Immune regulation of the gut-brain axis and lung-brain axis involved in ischemic stroke

Local ischemia often causes a series of inflammatory reactions when both brain immune cells and the peripheral immune response are activated.In the human body,the gut and lung are regarded as the key reactional targets that are initiated by brain ischemic attacks.Mucosal microorganisms play an important role in immune regulation and metabolism and affect blood-brain barrier permeability.In addition to the relationship between peripheral organs and central areas and the intestine and lung also interact among each other.Here,we review the molecular and cellular immune mechanisms involved in the pathways of inflammation across the gut-brain axis and lung-brain axis.We found that abnormal intestinal flora,the intestinal microenvironment,lung infection,chronic diseases,and mechanical ventilation can worsen the outcome of ischemic stroke.This review also introduces the influence of the brain on the gut and lungs after stroke,highlighting the bidirectional feedback effect among the gut,lungs,and brain.

Unraveling the gut-brain axis:the impact of steroid hormones and nutrition on Parkinson's disease

This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between nutrition,the gut microbiome,steroid hormones,and Parkinson's disease within the context of the gut-brain axis.The gut-brain axis plays a pivotal role in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease,encompassing diverse components such as the gut microbiota,immune system,metabolism,and neural pathways.The gut microbiome,profoundly influenced by dietary factors,emerges as a key player.Nutrition during the first 1000 days of life shapes the gut microbiota composition,influencing immune responses and impacting both child development and adult health.High-fat,high-sugar diets can disrupt this delicate balance,contributing to inflammation and immune dysfunction.Exploring nutritional strategies,the Mediterranean diet's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties show promise in reducing Parkinson's disease risk.Microbiome-targeted dietary approaches and the ketogenic diet hold the potential in improving brain disorders.Beyond nutrition,emerging research uncovers potential interactions between steroid hormones,nutrition,and Parkinson's disease.Progesterone,with its anti-inflammatory properties and presence in the nervous system,offers a novel option for Parkinson's disease therapy.Its ability to enhance neuroprotection within the enteric nervous system presents exciting prospects.The review addresses the hypothesis thatα-synuclein aggregates originate from the gut and may enter the brain via the vagus nerve.Gastrointestinal symptoms preceding motor symptoms support this hypothesis.Dysfunctional gut-brain signaling during gut dysbiosis contributes to inflammation and neurotransmitter imbalances,emphasizing the potential of microbiota-based interventions.In summary,this review uncovers the complex web of interactions between nutrition,the gut microbiome,steroid hormones,and Parkinson's disease within the gut-brain axis framework.Understanding these connections not only offers novel therapeutic insights but also illuminates the origins of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.

Cellular interplay to 3D in vitro microphysiological disease model:cell patterning microbiota-gut-brain axis

The microbiota-gut-brain axis(MGBA)has emerged as a key prospect in the bidirectional communication between two major organ systems:the brain and the gut.Homeostasis between the two organ systems allows the body to function without disease,whereas dysbiosis has long-standing evidence of etiopathological conditions.The most common communication paths are the microbial release of metabolites,soluble neurotransmitters,and immune cells.However,each pathway is intertwined with a complex one.With the emergence of in vitro models and the popularity of three-dimensional(3D)cultures and Transwells,engineering has become easier for the scientific understanding of neurodegenerative diseases.This paper briefly retraces the possible communication pathways between the gut microbiome and the brain.It further elaborates on three major diseases:autism spectrum disorder,Parkinson’s disease,and Alzheimer’s disease,which are prevalent in children and the elderly.These diseases also decrease patients’quality of life.Hence,understanding them more deeply with respect to current advances in in vitro modeling is crucial for understanding the diseases.Remodeling of MGBA in the laboratory uses many molecular technologies and biomaterial advances.Spheroids and organoids provide a more realistic picture of the cell and tissue structure than monolayers.Combining them with the Transwell system offers the advantage of compartmentalizing the two systems(apical and basal)while allowing physical and chemical cues between them.Cutting-edge technologies,such as bioprinting and microfluidic chips,might be the future of in vitro modeling,as they provide dynamicity.

