A Historical Review of the Development of Women’s Higher Education in China (1908-2020): Stages, Explanations, and Trends

The development of women’s higher education in China can be divided into four stages:emergence(1908-1948);foundation(1949-1976);accelerating development(1977-2008);and the qualitative leap(2009-2020).This work considers the principal institutional mechanisms that contributed to this development.First,flexibly planned parenthood gradually promoted gender equality and openness in society facilitated by systematic“awards,grants,and loans”initiatives to support women’s higher education economically.Second,compulsory education ensured that left-out and migrant children had access to higher education.Third,effective connectivity across different education types bridged education gaps between those with different levels of education.Fourth,China made great efforts to invite and integrate international experiences that promoted the development of women’s higher education.Looking beyond these achievements,we also discuss the future trends of women’s higher education in China.

An Analysis of Teacher's Professional Development of Higher Vocational Education

Teachers are the backbones of any educational institutions. They not only play vital roles in students' development;they also directly affect the stature of their respective scholastic organizations. Highly qualified instructors produce competent and well-rounded students— learners who are more than ready to face the quirks and challenges of the labor force. This paper primarily discusses the following questions: What is teacher's professional development? What is higher vocational teacher's professional development? And how can scholastic institutions promote it? The conclusion states that the characteristics of higher vocational education directly influence the higher vocational teacher's professional development; therefore, it must be nurtured and promoted for the development of all the stakeholders of learning institutions – students, teachers, management staff,the learning institution itself, and the nation as a whole.

Evaluation of Technical Education by Using a Modern Structured MOODLE Laboratory Course, in Relation to Recent Data

E-learning platforms support education systems worldwide, transferring theoretical knowledge as well as soft skills. In the present study high-school pupils’, and adult students’ opinions were evaluated through a modern structured MOODLE interactive course, designed for the needs of the laboratory course “Automotive Systems”. The study concerns Greek secondary vocational education pupils aged 18 and vocational training adult students aged 20 to 50 years. The multistage, equal size simple random cluster sample was used as a sampling method. Pupils and adult students of each cluster completed structured 10-question questionnaires both before and after attending the course. A total of 120 questionnaires were collected. In general, our findings disclosed that the majority of pupils and adult students had significantly improved their knowledge and skills from using MOODLE. They reported strengthening conventional teaching, using the new MOODLE technology. The satisfaction indices improved quite, with the differences in their mean values being statistically significant.

Accreditation System of Distance Higher Education in the U.S. and Its Implications for China

Distance higher education is an important component of the Chinese higher education.How to enhance the quality of distance higher education is one of the key issues to be addressed in the research areas of distance education and higher education.As a crucial step to quality improvement,the constitution of accreditation system in distance higher education balances the benefits of all parties involved.This paper explores the American accreditation system of higher education and distance education and concludes with suggestions for the constitution of the Chinese quality assurance system:1)establishing third-party institutions to share part of the government roles;2)constituting the accreditation system;3)setting up appropriate standards;4)publicizing results of quality assurance work;and 5)building internal quality assurance mechanism.This paper is aimed to provide some reference to the constitution of accreditation system of distance higher education in China,facilitate the solution of quality problems in distance education,and promote the continuous improvement and development of distance education in China.

Contributing to Sustainable Development——The Mission and Value of Higher Education

Some notes on sustainable development and scientific outlook on development were given. It is addressed that the mission of higher education to contribute to sustainable development should be reinforced and further expanded. The present situation of China's higher education and the improvements required were analyzed. Two modes of thinking (reductionism and holism) and the relationship between the mode of thinking and the mode of development were discussed. The change in the mode of thinking is the key point for Chinese higher education, and more intensive reform of teaching affairs is necessary. A proposal of the revision of China's Higher Education Act and University Constitutions was put forward.

