Plants with bioactive properties are greatly useful in preventing and controlling blood-sucking and disease-vector invertebrates, particularly in developing countries and low-income communities. Their application is a...Plants with bioactive properties are greatly useful in preventing and controlling blood-sucking and disease-vector invertebrates, particularly in developing countries and low-income communities. Their application is a promising alternative to synthetic compounds whose use remains a health, environmental, and economic challenge. However, many are still unknown and unvalued, while others are becoming ignored and threatened. The main objective of this ethnobotanical study is to identify and characterize indigenous and locally grown plants against blood-sucking and disease-vector insects. Salient opportunities and challenges of using these plants are documented and discussed. Semi-structured interviews, using a prepared questionnaire, were conducted with 228 informants. The consensus index (CI) was calculated to analyze the reliability of the collected information. The identified 31 anti-insect plant species belong to 20 botanical families, four morphological categories, and six habitat types. They can be categorized as insecticidal plants (42% of the total), insect repellent (42% of the total), and both insecticidal and insect repellent (16% of the total). More than 54% of these are still abundant in the study area, while about 35.5% have become rare and difficultly accessible. Based on the numerical importance of related anti-insect plant species, the seven targeted blood-sucking insects range in the following decreasing order: Jiggers (16 species) > Fire Ants (9 species) > Flies (8 plants) > Mosquitoes (4 species) > Fleas (2 species) > Bedbugs (1 species) > lice (0 species). The three most commonly used plants, with the highest confirmation indices, are Tetradenia riparia (ICs = 0.712), Eucalyptus globulus subsp. maidenii (ICs = 0.302), and Solanum aculeastrum (ICs = 0.288). The antimicrobial role of many locally grown anti-insect plants and the multiple other associated valorization possibilities are ignored by most informants. Domesticating, propagating, protecting, and promoting the sustainable use of these plants would be an appropriate route for their conservation and continued availability.展开更多
In order to develop a new plant-source insecticide,some active components from Cichorium intybus L.were extracted with mineral ether,ethyl ether,ethyl acetate,respectively.It were testified the effects of the componen...In order to develop a new plant-source insecticide,some active components from Cichorium intybus L.were extracted with mineral ether,ethyl ether,ethyl acetate,respectively.It were testified the effects of the components on the development of Mythimna separate Walker and anti-feeding by feeding and weighting method.The results showed that the body weight of the larvae fed by the extracts with organic solvents was significantly lower than the control;the body weight of the larvae fed by the extracts with organic solvents was significantly different in different solvents in 3-5 days.The corrected mortality of the ethyl acetate treatment was the highest（52.05%）,and the development period of the larvae treated by ethyl acetate was about 4-10 days longer than the control and the corresponding pupating rate was the lowest（43.30%）.Therefore,the effect of ethyl acetate extract was most significant.Moreover,the pupa weight of the treatments was little more than the control.The extracts from Cichorium intybus L.leaves had highest bioactivity mainly in anti-feeding activity on Mythimna separate Walker.展开更多
With environmental and food safety issues becoming one of the greatest concerns of the public, active plant compounds play more and more important roles in pest controlling. Fern to their particular status in plant ta...With environmental and food safety issues becoming one of the greatest concerns of the public, active plant compounds play more and more important roles in pest controlling. Fern to their particular status in plant taxology and co-evolution are of great significance for application as new pesticides due with insects. In this study, methanol extracts were distilled from wild fern and gymnosperm of 54 species of 22 families collected from Shiwandashan Mountain in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. Insecticidal activities of the methanol extracts were assayed on both adult house fly （Musca domestica） and mosquito （Aedes albopictus）. Significant insecticidal activities were exhibited in the methanol extracts of five species, Cupressusfunebris （leaves and stems）, Cycas acuminatissima （roots）, Keteleeria fortunei （leaves and stems）, Onychium japonicum （whole plant）, and Pinus taiwanensis var. Darning shanensis （leaves and stems）. Applications of the extracts of these plants resulted in higher than 50% mortalities in 4th instar larvae of A. albopictus at 24 h after treatment. The methanol extracts from 13 species possessed insecticidal activities against the adult of M. domestica at 48 h after treatment with higher than 90% mortalities. The extensive screening results showed that these fern and gymnosperm were highly potential to be botanical insecticides. The findings provide a feasible and valuable basis for further investigation.展开更多