Irisin/BDNF signaling in the muscle-brain axis and circadian system: A review

In mammals,the timing of physiological,biochemical and behavioral processes over a 24-h period is controlled by circadian rhythms.To entrain the master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus to a precise 24-h rhythm,environmental zeitgebers are used by the circadian system.This is done primarily by signals from the retina via the retinohypothalamic tract,but other cues like exercise,feeding,temperature,anxiety,and social events have also been shown to act as non-photic zeitgebers.The recently identified myokine irisin is proposed to serve as an entraining non-photic signal of exercise.Irisin is a product of cleavage and modification from its precursor membrane fibronectin typeⅢdomain-containing protein 5(FNDC5)in response to exercise.Apart from well-known peripheral effects,such as inducing the"browning"of white adipocytes,irisin can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and display the effects on the brain.Experimental data suggest that FNDC5/irisin mediates the positive effects of physical activity on brain functions.In several brain areas,irisin induces the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).In the master clock,a significant role in gating photic stimuli in the retinohypothalamic synapse for BDNF is suggested.However,the brain receptor for irisin remains unknown.In the current review,the interactions of physical activity and the irisin/BDNF axis with the circadian system are reconceptualized.

Crosstalk among mitophagy,pyroptosis,ferroptosis,and necroptosis in central nervous system injuries

Central nervous system injuries have a high rate of resulting in disability and mortality;however,at present,effective treatments are lacking.Programmed cell death,which is a genetically determined fo rm of active and ordered cell death with many types,has recently attra cted increasing attention due to its functions in determining the fate of cell survival.A growing number of studies have suggested that programmed cell death is involved in central nervous system injuries and plays an important role in the progression of brain damage.In this review,we provide an ove rview of the role of programmed cell death in central nervous system injuries,including the pathways involved in mitophagy,pyroptosis,ferroptosis,and necroptosis,and the underlying mechanisms by which mitophagy regulates pyroptosis,ferroptosis,and necro ptosis.We also discuss the new direction of therapeutic strategies to rgeting mitophagy for the treatment of central nervous system injuries,with the aim to determine the connection between programmed cell death and central nervous system injuries and to identify new therapies to modulate programmed cell death following central nervous system injury.In conclusion,based on these properties and effects,interventions targeting programmed cell death could be developed as potential therapeutic agents for central nervous system injury patients.

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound reduces alveolar bone resorption during orthodontic treatment via Lamin A/C-Yes-associated protein axis in stem cells

BACKGROUND The bone remodeling during orthodontic treatment for malocclusion often requires a long duration of around two to three years,which also may lead to some complications such as alveolar bone resorption or tooth root resorption.Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS),a noninvasive physical therapy,has been shown to promote bone fracture healing.It is also reported that LIPUS could reduce the duration of orthodontic treatment;however,how LIPUS regulates the bone metabolism during the orthodontic treatment process is still unclear.AIM To investigate the effects of LIPUS on bone remodeling in an orthodontic tooth movement(OTM)model and explore the underlying mechanisms.METHODS A rat model of OTM was established,and alveolar bone remodeling and tooth movement rate were evaluated via micro-computed tomography and staining of tissue sections.In vitro,human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(hBMSCs)were isolated to detect their osteogenic differentiation potential under compression and LIPUS stimulation by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,Western blot,alkaline phosphatase(ALP)staining,and Alizarin red staining.The expression of Yes-associated protein(YAP1),the actin cytoskeleton,and the Lamin A/C nucleoskeleton were detected with or without YAP1 small interfering RNA(siRNA)application via immunofluorescence.RESULTS The force treatment inhibited the osteogenic differentiation potential of hBMSCs;moreover,the expression of osteogenesis markers,such as type 1 collagen(COL1),runt-related transcription factor 2,ALP,and osteocalcin(OCN),decreased.LIPUS could rescue the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs with increased expression of osteogenic marker inhibited by force.Mechanically,the expression of LaminA/C,F-actin,and YAP1 was downregulated after force treatment,which could be rescued by LIPUS.Moreover,the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs increased by LIPUS could be attenuated by YAP siRNA treatment.Consistently,LIPUS increased alveolar bone density and decreased vertical bone absorption in vivo.The decreased expression of COL1,OCN,and YAP1 on the compression side of the alveolar bone was partially rescued by LIPUS.CONCLUSION LIPUS can accelerate tooth movement and reduce alveolar bone resorption by modulating the cytoskeleton-Lamin A/C-YAP axis,which may be a promising strategy to reduce the orthodontic treatment process.

