Coupling relationship and genetic mechanisms of shelf-edge delta and deep-water fan source-to-sink:A case study in Paleogene Zhuhai Formation in south subsag of Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin,China

The coupling relationship between shelf-edge deltas and deep-water fan sand bodies is a hot and cutting-edge field of international sedimentology and deep-water oil and gas exploration.Based on the newly acquired high-resolution 3D seismic,logging and core data of Pearl River Mouth Basin(PRMB),this paper dissected the shelf-edge delta to deep-water fan(SEDDF)depositional system in the Oligocene Zhuhai Formation of Paleogene in south subsag of Baiyun Sag,and revealed the complex coupling relationship from the continental shelf edge to deep-water fan sedimentation and its genetic mechanisms.The results show that during the deposition of the fourth to first members of the Zhuhai Formation,the scale of the SEDDF depositional system in the study area showed a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing,with deep-water fan developed in the third to first members and the largest plane distribution scale developed in the late stage of the second member.Based on the development of SEDDF depositional system along the source direction,three types of coupling relationships are divided,namely,deltas that are linked downdip to fans,deltas that lack downdip fans and fans that lack updip coeval deltas,with different depositional characteristics and genetic mechanisms.(1)Deltas that are linked downdip to fans:with the development of shelf-edge deltas in the shelf area and deep-water fans in the downdip slope area,and the strong source supply and relative sea level decline are the two key factors which control the development of this type of source-to-sink(S2S).The development of channels on the continental shelf edge is conducive to the formation of this type of S2S system even with weak source supply and high sea level.(2)Deltas that lack downdip fans:with the development of shelf edge deltas in shelf area,while deep water fans are not developed in the downdip slope area.The lack of“sources”and“channels”,and fluid transformation are the three main reasons for the formation of this type of S2S system.(3)Fans that lack updip coeval deltas:with the development of deep-water fans in continental slope area and the absence of updip coeval shelf edge deltas,which is jointly controlled by the coupling of fluid transformation at the shelf edge and the“channels”in the continental slope area.

Analysis of the Development Countermeasure for Zhuhai Sight-seeing Agriculture

The advantages of the geographical conditions,natural,and cultural environment of Zhuhai agri-tourism are introduced,and the related development countermeasure is put forward.

Evaluation on Urban Land Ecological Security Based on the PSR Model and Matter-Element Analysis: A Case Study of Zhuhai, Guangdong, China

As one of the Special Economic Zones since the reform and opening up, Zhuhai has developed during the past 30 years. Its economic development, industrial structure and ecological environment have undergone great changes. Research on changes in Zhuhai’s land ecological security is of great significance. Using relevant data from 2007-2012, this study established a land ecological security assessment system based on the PSR conceptual framework model. The system contained 18 indicators from 3 aspects according to the concrete features of Zhuhai. Then we used the matterelement analysis and the improved entropy weight to analyze and evaluate the land ecological security of Zhuhai. The results showed that: from 2007 to 2012, the levels of the land ecological security of Zhuhai were “secure”, and the value increased year by year;as the land ecological security response value increased, Zhuhai was capable of solving land ecosystem problems. However, it should be noted that the structure of land ecosystem in Zhuhai has not formed and that rapid expansion of construction land has caused the shortage of cultivated land and other issues. Measures should be taken to control the construction area, improve land intensive utilization and improve the land ecological security.

Particle Swarm-Based Translation Control for Immersed Tunnel Element in the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge Project

Immersed tunnel is an important part of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge(HZMB) project. In immersed tunnel floating, translation which includes straight and transverse movements is the main working mode. To decide the magnitude and direction of the towing force for each tug, a particle swarm-based translation control method is presented for non-power immersed tunnel element. A sort of linear weighted logarithmic function is exploited to avoid weak subgoals. In simulation, the particle swarm-based control method is evaluated and compared with traditional empirical method in the case of the HZMB project. Simulation results show that the presented method delivers performance improvement in terms of the enhanced surplus towing force.