REFORMING CHINA'S HIGHER ENGINEERING EDUCATION

This article expounds that China’s higher engineering education is facing both challenges and opportunities. Some special difficulties and problems rise in the course of economic transition, and exhort us that it has been of great urgency to carry out a reform of higher engineering education. Here are put forward six measures: to explore training patterns of such an education suited to China’s national conditions; to improve university system: to transform educational ideology, and reform educational contents and methods; to establish a system of cooperation of engineering universities and colleges with industries; to strengthen construction of teacher contingent in engineering universities and colleges; and to carry out testing work of continuing engineering education and training education.

From Mutual Creation to Mutual Benefit:China’s National Teacher Training Program between Higher Teacher Education and K-12 Teachers

Sustainable Development Goal(SDG 4)lays solid theoretical foundation for the development of higher teacher education in improving the quality of teaching faculty nationwide.Sustainable teacher training paves a way for teacher professional development in the long run.China’s“National Teacher Training Program”serves a connection between higher teacher education and K-12 teachers in multiple perspectives when exploring K-12 teachers’improvement of the essence by upgrading the initiative of the program with the assistance of educational technology and modern educational philosophy from mutual creation to mutual benefit.Direction orientation strategic design based on demand for teaching faculty,curriculum setting in modules,and characteristics creation have been carried out to upgrade the training of teacher colleges and National Teacher Training Program in the future for achieving a win-win situation between higher teacher education and K-12 education.

Contribution of Development of China's Higher Education to Human Rights Undertaking

Human rights are the rights and freedoms of humans in their nature, and represent the basic conditions for the free and complete development of the humankind. The educational develop- ment level is an important mark of the level of realization of human rights. China＇s higher education realized the historic development in the 1998- 2007 period, and the number of the enrolled students at common colleges and universities across the nation had exploded from 3.4 million to 18.85 million, the number one in the world.

The 21^(st) century system reform and development mode of construction management education (CME) in China

With China’s entry into WTO and the development of the economic globalization, market competition in the construction field is more and more featured by the competition of talents, the core of which is the cultivation mechanism innovation of higher construction management talents. The approach to meet the requirement of this situation is to adopt innovation ideas, improve the supply-demand structure of CME, reform the education system to relate theory to practice, pay attention to the needs of the educated, enhance global communication and cooperation, and improve the knowledge structure of teachers.

Effective Face-to-faceTutorials of Online English Learning Lie in Interaction of Affective Domain and Higher Levels of Cognitive Domain of Bloom＇s Taxonomy

Online English learning as an outcome of the rapid development of the Internet has got a wider and wider market in China. However, problems of varieties have also occurred along its way. People never stop thinking of better strategies either in designing online course wares or tutorials to help smooth the learning process. My experience as a tutor is that interaction of affective domain and higher levels of cognitive domain of Bloom＇s Taxonomy plays an important role in face-to-face tutorials of online English learning.

基于B/S模式高校固定资产管理系统的设计与实现

我国高等教育事业的蓬勃发展,高校规模日益庞大,高校的固定资产也在急剧膨胀,传统的管理方式已难以适应,基于此,提出基于Web平台的高校固定资管理系统。在对用户需求分析和前期调研的基础上,设计系统的总体架构,最终实现高校固定资产管理系统运行功能。

基于GIS的云南省高等教育空间布局结构变化研究

GIS系统擅长于挖掘和利用空间信息。它能够收集、存储、操作、恢复和显示通过位置鉴别的空间信息。GIS不仅为决策者提供公共设施位置和分布的相关信息,而且它还提供了一个不错的可视化工具来描述一个问题的背景和结构,最重要的是通过分析GIS提供的备选方案优化了决策分析。本文将GIS技术用于云南省高等教育的布局结构研究中,从高等学校布局、高等学校规模、高等教育发展与经济和人口的关系等几个方面研究云南省高等教育空间布局结构的变化,挖掘高等教育资源与地理环境、人口、经济等相关因素的关系,以达到利用空间信息技术为云南省高等教育资源空间分布合理规划提供科学的决策依据,为实现高等教育科学发展提供技术支撑。