Bidirectional regulation of the brain-gut-microbiota axis following traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury is a prevalent disorder of the central nervous system.In addition to primary brain parenchymal damage,the enduring biological consequences of traumatic brain injury pose long-term risks for patients with traumatic brain injury;however,the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear,and effective intervention methods are lacking.Intestinal dysfunction is a significant consequence of traumatic brain injury.Being the most densely innervated peripheral tissue in the body,the gut possesses multiple pathways for the establishment of a bidirectional“brain-gut axis”with the central nervous system.The gut harbors a vast microbial community,and alterations of the gut niche contribute to the progression of traumatic brain injury and its unfavorable prognosis through neuronal,hormonal,and immune pathways.A comprehensive understanding of microbiota-mediated peripheral neuroimmunomodulation mechanisms is needed to enhance treatment strategies for traumatic brain injury and its associated complications.We comprehensively reviewed alterations in the gut microecological environment following traumatic brain injury,with a specific focus on the complex biological processes of peripheral nerves,immunity,and microbes triggered by traumatic brain injury,encompassing autonomic dysfunction,neuroendocrine disturbances,peripheral immunosuppression,increased intestinal barrier permeability,compromised responses of sensory nerves to microorganisms,and potential effector nuclei in the central nervous system influenced by gut microbiota.Additionally,we reviewed the mechanisms underlying secondary biological injury and the dynamic pathological responses that occur following injury to enhance our current understanding of how peripheral pathways impact the outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury.This review aimed to propose a conceptual model for future risk assessment of central nervous system-related diseases while elucidating novel insights into the bidirectional effects of the“brain-gut-microbiota axis.”

Ambulance Records as an Information Source to Document and Prevent Fall Injuries in Sweden

In Sweden, there has been only limited documentation for injuries requiring ambulance responses. The main objective of this study is, through the use of historic data, to assess the suitability of ambulance records to describe circumstances with fall injuries. Methods: The injury events data around patients were sourced from the ambulance data register. Descriptive statistics were used to describe injured patients based on age group, type of injury, place of injury, injury mechanism and consequence of an injury event. Two-group comparison was performed with Pearson’s chi-squared. Predictors of transport to hospital were identified using logistic regression analyses. Result: Ambulance provides unique data on all injury events, with direct implications for translational research, public policy and clinical practice (safety promotion). In 2002 ambulance attended 3964 injured people which represents 14% of ambulance attended workload in Värmland county, Sweden. The most common trauma location was the traffic area followed by residential area and nursing home. These three injury sites account for 2320 cases (61.6%). The most common cause of injury was falls (63.9%) followed by contact with another person (26.5%). Contact with another person is the most common site of injury in the traffic area (79.5%), and men aged 25-66 years are overrepresented. Conclusion: Logistic regression found that, age-group and place code were significant predictor for being attended by ambulance. Traffic, home and nursing homes were over-represented injury environments (61.6%) that require special attention. Most injury cases occur in the home and nursing homes among people over 67 years of age. Surprisingly, most of the injury events in the traffic environment are about hitting another person. Paramedics can provide rich and valuable data on injury events. Registration of such data is entirely possible and desirable, and can be used in preventive work.

From single to combinatorial therapies in spinal cord injuries for structural and functional restoration

Spinal cord injury results in paralysis, sensory disturbances, sphincter dysfunction, and multiple systemic secondary conditions, most arising from autonomic dysregulation. All this produces profound negative psychosocial implications for affected people, their families, and their communities;the financial costs can be challenging for their families and health institutions. Treatments aimed at restoring the spinal cord after spinal cord injury, which have been tested in animal models or clinical trials, generally seek to counteract one or more of the secondary mechanisms of injury to limit the extent of the initial damage. Most published works on structural/functional restoration in acute and chronic spinal cord injury stages use a single type of treatment: a drug or trophic factor, transplant of a cell type, and implantation of a biomaterial. Despite the significant benefits reported in animal models, when translating these successful therapeutic strategies to humans, the result in clinical trials has been considered of little relevance because the improvement, when present, is usually insufficient. Until now, most studies designed to promote neuroprotection or regeneration at different stages after spinal cord injury have used single treatments. Considering the occurrence of various secondary mechanisms of injury in the acute and sub-acute phases of spinal cord injury, it is reasonable to speculate that more than one therapeutic agent could be required to promote structural and functional restoration of the damaged spinal cord. Treatments that combine several therapeutic agents, targeting different mechanisms of injury, which, when used as a single therapy, have shown some benefits, allow us to assume that they will have synergistic beneficial effects. Thus, this narrative review article aims to summarize current trends in the use of strategies that combine therapeutic agents administered simultaneously or sequentially, seeking structural and functional restoration of the injured spinal cord.