Diagenesis-porosity evolution and“sweet spot”distribution of low permeability reservoirs:A case study from Oligocene Zhuhai Formation in Wenchang A sag,Pear River Mouth Basin,northern South China Sea

The characteristics of low permeability reservoirs and distribution of sweet spots in the Oligocene Zhuhai Formation of Wenchang A sag, Pearl River Basin were investigated by core observation and thin section analysis. The study results show that there develop the fine, medium and coarse sandstone reservoirs of tidal flat–fan delta facies, which are of mostly low permeability and locally medium permeability. There are two kinds of pore evolution patterns: oil charging first and densification later, the reservoirs featuring this pattern are mainly in the third member of Zhuhai Formation between the south fault zone and the sixth fault zone, and the pattern of densification first and gas charging later is widespread across the study area. Strong compaction and local calcium cementation are the key factors causing low permeability of the reservoirs in the Zhuhai Formation. Thick and coarse grain sand sedimentary body is the precondition to form "sweet spot" reservoirs. Weak compaction and cementation, dissolution, early hydrocarbon filling and authigenic chlorite coating are the main factors controlling formation of "sweet spot" reservoir. It is predicted that there develop between the south fault and sixth fault zones the Class Ⅰ "sweet spot" in medium compaction zone, Class Ⅱ "sweet spot" in nearly strong compaction zone, Class Ⅲ "sweet spot" reservoir in the nearly strong to strong compaction zone with oil charging at early stage, and Class IV "sweet spot" reservoir in the strong compaction and authigenic chlorite coating protection zone in the sixth fault zone.

The design philosophy and bridge＇s technical innovation of Hong Kong- Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

This article introduces the project overview, construction goal and design philosophy of Hong Kong- Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Based on large scale, factory production, standardization and assemble line, the innova- tive concept is taken as the general principle for design with the emphasis on description of the new material, new technology, new construction method and new equipment used in the design. The application of innovative technology has provided a solid foundation and favorable guarantee for project quality and design service

Sedimentary Features and Sea-Level Changes Reflected in Drill Holes in the Zhuhai Area

Abstract Experimental examinations and analyses have been made of the sediments from drill holes in the Zhuhai area, Guangdong Province. The studies show that there occurred four transgressions in this area over the historical times. The first transgression occurred at 7500 a B.P., with the maxium sea level up to about 1 m above the present level. The second transgression occurred at 5750 a B.P., with the sea level possibly 4 m higher than the present. The third and fourth transgressions took place at 4650 a B.P. and 2600 a B.P. respectively, which lasted for a long time with multiple fluctuations. The fifth transgression is in process. It could be predicted that the sea level at Zhuhai would rise by 15–20 cm in the coming 50 years.

CASC in Zhuhai Airshow 2012

The 9th China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition (namely Airshow China or ZhuhaiAirshow) took place on November 13-18, 2012. As the only international aerospace trade show held in China, the fair provides valuable opportunities every even year for spacecraft and airplane manufacturers globally to exhibit their most advanced technologies, products and visions. Around 650 companies attended the event. During the one-week fair, a wide range of participants from

The 7th National Symposium on Coastal Engineering Zhuhai, China

The 7th National Symposium on Coastal Engineering was held in Zhuhai, China, fromNovember 13th to 16th, 1993, co-sponsored by —Chinese Ocean Engineering Society —Harbour Engineering Committee, Chinese Society of Civil Engineering —Harbour and Waterway Committee, Chinese Society of Hydraulic Engineering —Coast and Estuary Committee, Chinese Ocean and Limnology Society —Guangdong Ocean and Limnology Society —Guandong Society of Oceanograph

Image Perception and Emotional Evaluation of Zhuhai Coastal Tourism Destination Based on Network Big Data Analysis

