Beyond authorship: Analyzing contributions in PLOS ONE and the challenges of appropriate attribution

Purpose:This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of authorship attributions in scientific publications,focusing on the fairness and precision of individual contributions within academic works.Design/methodology/approach:The study analyzes 81,823 publications from the journal PLOS ONE,covering the period from January 2018 to June 2023.It examines the authorship attributions within these publications to try and determine the prevalence of inappropriate authorship.It also investigates the demographic and professional profiles of affected authors,exploring trends and potential factors contributing to inaccuracies in authorship.Findings:Surprisingly,9.14%of articles feature at least one author with inappropriate authorship,affecting over 14,000 individuals(2.56%of the sample).Inappropriate authorship is more concentrated in Asia,Africa,and specific European countries like Italy.Established researchers with significant publication records and those affiliated with companies or nonprofits show higher instances of potential monetary authorship.Research limitations:Our findings are based on contributions as declared by the authors,which implies a degree of trust in their transparency.However,this reliance on self-reporting may introduce biases or inaccuracies into the dataset.Further research could employ additional verification methods to enhance the reliability of the findings.Practical implications:These findings have significant implications for journal publishers,Beyond authorship:Analyzing contributions in PLOS ONE and Maddi,A.,&the challenges of appropriate attribution highlighting the necessity for robust control mechanisms to ensure the integrity of authorship attributions.Moreover,researchers must exercise discernment in determining when to acknowledge a contributor and when to include them in the author list.Addressing these issues is crucial for maintaining the credibility and fairness of academic publications.Originality/value:This study contributes to an understanding of critical issues within academic authorship,shedding light on the prevalence and impact of inappropriate authorship attributions.By calling for a nuanced approach to ensure accurate credit is given where it is due,the study underscores the importance of upholding ethical standards in scholarly publishing.

Information for Authors

Chinese Phaysics Letters(CPL)is a peer-reviewed,inter-national and multidisciplinary journal sponsored by the Chi-nese Phaysical Society(CPS)and Institute of Physics,CAS,and hosted online by IOP Publishing Ltd.Launched in 1984 asthe flagship journal of CPS,CPL has become one of the mostprestigious periodicals published in China,and been among thegood choices for worldwide physicists to disseminate their mostimportant breakthroughs.

Information for Authors

Chinese Physics Letters(CPL)is a peer-reviewed,international and multidisciplinary journal sponsored by the Chinese Physical Society(CPS)and Institute of Physics,CAS,and hosted online by IOP Publishing Ltd.Launched in 1984 as the flagship journal of CPS,CPL has become one of the most prestigious periodicals published in China.

Guide for Authors

Introduction Types ofpaper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews,Technical papers,Theoretical papers,and Editorial.Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.

Information for Authors

General Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology(JBIT)is a periodical publication on science and technology published by Beijing Institute of Technology under the sponsorship of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.JBIT was inaugurated in 1992.

Information for Authors

General Journal of Bejing Institute of Technology(JBIT)is a periodical publication on science andtechnology published by Beijing Institute of Technology under the sponsorship of the Ministry ofIndustry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.JBIT was inaugurated in 1992.

Predicting Age and Gender in Author Profiling: A Multi-Feature Exploration

Author Profiling (AP) is a subsection of digital forensics that focuses on the detection of the author’s personalinformation, such as age, gender, occupation, and education, based on various linguistic features, e.g., stylistic,semantic, and syntactic. The importance of AP lies in various fields, including forensics, security, medicine, andmarketing. In previous studies, many works have been done using different languages, e.g., English, Arabic, French,etc.However, the research on RomanUrdu is not up to the mark.Hence, this study focuses on detecting the author’sage and gender based on Roman Urdu text messages. The dataset used in this study is Fire’18-MaponSMS. Thisstudy proposed an ensemble model based on AdaBoostM1 and Random Forest (AMBRF) for AP using multiplelinguistic features that are stylistic, character-based, word-based, and sentence-based. The proposed model iscontrasted with several of the well-known models fromthe literature, including J48-Decision Tree (J48),Na飗e Bays(NB), K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Composite Hypercube on Random Projection (CHIRP), NB-Updatable,RF, and AdaboostM1. The overall outcome shows the better performance of the proposed AdaboostM1 withRandom Forest (ABMRF) with an accuracy of 54.2857% for age prediction and 71.1429% for gender predictioncalculated on stylistic features. Regarding word-based features, age and gender were considered in 50.5714% and60%, respectively. On the other hand, KNN and CHIRP show the weakest performance using all the linguisticfeatures for age and gender prediction.