In situ calibrated angle between the quantization axis and the propagating direction of the light field for trapping neutral atoms

The recently developed magic-intensity trapping technique of neutral atoms efficiently mitigates the detrimental effect of light shifts on atomic qubits and substantially enhances the coherence time. This technique relies on applying a bias magnetic field precisely parallel to the wave vector of a circularly polarized trapping laser field. However, due to the presence of the vector light shift experienced by the trapped atoms, it is challenging to precisely define a parallel magnetic field, especially at a low bias magnetic field strength, for the magic-intensity trapping of85Rb qubits. In this work, we present a method to calibrate the angle between the bias magnetic field and the trapping laser field with the compensating magnetic fields in the other two directions orthogonal to the bias magnetic field direction. Experimentally, with a constantdepth trap and a fixed bias magnetic field, we measure the respective resonant frequencies of the atomic qubits in a linearly polarized trap and a circularly polarized one via the conventional microwave Rabi spectra with different compensating magnetic fields and obtain the corresponding total magnetic fields via the respective resonant frequencies using the Breit–Rabi formula. With known total magnetic fields, the angle is a function of the other two compensating magnetic fields.Finally, the projection value of the angle on either of the directions orthogonal to the bias magnetic field direction can be reduced to 0(4)° by applying specific compensating magnetic fields. The measurement error is mainly attributed to the fluctuation of atomic temperature. Moreover, it also demonstrates that, even for a small angle, the effect is strong enough to cause large decoherence of Rabi oscillation in a magic-intensity trap. Although the compensation method demonstrated here is explored for the magic-intensity trapping technique, it can be applied to a variety of similar precision measurements with trapped neutral atoms.

Use of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain cells,organoids,assembloids,and blood-brain barrier models in understanding alcohol and anesthetic-induced brain injuries:an emerging perspective

Neurological disorders,including developmental disorders,Alzheimer’s disease(AD),and psychiatric conditions,have significant social and economic impacts globally.Despite extensive research into the underlying mechanisms of these disorders,effective treatments remain elusive,partly due to the complexity of the brain,the limited availability of human brain tissue,and the blood-brain barrier(BBB)’s impermeability to certain drugs.This perspective article discusses the potential of human induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC)-based models of brain cells,organoids,assembloids,and BBB to advance our understanding of the etiology,progression,and mechanisms of brain injuries induced by alcohol consumption and general anesthesia.These models could also be used to develop protective and therapeutic approaches.

The Role of Age as a Risk Factor for Pickleball-Related Injuries

Pickleball is a popular sport that includes players from many different demographics. The popularity has resulted in not only increases in participation but also in activity related injuries. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors along with potential mechanisms for injuries related to pickleball and identify effective countermeasures. Methods included the identification of pickleball related injuries from a US National Emergency Room database (NEISS). A narrative section of the database was used to identify and categorize potential mechanisms of injury. Results indicated that the types and mechanisms of injury relate to three specific age groups: younger, middle age, and older players. Injuries to younger players under the age of 26 are likely the result of misuse of sport equipment. Middle aged players from 26 to 50 sustained injuries more related activity overuse. However, there were more concerns with players over 50 years of age with a great percentage resulting in cardia arrest or symptoms leading to more severe cardiovascular conditions. While pickleball activity should be encouraged as it is a beneficial form of physical activity, there should be specific age-group interventions to reduce injury. It should be highly recommended that doctors approve the activity for individual at risk for heart conditions and supervision for adults in that age group.

Epidemiology of work-related hand and wrist injuries in a referral center: A descriptive study

BACKGROUND Occupational hand and wrist injuries(OHWIs)account for 25%of work-related accidents in low-and middle-income countries.In Colombia,more than 500000 occupational accidents occurred in 2021,and although the rate declined to less than 5%in 2020 and 2021,at least one in four accidents involved a hand or wrist injury.AIM To describe the OHWIs in workers seen at the emergency room at a second-level hospital in Colombia.METHODS An observational study was performed using data from workers who experienced OHWIs and attended a second-level hospital,between June,2020 and May,2021.The overall frequency of OHWIs,as well as their distribution by sociodemo-graphic,clinical,and occupational variables,are described.Furthermore,association patterns between sex,anatomical area(fingers,hand,wrist),and type of job were analyzed by correspondence analysis(CA).RESULTS There were 2.101 workers treated for occupational accidents,423(20.3%)were cases of OHWIs,which mainly affected men(93.9%)with a median age of 31 years and who worked mainly in mining(75.9%).OHWIs were more common in the right upper extremity(55.3%)and comprised different types of injuries,such as contusion(42.1%),laceration(27.9%),fracture(18.7%),and crush injury(15.6%).They primarily affected the phalanges(95.2%),especially those of the first finger(25.7%).The CAs showed associations between the injured anatomical area and the worker’s job that differed in men and women(explained variance>90%).CONCLUSION One out of five workers who suffered occupational accidents in Cundinamarca,Columbia had an OHWI,affecting mainly males employed in mining.This occupational profile is likely to lead to prolonged rehabilitation,and permanent functional limitations.Our results might be useful for adjusting preventive measures in cluster risk groups.

