Comparative Analysis of Vibration and Noise of Axial Flux Motor with Different Pole and Slot Combinations

The electromagnetic vibration noise in axial flux motors was meticulously examined.In this study,24-slot/10-pole and 12-slot/10-pole axial flux motors were chosen as the subjects of research.The spatial characteristics of the axial electromagnetic force were derived analytically and confirmed via two-dimensional Fourier decomposition.The finite-element method was used to simulate the low-order axial modes of both motors.Furthermore,a modal experiment on the stator of a 24-slot/10-pole axial flux motor was conducted to validate the simulation’s accuracy.By integrating the electromagnetic and structural models,a comprehensive multi-physical field model was developed to calculate the vibration noise of the axial flux motor.The precision of this model was subsequently corroborated with noise experiments.The findings from this study aim to offer insights into identifying the sources of vibration noise in axial flux motors.

Study on Axial Flux Hysteresis Motors Considering Airgap Variation

Axial flux hysteresis motor (AFHM) is self-starting synchronous motor that uses the hysteresis characteristics of magnetic materials. It is known that the magnetic characteristics of hysteresis motor could be easily affected by air gap and structure dimensions variation. Air gap length plays an important role in flux distribution in hysteresis ring and influences the output torque, terminal current, efficiency and even optimal value of other structural parameters of AFHM. Regarding this issue, in this study effect of air gap variation on performance characteristics of an axial flux hysteresis motor and effect of air gap length on hysteresis ring thickness and stator winding turns is investigated. Effect of air gap length on electrical circuit model is perused. Finally, simulation of AFHM in order to extract the output values of motor and sensitivity analysis on air gap variation is done using 3D-Finite Element Model. Hysteresis loop in the shape of an inclined ellipse is adopted. This study can help designers in design approach of such motors.

Design of Axial-Flux Motor for Traction Application

This paper deals with the design of high power – low dimensions axial-flux permanent-magnet motor intended for trac-tion application. First, two motor configurations are analytically designed and compared using finite element calcula-tion. Then, the configuration yielding the best performances is integrated and modelled with the whole traction chain under MATLAB/SIMULINK environment in order to demonstrate the motor operation on a large speed band.

Cogging Torque Reduction in Axial Flux PMSM with Different Permanent Magnet Combination

With the increasing requirement for the mechanical vibration and acoustic noise of the permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)drive system,the demand for cogging torque reduction of PMSM has been considerably increased.To solve the problem of oversized cogging torque of axial flux PMSM,a rotor topology with hybrid permanent magnet is proposed to weaken the cogging torque.Firstly,the expression of the cogging torque of the axial flux motor is derived,and the influence of the pole-arc ratio of the permanent magnet on the cogging torque is analyzed.Secondly,the rotor structure with hybrid permanent magnet is adopted to reduce the cogging torque.According to the analytical analysis,the constraints of the size and pole-arc ratio between the hybrid permanent magnets are obtained,and the two permanent magnets related to the minimum cogging torque are determined.And the analysis results are verified by the finite element simulation.Furthermore,the motor performance with and without the hybrid permanent magnet is compared with each other.Finally,the cogging torque is significantly reduced by adopting a rotor structure with hybrid permanent magnets.

Electric Drive for an In-wheel Fractional-slot Axial Flux Machine

This paper describes the electric drive for an in-wheel fractional-slot axial flux machine,designed for achieving a wide flux-weakening operating region.By using a slotted stator with fractional-slot windings and additional cores enclosing end windings,the axial flux machine reaches a wide constant power speed range.The machine is designed for increasing flux-weakening capability while obtaining low harmonic back-electromotive force and low cogging torque.A 10 N.m axial flux machine exhibiting 3 to 1 flux-weakening speed range has been built.A flux-weakening controller,able to maximize the output torque in the flux-weakening region,is designed and implemented.The goodness of both design and control algorithm is proved by experimental tests.However,such a fractional-slot machine has not only advantages.Rotor losses are very high,and they have to be properly considered during the design process.

Developing a 3D-FEM Model for Electromagnetic Analysis of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine

Recently, many optimal designs for axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motors were performed based on finite- element (FE) analysis. Most of the models are based on reduction of 3D problem to 2D problem which is not accurate for design aspects. This paper describes an accurate electromagnetic analysis of a surface mounted, 28 pole AFPM with concentrated stator winding. The AFPM is modeled with three-dimensional finite-element method. This model in-cludes all geometrical and physical characteristics of the machine components. Using this accurate modeling makes it possible to obtain demanded signals for a very high precision analysis. Magnetic flux density, back-EMF, magnetic axial force and cogging torque of the motor are simulated using FLUX-3D V10.3.2. Meanwhile, the model is paramet-ric and can be used for design process and sensitivity analysis.