Information for Authors

General Journal of Bejing Institute of Technology(JBIT)is a periodical publication on science andtechnology published by Beijing Institute of Technology under the sponsorship of the Ministry ofIndustry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.JBIT was inaugurated in 1992.

Instructions for Authors

The Chinese Journal of Multiple Organ Diseases in the Elderly(Zhonghua Laonian Duoqiguan Jibing Zazhi)(ISSN 1671-5403)is launched in 2002 and published monthly by Chinese PLA General Hospital in Beijing,China.

High-speed Railway Guide for Authors

Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Original research papers,reviews,etc.Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.

ABMRF:An Ensemble Model for Author Profiling Based on Stylistic Features Using Roman Urdu

This study explores the area of Author Profiling(AP)and its importance in several industries,including forensics,security,marketing,and education.A key component of AP is the extraction of useful information from text,with an emphasis on the writers’ages and genders.To improve the accuracy of AP tasks,the study develops an ensemble model dubbed ABMRF that combines AdaBoostM1(ABM1)and Random Forest(RF).The work uses an extensive technique that involves textmessage dataset pretreatment,model training,and assessment.To evaluate the effectiveness of several machine learning(ML)algorithms in classifying age and gender,including Composite Hypercube on Random Projection(CHIRP),Decision Trees(J48),Na飗e Bayes(NB),K Nearest Neighbor,AdaboostM1,NB-Updatable,RF,andABMRF,they are compared.The findings demonstrate thatABMRFregularly beats the competition,with a gender classification accuracy of 71.14%and an age classification accuracy of 54.29%,respectively.Additional metrics like precision,recall,F-measure,Matthews Correlation Coefficient(MCC),and accuracy support ABMRF’s outstanding performance in age and gender profiling tasks.This study demonstrates the usefulness of ABMRF as an ensemble model for author profiling and highlights its possible uses in marketing,law enforcement,and education.The results emphasize the effectiveness of ensemble approaches in enhancing author profiling task accuracy,particularly when it comes to age and gender identification.

Information for Authors

General Rules Journal of Polyphenols publishes research articles,reviews and short communications in English,on the fields of the science and technology of plant polyphenols.Cover Letters The journal requires a cover letter be included in submissions.A cover letter should explain why this topic is important,why these results are significant and what the novelty of this work is.

Information for Authors

General Rules Journal of Polyphenols publishes research articles,reviews and short communications in English,on the fields of the science and technology of plant polyphenols.Cover Letters The journal requires a cover letter be included in submissions.A cover letter should explain why this topic is important,why these results are significant and what the novelty of this work is.

Information for Authors

General Rules Journal of Polyphenols publishes research articles,reviews and short communications in English,on the fields of the science and technology of plant polyphenols.Cover Letters The journal requires a cover letter be included in submissions.A cover letter should explain why this topic is important,why these results are significant and what the novelty of this work is.