高等数学课程的S-T分析

教育信息处理在教学过程和教学效果的评定中具有重要作用。本文从实践出发,运用教育信息处理中的S-T分析方法对南昌大学的高等数学教学过程进行了分析研究。

云南高等教育跨境合作SWOT多因素分析

跨境高等教育合作是云南加快建设面向南亚东南亚辐射中心,推进“一带一路”教育行动的重要环节之一。笔者通过搜集整理文献资料,分析影响云南高等教育跨境合作的优势、劣势和机遇,以期实现国家战略、区域发展与跨境高等教育的共轭耦合和精准发力,促进云南高等教育跨境合作的发展。

高职《环境监测》实训室引入5S管理的探索

通过分析"环境监测"实训室管理的现状及存在的问题,探讨将企业5S现场管理法引入实训过程,切实加强实训室的管理,为学生创造真实的职业环境、安全的职业场所,培养学生良好的行为习惯和职业素质。

基于C/S和B/S混合架构的高校教学管理系统平台开发

以我校学分制教学管理系统开发为例,通过对系统网络结构、系统功能、编程环境和数据库设计等方面的探讨,提出了一种基于C/S和B/S混合编程的高校教学管理信息系统构建与实现的方法。

张力与平衡:高等教育哲学的基本问题——读约翰·S·布鲁贝克的《高等教育哲学》

本文以张力作为探究的立足点,分别从高等教育的价值取向、服务对象、内容选择、学术价值和组织管理五个方面诠释布鲁贝克《高等教育哲学》中所蕴含的五大张力:认识论与政治论的张力、精英教育与大众教育的张力、普通教育与专业教育的张力、学术自由与学术责任的张力、学术自治与外部干预的张力。在此基础上,深入探讨如何维持这五大张力的平衡,以期为中国高等教育理论体系的建立与完善以及高等教育实践活动的开展提供理论借鉴。

Policy-Driven Development and the Strategic Initiative of One-Million Enrollment Expansion in China’s Higher Vocational Education

Purpose:This article explores the relationship between governmental policy and the development of higher vocational education in China.Design/Approach/Methods:The article begins with a textual analysis of dozens of policy documents on higher vocational education issued by the Chinese government since 1999.Findings:The article argues that the development of higher vocational education in China has been largely policy-driven.This development can be divided into four stages:scale development,quality improvement,capacity building,and systemwide enhancement.The transition between each of these developmental stages was marked by new policy initiatives undertaken by the Chinese government.Originality/Value:The government’s recent efforts to expand higher vocational education enrollment by one million students have significant implications for China’s higher vocational education.Additionally,the proposed“1 + X”model—which attaches equal importance to academic education and skill training—may represent the beginning of a new stage in the development of higher vocational education in China.

基于C/S和B/S模式的成人高等教育学籍管理系统的设计与实现

文章分析了C/S和B/S两种体系结构特点,提出了基于C/S和B/S模式的成人高等教育学籍管理系统的开发方法,描述了系统的主要功能,给出了系统的设计与实现方案。

The Dynamics and Macro Strategy of Structural Reform in Higher Education in China:Case Study of Two Critical Periods(1949-1960 and 1998-2009)

The development of the higher education system in China has experienced huge changes alongside the transitions in the socio-economic milieu since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949.Among the major structural transformations of higher education,the reform during the 1950s and the one from 1998 to 2009 can be seen as two typical cases and manifestations of macro strategy modulation.Both reforms were driven by the need of strengthening and empowering the nation as a whole through the advancement of higher education.But the 1950s reforms featured the perpetuation of state control,highly centralized resource allocation,and authoritarian administration,while the 1998-2009 period reflected the transition from a planned to a market economy in higher education,manifested in an increased weight given to market forces,the enlarged autonomy of higher education institutions(HEIs)and expanded government guidance instead of mere state control.The paper will take the two periods as cases to show why and how the reforms were formulated and what directions they are leading towards.