±346)粒,相对繁殖力为(14.7±5.8)粒/g。绝对繁殖力与体长呈直线正相关,表达式为F=13.624L-1187。

新构造运动影响下的雅鲁藏布江水系发育和河流地貌特征

雅鲁藏布江(雅江)水系发育和河流地貌演变受新构造运动的强烈影响。通过野外调查,结合SRTM(航天飞机雷达地形测绘使命)数据分析和Google Earth三维地图功能,对雅江河网形态及河流地貌特征进行了分析,并采用EH4电磁成像系统测量了雅江及其支流宽谷河道淤沙深度。研究发现,雅江河网呈现格状水系特点,同时具有枝状河网的拓扑性质,这主要是由于新构造运动的影响,河网发育过程中受到南北向挤压和东西向拉伸所至。青藏高原阶段性不均匀抬升形成了宽窄相间的藕节状河道形态,宽阔河段河道为辫状河型,而窄深河段为深切的V型河谷、单一顺直河型,纵剖面上构成裂点。裂点河段地块相对上升较快,阻滞了水流和泥沙,上游河段大量卵石和泥沙在河谷里淤积深达800多米,形成了平整而宽阔的U型河谷。整个雅江宽谷段泥沙淤积量约0.9万亿m3。

藏东南雅鲁藏布蛇绿混杂岩带的物质组成及形成环境

雅鲁藏布蛇绿混杂岩带位于藏东南南迦巴瓦峰地区 (喜马拉雅东构造结 ) ,呈弧形大致沿雅鲁藏布江分布 ,出露宽度 2～ 1 0km。带内岩石变质、变形强烈 ,按产状可分为两大类 :基质和岩块 (片 )。岩块 (片 )包括蛇绿岩套中的超镁铁岩、辉绿岩墙和辉长岩 ,石英 (片 )岩 ,大理岩和两侧老基底片麻岩等。岩块 (片 )大小不一 ,大的延伸可 >5 0km ,小的仅约 0 .5m ;基质是塑性变形十分强烈的绢云母石英片岩、二云母石英片岩、绿片岩等岩石组合。变质玄武岩岩石地球化学特征表明 ,该蛇绿混杂岩带可能由形成环境不同的“碎片”组成 ,包括弧前扩张带、岛弧、弧后盆地及洋岛等环境 ,是典型的消减带环境的蛇绿岩 (SSZ)。初步的同位素年代学测试结果 ,说明蛇绿岩可能在 2 0 0Ma前形成 ,比原认为距今 1 1 0～ 1 2 0Ma要早得多 。

西藏雅鲁藏布江双须叶须鱼的年龄结构与生长特征

根据2008–2009年、2012年以及2013年采自雅鲁藏布江水系的956尾样本对双须叶须鱼（Ptychobarbus dipogon）的年龄结构和生长特征进行研究。雌性渔获物体长范围为146~569 mm,雄性渔获物体长范围为167~506 mm,性别未辨渔获物体长范围为78~297 mm;耳石上的年轮形成于每年的3–6月份;估算的雌性群体年龄范围为3~24龄,雄性群体年龄范围为3~13龄,性别未辨群体年龄范围为2~6龄。体长（Ls）–体重（W）方程分别为：W=2.494×10–5Ls2.877（雌性）,W=2.790×10–5Ls2.856（雄性）;拟合出来的von Bertalanffy生长方程为：Lt=606.9[1–e–0.114（t＋0.163）],Wt=2538.4[1–e–0.114（t＋0.163）]2.88（雌鱼）;Lt=496.3[1–e–0.162（t–0.018）],Wt=1391.1[1–e–0.162（t–0.018）]2.86（雄鱼）。估算的雌鱼和雄鱼的拐点年龄分别为9.1龄和6.5龄,对应的体长和体重分别为396.0 mm、743.6 g和322.5 mm、406.3 g。研究表明,双须叶须鱼种群结构趋向低龄化,可能受全球气候变化、生物入侵和过度捕捞等因素的影响。针对这些影响因素,本研究提出了相应的渔业管理措施。