An excitatory anti-insect toxin from BmK scorpion, named BmK 16, has been purified and crystallized recently. Two crystal forms have been obtained by using ammonium sulfate as precipitant at different pH, one of which...An excitatory anti-insect toxin from BmK scorpion, named BmK 16, has been purified and crystallized recently. Two crystal forms have been obtained by using ammonium sulfate as precipitant at different pH, one of which is single crystal. Diffraction data have been collected for the single crystal on a Mar Research 345 Image Plate. The analyses of the data show that the crystal can diffract to 0.28 nm resolution and belongs to the space group C2 with unit cell parameters a = 4.65 nm, b = 8.52 nm, c= 3.26 nm, α= γ= 90oooooooo, β= 110.5°. There are 2 molecules per asymmetric unit according to its unit cell volume and molecular weight.展开更多
为了同时监管禽肉中多种类型(四咪唑类、硝基咪唑类、三嗪类、氨基甲酸酯类和有机氮类)抗虫药,提出了题示研究。取已研磨混匀的样品(2±0.01)g,加入5 m L水和10 m L提取剂(由1 m L乙酸、600 m L乙腈和400 m L乙酸乙酯组成),涡旋振荡...为了同时监管禽肉中多种类型(四咪唑类、硝基咪唑类、三嗪类、氨基甲酸酯类和有机氮类)抗虫药,提出了题示研究。取已研磨混匀的样品(2±0.01)g,加入5 m L水和10 m L提取剂(由1 m L乙酸、600 m L乙腈和400 m L乙酸乙酯组成),涡旋振荡20 min,加入无水Mg SO40.5 g,离心5 min。取5 m L上层液于40℃氮气吹干,在净化管中加入20 mg C18粉、30 mg N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)粉和1 m L定容液(由1 m L甲酸、900 m L去离子水和100 m L乙腈组成)后涡旋1 min,用0.22μm双系微孔滤膜过滤。以GISTC18-AQ色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.9μm)为固定相,以不同体积比的0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液-乙腈混合液为流动相梯度洗脱分离滤液中24种抗虫药。质谱分析采用多反应监测模式,基质匹配法定量。结果表明,24种抗虫药的质量浓度在一定范围内与对应的质谱峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.01~0.40μg·kg^(-1)。按照标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为61.2%~113%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)不大于15%。方法用于分析30份实际样品,仅在1份鸭肉样品中检出羟基二甲硝咪唑,检出量为1.46μg·kg^(-1),与农业农村部公告第197号-10-2019、SN/T 4809—2017标准方法中的测定结果基本一致。展开更多
用石油醚、乙醚、乙酸乙酯3种溶剂对菊苣叶片进行平行提取,以粘虫（Mythimna separate Walker）为供试昆虫,应用饲喂称重法测定菊苣叶片不同溶剂提取物对其生长发育及拒食的影响。结果表明,3种机溶剂提取物处理的幼虫体重均显著低于对照...用石油醚、乙醚、乙酸乙酯3种溶剂对菊苣叶片进行平行提取,以粘虫（Mythimna separate Walker）为供试昆虫,应用饲喂称重法测定菊苣叶片不同溶剂提取物对其生长发育及拒食的影响。结果表明,3种机溶剂提取物处理的幼虫体重均显著低于对照组;从第3~5天,3种有机溶剂提取物处理的幼虫体重之间差异显著,其中乙酸乙酯提取物校正死亡率最高,达52.05%;3种有机溶剂处理的幼虫期比对照延长了4~10 d,且蛹重略高于对照组;3种有机溶剂对粘虫拒食均有显著效果。展开更多
文摘Plants with bioactive properties are greatly useful in preventing and controlling blood-sucking and disease-vector invertebrates, particularly in developing countries and low-income communities. Their application is a promising alternative to synthetic compounds whose use remains a health, environmental, and economic challenge. However, many are still unknown and unvalued, while others are becoming ignored and threatened. The main objective of this ethnobotanical study is to identify and characterize indigenous and locally grown plants against blood-sucking and disease-vector insects. Salient opportunities and challenges of using these plants are documented and discussed. Semi-structured interviews, using a prepared questionnaire, were conducted with 228 informants. The consensus index (CI) was calculated to analyze the reliability of the collected information. The identified 31 anti-insect plant species belong to 20 botanical families, four morphological categories, and six habitat types. They can be categorized as insecticidal plants (42% of the total), insect repellent (42% of the total), and both insecticidal and insect repellent (16% of the total). More than 54% of these are still abundant in the study area, while about 35.5% have become rare and difficultly accessible. Based on the numerical importance of related anti-insect plant species, the seven targeted blood-sucking insects range in the following decreasing order: Jiggers (16 species) > Fire Ants (9 species) > Flies (8 plants) > Mosquitoes (4 species) > Fleas (2 species) > Bedbugs (1 species) > lice (0 species). The three most commonly used plants, with the highest confirmation indices, are Tetradenia riparia (ICs = 0.712), Eucalyptus globulus subsp. maidenii (ICs = 0.302), and Solanum aculeastrum (ICs = 0.288). The antimicrobial role of many locally grown anti-insect plants and the multiple other associated valorization possibilities are ignored by most informants. Domesticating, propagating, protecting, and promoting the sustainable use of these plants would be an appropriate route for their conservation and continued availability.