By capturing the online evaluation data of tourists on Zhuhai coastal tourist attractions in the two domestic OTA platforms Ctrip and Mafengwo, word cloud and word frequency statistics and complex semantic network analysis are used to carry out the research of image perception and emotional evaluation. The results show that:① Zhuhai City is the main body of the composition of tourists' image perception of Zhuhai coastal tourism, showing the 3S(seafood, sand, scenery) coastal tourism image of Zhuhai characteristics, and the rapid development of Zhuhai City is an important driving force for the transformation of the city's image perception.② The single core and two wings is the hierarchical pattern of tourists' image perception of Zhuhai's coastal tourism, namely Zhuhai as the centre and sand and seafood as the two wings.③ After evaluating the emotions of tourists in Zhuhai's coastal area, it is found that overall the tourists' perceived image is relatively good, with a large proportion of positive emotions, but there are also some negative and neutral emotions.

Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition,Automobile Race,Good Events occurred successively to Zhuhai

Entering in the month of November,Zhuhai—the sea-side garden city was full of exitement and activity.Marlboro Zhuhai International Automobile Race and ’96 ChinaInternational Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition were closedon the 4th and 10th of November respectively.Guests fromvarious places of the world and over 1300 Chinese andforeign news reporters gathered in Zhuhai,and news bulletinswere released through various big medias.Automobile Race,Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition and the closely followedZhuhai International Movie Festival became Zhuhai’s acceler-ated velocity of advancing towards the world!It is said that starting from now and up to the year of2014,China will import 1320 aeroplanes with an amount of100 billion US dollars.Such a huge market is very seldomhappened in the world.President of Boeing Company,Chair-

Construction management and technical innovation of the main project of Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge

Design Units： CCCC Highway Consultants Co., Ltd.; China Zhongtie Major Bridge Reconnaissance ＆ Design Institute Co., Ltd. Construction Units： China Communications Construction Company Limited Consortium; China Railway Shanhaiguan Bridge Group Co., Ltd.; Wuhan Heavy Engineering Co., Ltd.; CCCC First Harbor Engineering Company Ltd. Consortium; Guangdong Changda High- way Engineering Co., Ltd.; China ZhongTie Major Bridge Engineering Group Co., Ltd. Consortium; Chongqing Zhixiang Paving Technology Engineering Co., Ltd.; Hunan Construction Engineering Group; China Railway Electrification Bureau Group Co., Ltd. Consortium

A fuzzy model for assessing the risk exposure of procuring infrastructure mega-projects through public-private partnership： The case of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

Considering the rapid urbanization growth rate particularly in developing countries, the number of infrastructure mega-projects over the past years has risen tremendously. Essentially, because infrastructure megaprojects require huge investment funds, better management skills, well qualified and experienced international expertise and technology innovation, they are mostly preferred to be procured using the PPP method compare to the use of the traditional bid-build system. In this regard, this paper aims to develop a fuzzy evaluation model for assessing the suitability of procuring infrastructure mega-projects through PPP by considering their risk exposure. The main body of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge(HZMB)is used as a case project to demonstrate the practicality of the risk evaluation model. The risk evaluation model consists of four critical risk groupings, these include,construction and land risks, commercial risks, operational risks and political risks. Using the risk evaluation equation,a risk index of 4.53 out of 5.00 is computed for the selected project if it is procured through the PPP scheme. This outcome shows that the case project is not suitable for the PPP approach because its risk exposure is very high. The model developed will enable PPP practitioners to predict the likely risk exposure of procuring infrastructure megaprojects through the PPP scheme.

Meta-synthesis management framework of a complex project： A case study of the deck pavement project of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