Bicycle-related traumatic injuries: a retrospective study during COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND:This study aimed to review bicycle-related injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic to assist with reinforcement or implementation of new policies for injury prevention.METHODS:This is a retrospective descriptive analysis of injuries sustained during cycling for patients 18 years old and above who presented to Singapore General Hospital from January to June 2021.Medical records were reviewed and consolidated.Descriptive analyses were used to summarize patient characteristics,and differences in characteristics subgrouped by triage acuity and discharge status were analyzed.RESULTS:The study included 272 patients with a mean age of 43 years and a male predominance(71.7%).Most presented without referrals(88.2%)and were not conveyed by ambulances(70.6%).Based on acuity category,there were 24(8.8%)Priority 1(P1)patients with 7 trauma activations,174(64.0%)and 74(27.2%)P2 and P3 patients respectively.The most common injuries were fractures(34.2%),followed by superficial abrasion/contusion(29.4%)and laceration/wound(19.1%).Thirteen(4.8%)patients experienced head injury and 85 patients(31.3%)were documented to be wearing a helmet.The majority occurred on the roads as traffic accidents(32.7%).Forty-two patients(15.4%)were admitted with a mean length of stay of 4.1 d and 17(6.3%)undergone surgical procedures.Out of 214(78.7%)discharged patients,no re-attendances or mortality were observed.In the subgroup analysis,higher acuity patients were generally older,with higher proportions of head injuries leading to admission.CONCLUSION:Our study highlights significant morbidities in bicycle-related injuries.There is also a high proportion of fractures in the young healthy male population.Injury prevention is paramount and we propose emphasizing helmet use and road user safety.

Risk factors for running-related injuries:An umbrella systematic review

Purpose:This umbrella systematic review(SR) of SRs and meta-analysis seeks to comprehensively synthesize existing literature to identify and consolidate the diverse range of risk factors contributing to running-related injuries(RRIs).Methods:Systematic searches were conducted on June 28,2023,across Web of Science,SPORTDiscus,Scopus,PubMed,and Cochrane Library.We included SRs,whether accompanied by meta-analyses or not,that focused on investigating risk factors for RRIs within observational studies.The methodological quality of the SRs was evaluated using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews Ⅱ.To assess the extent of overlap across reviews,the corrected covered area metric was calculated.Results:From 1509 records retrieved,13 SRs were included.The degree of overlap between SRs was low(4%),and quality varied from critically low(n=8) to low(n=5).Two hundred seven outcomes assessed in 148 primary studies were identified as being associated with the occurrence of RRIs.The effect sizes of the associations for which risk measures were reported(n=131) were classified as large(n=30,23%),medium(n=38,29%),small(n=48,37%) or no effect(n=15,11%).Running/training characteristics,health and lifestyle factors,along with morphological and biomechanical aspects,exhibit large effect sizes in increasing the risk for RRIs.Conclusion:Drawing from the outcomes of the low-quality SRs and associations with large effect sizes,our findings indicate that running/training characteristics and health and lifestyle factors,as well as morphological and biomechanical aspects,are all implicated in elevating the risk of RRIs,emphasizing the multifactorial basis of injury incidence in running.Given the low quality and heterogeneity of SR,individual findings warrant cautious interpretation.

Single nucleus/cell RNA-seq of the chicken hypothalamicpituitaryovarian axis offers new insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of ovarian development