Research on Construction of Pharmacovigilance System for Marketing Authorization Holders in China

Objective To provide suggestions for helping marketing authorization holders(MAHs)to develop an effective and compliant pharmacovigilance system.Methods The construction strategies of pharmacovigilance system of the multinational pharmaceutical companies were analyzed based on the requirements of regulations and laws.Results and Conclusion There are some gaps between local and multinational pharmaceutical companies in the construction of pharmacovigilance system.We can learn from the experience of multinational pharmaceutical companies to improve the pharmacovigilance system,which includes building a sound pharmacovigilance organizational structure,establishing a series of operational system files and cultivating professional talents.MAHs of China should improve the structure of enterprise pharmacovigilance system.Besides,members of Drug Safety Committee should be department managers with higher position so that they can fulfil the responsibilities of risk assessment.If MAHs possess a large variety and quantity of products,a Drug Safety Committee should be established to ensure the timely discovery of risks.In addition,MAHs should pay attention to the implementation of related regulations and laws on pharmacovigilance and establish compliant,effective and operatable files combing with the actual operation of pharmacovigilance system.Finally,MAHs should introduce and train pharmacovigilance talents,and hire pharmacovigilance experts as consultants to solve the problem of talent shortage.

The Research on the Characteristics of the Bureaucratic Administration -based upon the Classifications ofWeber＇s Legitimate Authority

Political legitimacy is the question about how a regime could be stable and lasting. Max Weber, a scholar, defined legitimacy earliest and carried out a systematic study in the history. He divided the legitimate authority into traditional authority, authority of charisma and authority of legal theory. This paper is just based upon authority rules of the three types, and discusses the organization＇s establishment, operational and managerial characteristics under the three kinds of authority. It is expected to provide references for reform of the administrative system.

基于人工智能的小说自编辑平台--Authors A.I.个案研究

人工智能在自然语言理解和生成上不断取得突破,在出版领域的应用也随之逐渐深入。基于这些人工智能技术的Authors A.I.能够自动阅读和评价小说作品,甚至提出改进意见,因此实际上可视为作者的自编辑平台,或者出版企业的编辑辅助平台。本文介绍其从一本书到一家公司的创立过程,以及支撑该平台运行的自然语言和技术原理;阐述了其所提供的AI分析报告,特别是叙事原型和情节转折、叙事节拍和叙事进程、主要人物性格和主题分析以及情绪色轮等要素的可视化分析;最后指出人工智能的发展为出版业提供了很好的机遇,基于AI,出版价值链有望在各方面得到改进。

基于Author Ware的电子试卷的设计与实现

多媒体技术和网络技术的出现使计算机辅助教学取得了飞速的发展。文章首先解释了什么是Authorware,然后利用Authorware中的Quiz知识对象设计制作出一份考试试卷并详细讲解了其制作操作过程。

基于AUTHORWARE的遗传育种学实验辅助教学课件设计

教学课件就像一部简单的故事片,有片头(课件标题)、片尾(制作单位、作者)、主角(重点课件内容)、配角(非重点课件内容)和故事情节(课件内容过渡).具体地说,课件就是根据教学过程和需要将与教学相关的动画、图片、声音等多媒体素材按一定的先后顺序组织在一起的统一体.课件分为辅助教学课件和辅助学习课件两种,辅助教学课件是指在教学过程中帮助教师教学的课件;辅助学习课件是指按教学计划要求帮助学生自学的课件.本文主要探讨利用AUTHORWARE设计的林木遗传育种学实验辅助教学课件(以下简称'遗传育种学实验课件')的可行性、要求、课件模块的划分和技术关键,以期对其他课程实验辅助教学课件的制作具有启迪作用.

基于iBooks Author的数学电子教科书制作和使用的优势与局限

近几年来,随着以iPad为代表的多点触摸屏幕为主要特征的平板电脑的流行,美国McGraw-Hill、Pearson Education、Houghton Mifflin Harcourt等出版商充分利用这一特征开发出有别于纸质等传统媒介和ePub等格式电子书的"富媒体"电子教科书。其特征是嵌入更多互动媒体,将信息技术更加深入整合到学科教育中。本文从数学电子教科书制作层面出发,结合笔者的使用体验,阐述美国苹果公司开发的iBooks Author在制作和使用交互式数学电子教科书的优势与局限。