基金Supported by International Cooperation Project from Ministry of Science and Technology"Cooperation Research of Chicory Natural Production Extraction and Identification"(2008DFA31650)Shaanxi International Cooperation Project"Cooperation Research of Chicory Natural Production Extraction and Identification"(2008KW-29)~~
文摘In order to develop a new plant-source insecticide,some active components from Cichorium intybus L.were extracted with mineral ether,ethyl ether,ethyl acetate,respectively.It were testified the effects of the components on the development of Mythimna separate Walker and anti-feeding by feeding and weighting method.The results showed that the body weight of the larvae fed by the extracts with organic solvents was significantly lower than the control;the body weight of the larvae fed by the extracts with organic solvents was significantly different in different solvents in 3-5 days.The corrected mortality of the ethyl acetate treatment was the highest（52.05%）,and the development period of the larvae treated by ethyl acetate was about 4-10 days longer than the control and the corresponding pupating rate was the lowest（43.30%）.Therefore,the effect of ethyl acetate extract was most significant.Moreover,the pupa weight of the treatments was little more than the control.The extracts from Cichorium intybus L.leaves had highest bioactivity mainly in anti-feeding activity on Mythimna separate Walker.
基金funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (30571235)the Industry Schemes of the Ministry of Agriculture,China(200903052)
文摘With environmental and food safety issues becoming one of the greatest concerns of the public, active plant compounds play more and more important roles in pest controlling. Fern to their particular status in plant taxology and co-evolution are of great significance for application as new pesticides due with insects. In this study, methanol extracts were distilled from wild fern and gymnosperm of 54 species of 22 families collected from Shiwandashan Mountain in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. Insecticidal activities of the methanol extracts were assayed on both adult house fly （Musca domestica） and mosquito （Aedes albopictus）. Significant insecticidal activities were exhibited in the methanol extracts of five species, Cupressusfunebris （leaves and stems）, Cycas acuminatissima （roots）, Keteleeria fortunei （leaves and stems）, Onychium japonicum （whole plant）, and Pinus taiwanensis var. Darning shanensis （leaves and stems）. Applications of the extracts of these plants resulted in higher than 50% mortalities in 4th instar larvae of A. albopictus at 24 h after treatment. The methanol extracts from 13 species possessed insecticidal activities against the adult of M. domestica at 48 h after treatment with higher than 90% mortalities. The extensive screening results showed that these fern and gymnosperm were highly potential to be botanical insecticides. The findings provide a feasible and valuable basis for further investigation.
文摘An excitatory anti-insect toxin from BmK scorpion, named BmK 16, has been purified and crystallized recently. Two crystal forms have been obtained by using ammonium sulfate as precipitant at different pH, one of which is single crystal. Diffraction data have been collected for the single crystal on a Mar Research 345 Image Plate. The analyses of the data show that the crystal can diffract to 0.28 nm resolution and belongs to the space group C2 with unit cell parameters a = 4.65 nm, b = 8.52 nm, c= 3.26 nm, α= γ= 90oooooooo, β= 110.5°. There are 2 molecules per asymmetric unit according to its unit cell volume and molecular weight.
文摘为了同时监管禽肉中多种类型(四咪唑类、硝基咪唑类、三嗪类、氨基甲酸酯类和有机氮类)抗虫药,提出了题示研究。取已研磨混匀的样品(2±0.01)g,加入5 m L水和10 m L提取剂(由1 m L乙酸、600 m L乙腈和400 m L乙酸乙酯组成),涡旋振荡20 min,加入无水Mg SO40.5 g,离心5 min。取5 m L上层液于40℃氮气吹干,在净化管中加入20 mg C18粉、30 mg N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)粉和1 m L定容液(由1 m L甲酸、900 m L去离子水和100 m L乙腈组成)后涡旋1 min,用0.22μm双系微孔滤膜过滤。以GISTC18-AQ色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.9μm)为固定相,以不同体积比的0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液-乙腈混合液为流动相梯度洗脱分离滤液中24种抗虫药。质谱分析采用多反应监测模式,基质匹配法定量。结果表明,24种抗虫药的质量浓度在一定范围内与对应的质谱峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.01~0.40μg·kg^(-1)。按照标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为61.2%~113%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)不大于15%。方法用于分析30份实际样品,仅在1份鸭肉样品中检出羟基二甲硝咪唑,检出量为1.46μg·kg^(-1),与农业农村部公告第197号-10-2019、SN/T 4809—2017标准方法中的测定结果基本一致。
文摘用石油醚、乙醚、乙酸乙酯3种溶剂对菊苣叶片进行平行提取,以粘虫（Mythimna separate Walker）为供试昆虫,应用饲喂称重法测定菊苣叶片不同溶剂提取物对其生长发育及拒食的影响。结果表明,3种机溶剂提取物处理的幼虫体重均显著低于对照组;从第3~5天,3种有机溶剂提取物处理的幼虫体重之间差异显著,其中乙酸乙酯提取物校正死亡率最高,达52.05%;3种有机溶剂处理的幼虫期比对照延长了4~10 d,且蛹重略高于对照组;3种有机溶剂对粘虫拒食均有显著效果。