高效非晶合金电机关键技术研究综述

非晶合金以其优异的低损耗特性在电机领域受到越来越多的关注。对非晶合金电机的研究进展进行梳理,介绍了非晶合金电机相对传统电机的优势,阐述了现阶段非晶合金电机铁心常用的加工工艺以及非晶合金电机的研发应用情况。对非晶合金电机关键技术的研究现状进行总结,包括考虑加工工艺、装配工艺下非晶合金电机铁心损耗与温升的精确计算,径向磁通与轴向磁通非晶合金电机振动噪声的精确计算,非晶合金电机设计优化与前沿应用,并对非晶合金电机未来发展趋势与研究方向进行了展望。

径轴向聚磁型永磁推进电机优化设计与分析

为了进一步实现永磁电机磁负荷和转矩密度的提升,提出了一种径轴向聚磁型永磁推进电机结构,转子永磁体在Halbach径向聚磁结构基础上进一步结合轴向延伸永磁体,实现了永磁磁场的径轴向聚磁。针对该种新型电机,本文详细研究了其结构特点,利用有限元分析了所提电机结构的电磁性能。首先对比分析了定转子等长结构、定转子不等长(overhang)结构输出性能,并对对称型overhang结构进行了参数化优化,有效提升了电机转矩密度。最后,利用三维有限元模型对比分析了径向overhang和径轴向overhang电机的电磁性能,结果发现径轴向overhang电机空载磁密提升了6%、输出转矩增大了1.3%、转矩脉动减少了0.4%,进一步验证了电机性能的优越性。

聚磁式转子轴向磁齿轮复合电机的有限元分析

在系统介绍轴向磁齿轮复合电机基本工作原理的基础上,提出了一种具有聚磁式转子的轴向磁齿轮复合电机。采用有限元分析方法对复合电机的电磁性能进行了三维数值仿真分析,验证了电机结构的合理性,并详细分析了聚磁式转子结构参数对电机输出转矩与轴向磁拉力的影响,得出转子参数对转子两侧圆周和轴向磁拉力的影响相似,为后续的试验研究提供了理论参考。

定子结构优化对盘式电机齿槽转矩的影响分析

齿槽转矩会恶化电机性能,为削弱盘式永磁电机齿槽转矩,文章提出了定子偏移和不等定子齿靴两种结构优化方法。首先通过能量法与傅里叶分解推导出轴向电机齿槽转矩公式,进行定子槽口宽度优化得到原模型的最小齿槽转矩;然后用公式推导计算与有限元分析,得到定子偏移结构的偏移角度;最后通过理论分析和仿真计算得到基于最小齿槽转矩的不等定子齿靴扩张宽度比,不等定子齿靴结构可使定子上下两侧的齿槽转矩相互抵消。对比结果表明,不等定子齿靴结构对齿槽转矩削弱效果最好,当扩张宽度比取1.2时,齿槽转矩降低71%。

轴向磁通永磁电机混合冷却结构设计与分析

针对轴向磁通永磁电机损耗大和散热困难的问题,提出了风冷结构和混合冷却结构,其中混合冷却结构由端盖风冷结构和定子水冷结构组成。建立了电机的三维模型,采用流固耦合法对电机进行仿真分析,通过对比两种冷却结构的冷却效果,选择了混合冷却结构作为电机的冷却系统。通过仿真分析了流速对电机温升的影响,并根据仿真结果确定了混合冷却结构最佳的入口风速以及水速,证明了混合冷却结构的有效性,为轴向磁通永磁电机的冷却系统设计提供了一定的参考。

周向散热的非晶合金轴向磁通电机温度场研究

合适的冷却结构能够保证电机安全运行的同时,也能够简化电机设计。为有效控制无轭定子结构的轴向磁通电机的整体温升,提升其散热能力,基于非晶合金电机低损耗的特点,提出了一种在机壳上集成周向式散热叶片的外转子散热结构。通过流固耦合的方法,对该结构下的电机进行了温度场的分析,验证了该方案的可行性。对一台额定功率为20 kW的轴向磁通电机进行温升实验,实验结果证明了该散热结构的有效性。

电动汽车轴径向混合磁通同齿极开关磁阻电机设计与分析

针对传统开关磁阻电机由于转矩脉动大、转矩密度低等缺点限制其在电动汽车驱动电机领域发展的问题,提出了一种新型电动汽车轴径向磁通分段转子开关磁阻电机结构。首先,阐述了新型电机的拓扑结构和工作原理。然后,根据功率方程给出主要设计参数。其次,选取4个结构参数,通过有限元进行正交试验矩阵分析,结合多目标影响程度的权重矩阵选取最佳的参数组合,进一步提高电机性能。最后,通过仿真实验对比和静、动态特性分析,分别验证了轴径向磁通分段转子开关磁阻电机模型的准确性和所提电机结构对于性能提升的有效性。

基于磁极错位的轴向磁通永磁电机转矩脉动抑制

针对低速直驱双定子轴向磁通永磁电机转矩脉动问题,基于磁极错位的方法来降低电机的齿槽转矩及转矩脉动。在保持电机结构不变的前提下,将表贴于转子两侧的磁极相互错开一定角度,使轴向组合的两单定子单转子电机齿槽转矩存在一定的相位差,从而实现齿槽转矩及转矩脉动的降低。分析了电机齿槽转矩的产生机理,利用磁极错位后的齿槽转矩解析表达式对电机齿槽转矩及转矩脉动进行优化,并进一步分析了永磁体涡流损耗随不同磁极错位角度的变化情况。通过有限元仿真验证了该方法的正确性。