Innovative technology and deep uncertainty during the design and construction process of complex projects introduce great challenges to their organization and management.The traditional methods,represented in the project management body of knowledge(PMBOK)guide,can solve systematic problems;however,they cannot solve complex problems.Based on the management practice implemented in the deck pavement project of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge(HZMB),in this work,we propose a meta-synthesis management framework for a complex project from the perspective of the science of complexity.The method deems that the complexity of the project has the characteristic of being multi-scale both in the design phase and the construction phase.These problems can be classified into different categories,each of which requires a different strategy.As a result,it is first necessary to adopt the"exploration"strategy to reduce project complexity and to transform the deep uncertainty problems into systematic problems.Then,the"exploitation"strategy should be used to apply the PMBOK and other traditional methods to achieve the design and construction goals of the project and to improve its efficiency.More specifically,in the design phase of a complex project,the"innovative integration"process is used for the exploration of the new engineering technology and knowledge;then,the"functional integration"process is employed to define the system architecture,the interface relationship,the technical index,and other functions.In the construction phase,the"adaptive integration"process is used for the construction of the engineering organization system;next,the"efficient integration"process is employed to improve the actual construction performance.The meta-synthesis management framework proposed in this work reveals the multi-scale principle of solving complex problems in the management practice of a complex project,and develops the methodology of metasynthesis.

Decision-making governance for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai- Macao Bridge in China

The complexity of the Hong Kong-ZhuhaiMacao Bridge and the political environment of "One country, Two systems" have brought a vital influence on the decision-making recognition, decision-making analysis, and decision-making management related to this crossborder infrastructure mega-project. Based on case study,this study systematically analyzes the complexity of the decision-making related to the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, and explains the general principles that were used for its decision-making management. The research examines the decision-making management system of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, its adaptive behavior, and specific coordination mechanism on different decisionmaking problems in different decision-making stages. This result provides reference for decision-making management system design of cross-border projects.

Social responsibility in infrastructure mega-projects： A case study of ecological compensation for Sousa chinensis during the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

Ecological compensation plays an important role in implementing the social responsibility of infrastructure mega-projects. Based on the results of a field study, an in-depth interview, and archive data, this paper introduces the ecological compensation for Sousa chinensis(the Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin) during the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. It studies the concrete measures, decision-making processes,and organizational collaboration of the ecological compensation, using the method of a case study. The present study not only enriches our understanding of the ecological compensation practice during the construction of infrastructure mega-projects, but also extends the literature on the social responsibility of infrastructure mega-projects.This sheds light on the protection of the environment as well as biodiversity in the construction of future infrastructure mega-projects.

How does the improved DB mode degrade the complex integrity of infrastructure mega-projects？ Evidence from the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project in China

Complex integrity is one of the main characteristics of infrastructure mega-projects(IMPs). Cost,technology, risk, duration, environmental impact, and other uncertain complexities are interrelated and constitute a challenging and complex management problem. At present, there is no unified understanding of or solutions to these complex integrity problems. This study analyzes the complex integrity of the island-tunnel subproject of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge(HZMB) project and proposes an improved design-build(DB) mode in which the owner provides a preliminary design and has the right to form and manage consortium. This improved DB mode creatively degrades the special complexities that arise from multiple dimensions. On this basis, it is an efficacious way to grasp the main contradictions, integrate the effective resources, and degrade the complex integrity in multiple dimensions and at multiple levels so as to effectively deal with the complexity management of IMPs.

Coupling and evolution mechanism of infrastructure mega-projects complex ecosystem： Case study on Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

Infrastructure mega-projects(IMP), which involve complex interactions and feedback, have more significant impact on economic, social, and other systems.This paper proposes a concept—the IMP complex ecosystem—to analyze IMP from a broad perspective of organic links across engineering, social, economic, and resource environments. Moreover, this paper proposes the theoretical concept, framework, and functions for the IMP complex ecosystem based on complex ecosystem theory.First, the coupling process between IMP complex ecosystem subsystems is analyzed through material flows, energy flows, information flows, and value streams.Second, a logistic model of the IMP complex ecosystem is proposed by analyzing the evolution conditions and motivations. Third, the evolution pattern of the IMP complex ecosystem is determined. Fourth, the positive evolution strategy of the IMP complex ecosystem based on dissipative structure theory and the influencing factors of the evolutionary process is introduced. Finally, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and Sousa chinensis are used as the case study. This paper also analyzes the coupling structure on the complex ecosystem of the Hong KongZhuhai-Macao Bridge and investigates the coupling and evolution mechanism application of the IMP complex ecosystem on Sousa chinensis protection for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project.