板块汇聚带的造山和重力垮塌作用及其力学成因:以雅鲁藏布江-喜马拉雅山汇聚带为例

从大洋底部磁异常条带的宽度变化可以看出,大洋的扩张速率是时常变化的,这种变化与板块俯冲角度的变化一样,对板块汇聚带的应力和应变场有重要的控制作用。中国存在众多不同特征、不同年代的板块汇聚带,根据其中发生的构造作用可以反演汇聚带在板块扩张速率和俯冲角度控制下的演化。有着巨大高差的喜马拉雅山构造带和雅鲁藏布江缝合带在喜马拉雅山东、西构造结逐渐交汇在一起,其平均海拔高度随之增大而宽度不断变小。喜马拉雅山中段的推覆发生在中新世早期,在推覆的过程中,其北缘沿藏南拆离系还发生了大规模的南北向伸展。这表明在中新世前,在雅鲁藏布江缝合带和喜马拉雅山之间可能存在一个规模很大的造山带,在这里称之为喜马拉雅山—雅鲁藏布江造山带,它在中新世初发生了垮塌。作为这个造山带的前缘,喜马拉雅山中段发生向南的推覆,这就是喜马拉雅山中段的推覆时间要远远滞后于印度和欧亚大陆的碰撞时间的原因。造山带的垮塌可能是印度与欧亚大陆间水平汇聚速率的突然减小造成的。发生在古近纪的日本海和中国的松辽盆地的弧后扩张与喜马拉雅山—雅鲁藏布江造山带的重力垮塌作用可以对比,可能是太平洋和欧亚大陆汇聚速率的突然减小造成的。在白垩纪,太平洋和欧亚大陆汇聚速率很大,所以,欧亚大陆东缘,包括日本海和中国的松辽盆地,在当时可能是规模很大的造山带。位于秦岭南侧,上覆在四川盆地之上的大巴山推覆带的形成机制与喜马拉雅山在中新世的推覆成因类似,与晚白垩世—古近纪秦岭的垮塌有成因关联。秦岭的垮塌可能是华南—华北汇聚速率减小造成的,在此之前秦岭要比现今高得多。

喜马拉雅东构造结地区雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩地质年代学研究

雅鲁藏布江结合带在东构造结地区形成弧形展布的蛇绿混杂带,此前对该带蛇绿岩的地球化学特征和成因已有研究,但年代学研究十分薄弱。本文报道对该带蛇绿岩的地质年代学研究成果。从变玄武岩和变辉长岩中分选出两类锆石。一类锆石为自形的柱状双锥,具有清晰的同心韵律环带,较高的Th/U比值（主要为0.63~2.79）,SHRIMP II测出的年龄为185.8±1.7 Ma（MSWD=0.64,n=11）。另有3颗此类锆石经SHRIMP II和LA-ICP-MS分别测出207±29 Ma（MSWD=6.5）、209±20 Ma（MSWD=3.0）年龄值。另一类锆石为它形、半自形长柱-短柱状双锥,内部呈扇状分带、弱分带或无分带,具有较低Th/U比值（主要为0.005~0.033）,经SHRIMP II测出32.74±0.65 Ma（MSWD=0.92,n=11）年龄值。还有一些变质锆石测出82.8~70.8 Ma等年龄。测年结果表明蛇绿岩形成时代为早侏罗世,局部可能为晚三叠世。笔者认为新特提斯洋在晚三叠世至早侏罗世发生向北的俯冲消减,在晚白垩世闭合,蛇绿岩构造侵位。

雅鲁藏布江流域潜在蒸散量计算方法

文中用NOAA数据、DEM数据结合实测气象数据对Penman公式进行修正,再用修正后的Penman公式计算雅鲁藏布江流域潜在蒸散量。方法上,把气象与水文站点点数据如气温、总云量、风速、水汽压、地面温度、相对湿度、日照百分率等用遥感软件转换成流域面上的栅格数据,并使其投影与NOAA数据一致,在DEM的支持下,用修正的Penman公式计算出流域面上的潜在蒸散量。验证流域潜在蒸散量需要把流域站点20 cm口径的蒸发皿蒸发量转换成大型蒸发池蒸发量。结果表明,流域大部分站点的潜在蒸散量计算精度在75%以上。

藏南古近系柳区砾岩孢粉化石的发现及初步研究

作者首次对柳区砾岩夹层中的泥岩和泥质粉砂岩进行了孢粉学研究,共鉴定出52个形态属。其孢粉组合特征是:以被子植物花粉占优势(62.77%—83.19%),其次是裸子植物花粉(11.95%—32.31%),蕨类植物孢子最少(4.80%—10.38%)。被子植物花粉以具孔类为主,三孔沟或三沟类花粉在组合中有一定含量。裸子植物花粉以具双气囊类居多。孢粉植物群的总体特征表明其时代可能为古近纪晚期。当时的古植被为落叶阔叶林或针阔混交林,气候较温暖湿润,主要为暖温带的环境。

雅鲁藏布江干流年径流变化趋势及特性分析

为了分析雅鲁藏布江干流的年径流变化趋势,采用趋势分析和小波分析的方法,基于雅鲁藏布江干流羊村和奴下水文站1970~2012径流序列资料,对其干流径流的变化趋势和特性进行分析。结果表明,干流径流呈现一定的增长趋势,但趋势不显著,同时不存在显著的跳跃成分。雅鲁藏布江有较丰富的水资源可供利用,且水量来源较为稳定,受气候变化影响不显著,可为南水北调的大西线调水工程提供水源保障。

雅鲁藏布江流域NDVI时空分布及与站点气候因子的关系

作为反映流域植被覆盖度的一个指标,NDVI的变化受多个气候因子的影响,而降水与平均气温是重要的影响因子。对雅鲁藏布江流域NDVI时空变化特征分析的同时,根据流域站点的经纬度提取流域面上的NDVI值并与流域站点主要气候因子(降水与平均气温)的关系进行了分析。结果表明,流域站点NDVI与主要气候因子(降水、平均气温)均具有较强的季节性、时间上的一致性与较高的相关性。NDVI与降水量线性相关系数为0.77,对数相关系数为0.7;NDVI与平均气温线性相关系数为0.72,对数相关系数为0.68。