表贴式轴向磁通电机梯形削极分段结构研究

采用多极少槽结构和分数槽集中绕组可有效提高轴向磁通永磁(AFPM)电机的转矩密度,但磁动势谐波含量较大、频率较高,会引起永磁体涡流损耗增大和温度升高。通过优化表贴式轴向磁通永磁电机的永磁体结构可有效降低永磁体涡流损耗并抑制转矩波动,因此提出梯形削极分段结构。首先,基于精确子域法分别建立不同永磁体结构的解析模型。其次,通过解析模型和三维有限元模型对不同永磁体结构的气隙磁密、输出转矩和涡流损耗进行分析对比。然后,通过研究永磁体分段对永磁体涡流损耗的影响,确定梯形削极分段结构的参数。最后,制造一台样机并进行实验,实验结果证明,梯形削极分段结构可有效降低永磁体涡流损耗并且改善轴向磁通永磁电机输出性能。

轴向磁通永磁电机冷却结构设计与温度场分析

为解决轴向磁通永磁电机散热难题,通过降低永磁体涡流损耗并采用水冷方式来限制电机温升。以一台25 kW、3000 r/min轴向磁通永磁电机为研究对象,分析永磁体分块对永磁体涡流的影响,确定永磁体分5段为综合最佳方案。设计两种水冷结构,分别是轴向内外螺旋水道和轴向内外U形水道。通过建立电机温度场分析模型,进行流固耦合的仿真计算,对比两种水冷结构的冷却效果,结果表明,U形结构冷却效果优于螺旋结构。

双层凸极型PCB定子AFPM设计优化

AFPM是当前研究热点,本文将一种新型的凸极型Halbach永磁阵列应用于该电机中,阐述了其结构与优点。借助三维有限元软件建立初步的参数化模型,进一步联合Workbench与Optislang仿真,通过GA进行全局多目标优化得到最优设计方案。优化后的新型永磁体阵列与相同尺寸的常规Halbach结构相比,减少了永磁体用量,降低了电机生产成本,提高了单位永磁体产生的基波磁密幅值和气隙磁密波形的正弦性。在保证理想的气隙磁场磁密大小情况下加入价格低廉的软磁材料降低了电机成本,为轴向磁通永磁电机的设计提供一定的参考。

轴向磁通切换永磁电机研究进展综述

轴向磁通切换永磁电机(ASFPM)结合了轴向磁通永磁电机与磁通切换电机的特征,凭借其轴向长度短、结构紧凑、功率高、转矩密度高、散热方便等优势,在电动汽车、电动飞机、风力发电等领域广泛应用。介绍了ASFPM电机典型拓扑结构,在电机设计与分析方法、齿槽转矩抑制技术、损耗与热性能分析与优化、控制技术、应用分析等方面对国内外研究现状及进展进行综述,并对该类电机当前的应用情况进行整理。基于ASFPM电机的研究现状,对未来的研究方向进行了探讨。

新型Halbach阵列盘式永磁电机的磁场解析

基于印制电路板(PCB)技术的盘式永磁电机(AFPMM)提出一种新型Halbach阵列的转子结构,该阵列结构简单、易于优化。运用矢量磁位法对新型转子产生的空载气隙磁密进行解析推导,获得关于气隙磁场的数学模型。基于该模型,保持永磁体总用量不变,以永磁体极弧系数比和径向长度比作为优化变量,气隙磁密基波幅值和谐波畸变率作为优化目标,确立最优转子结构参数。三维有限元仿真结果表明,解析法所得的气隙磁密波形与有限元法基本一致,验证了所提出解析模型的合理性。与传统Halbach阵列相比,新型Halbach阵列气隙磁密基波幅值提升了10.3%,同时谐波畸变率由19.8%降至4.8%,优化效果明显,可以有效降低高频工况下电机的涡流损耗、提升电机效率。最后制造一台样机进行相关实验测试,验证了解析和仿真分析的正确性,对PCB定子AFPMM的设计具有一定参考价值。

基于转子永磁分段优化的轴向磁通永磁电机涡流损耗分析与试验

轴向磁通永磁电机永磁体中的涡流损耗将使转子温度升高,致使永磁体产生不可逆退磁风险,影响电机的正常运行。该文推导了轴向磁通永磁电机永磁体涡流损耗的数学模型,分析得到永磁体表面涡流路径长度及永磁体表面积对涡流损耗的影响规律;结合理论分析,在永磁体完全分段的基础上,提出了三种永磁体部分分段的优化新方法;利用有限元软件建立了电机有限元分析模型,对永磁体的电流密度分布、涡流损耗、抗退磁能力、静力学强度等进行了仿真分析与比较,获得了较合适的永磁体部分分段数和永磁体保留尺寸。最后制作了样机,测试了电机效率、永磁体磁性能和永磁体温升情况,验证了所提优化方法的有效性及理论分析的准确性。