The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian(HPO)axis represents a central neuroendocrine network essential for reproductive function.Despite its critical role,the intrinsic heterogeneity within the HPO axis across vertebrates and the complex intercellular interactions remain poorly defined.This study provides the first comprehensive,unbiased,cell type-specific molecular profiling of all three components of the HPO axis in adult Lohmann layers and Liangshan Yanying chickens.Within the hypothalamus,pituitary,and ovary,seven,12,and 13 distinct cell types were identified,respectively.Results indicated that the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide(PACAP),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),and prolactin(PRL)signaling pathways may modulate the synthesis and secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH),FSH,and luteinizing hormone(LH)within the hypothalamus and pituitary.In the ovary,interactions between granulosa cells and oocytes involved the KIT,CD99,LIFR,FN1,and ANGPTL signaling pathways,which collectively regulate follicular maturation.The SEMA4 signaling pathway emerged as a critical mediator across all three tissues of the HPO axis.Additionally,gene expression analysis revealed that relaxin 3(RLN3),gastrin-releasing peptide(GRP),and cocaine-and amphetamine regulated transcripts(CART,also known as CARTPT)may function as novel endocrine hormones,influencing the HPO axis through autocrine,paracrine,and endocrine pathways.Comparative analyses between Lohmann layers and Liangshan Yanying chickens demonstrated higher expression levels of GRP,RLN3,CARTPT,LHCGR,FSHR,and GRPR in the ovaries of Lohmann layers,potentially contributing to their superior reproductive performance.In conclusion,this study provides a detailed molecular characterization of the HPO axis,offering novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying reproductive biology.

Mitophagy in acute central nervous system injuries:regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potentials

Acute central nervous system injuries,including ischemic stro ke,intracerebral hemorrhage,subarachnoid hemorrhage,traumatic brain injury,and spinal co rd injury,are a major global health challenge.Identifying optimal therapies and improving the long-term neurological functions of patients with acute central nervous system injuries are urgent priorities.Mitochondria are susceptible to damage after acute central nervous system injury,and this leads to the release of toxic levels of reactive oxygen species,which induce cell death.Mitophagy,a selective form of autophagy,is crucial in eliminating redundant or damaged mitochondria during these events.Recent evidence has highlighted the significant role of mitophagy in acute central nervous system injuries.In this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of the process,classification,and related mechanisms of mitophagy.We also highlight the recent developments in research into the role of mitophagy in various acute central nervous system injuries and drug therapies that regulate mitophagy.In the final section of this review,we emphasize the potential for treating these disorders by focusing on mitophagy and suggest future research paths in this area.

Curcumin inhibits colorectal cancer development by blocking the YAP/TAZ signaling axis

Background:Curcumin is a plant polyphenol with antitumor properties and inhibits the development of colorectal cancer(CRC).However,as the molecular mechanism associated is still unclear,our study aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms by which curcumin inhibits CRC.Methods:HT29 and SW480 cells were treated with curcumin or/and Doxycycline(DOX),and cell viability,colony forming ability,migration and invasion were confirmed by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),colony forming,Transwell assays.And Yes-associated protein 1(YAP)and PDZ-binding motif(TAZ)signaling-related genes or proteins were analyzed using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR),western blot,and immunofluorescence assays.Then nude mice xenograft tumor model was constructed,YAP and Ki67 expressions were tested by immunohistochemistry(IHC)staining.Results:In our study,we proved that curcumin significantly inhibited the CRC cell viability,cell migration,and cell invasion abilities.In addition,curcumin inhibited YAP and Transcriptional coactivator with TAZ or the YAP/TAZ signaling axis in CRC cells.Further,in the nude mice model,curcumin treatment significantly decreased the size and weight of xenotransplant tumors.Conclusion:Therefore,curcumin significantly inhibited CRC development and invasion by regulating the YAP/TAZ signaling axis.

Research progress on insomnia treated by traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture based on microbial-gut-brain axis theory

Insomnia,as one of the emotional diseases,has been increasing in recent years,which has a great impact on people's life and work.Therefore,researchers are eager to find a more perfect treatment.The microbiome-gut-brain axis is a new theory that has gradually become popular abroad in recent years and has a profound impact in the field of insomnia.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has played an increasingly important role in the treatment of insomnia,especially acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine.It is the main method of TCM in the treatment of insomnia.This paper mainly reviews the combination degree of"microorganism-gut-brain axis"theory with TCM and acupuncture under the system of TCM.To explore the mechanism of TCM and acupuncture in the treatment of insomnia under the guidance of"microorganismgut-brain axis"theory,in order to provide a new idea for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia.

Radiological findings of February 2023 twin earthquakes-related spine injuries

BACKGROUND The February 6,2023,twin earthquakes in Türkiye caused significant structural damage and a high number of injuries,particularly affecting the spine,which underscores the importance of understanding the distribution and nature of vertebral injuries in disaster victims.AIM To investigate the distribution of radiological findings of vertebral injuries in patients referred to a major tertiary center during the February 6,2023 twin earthquakes in Türkiye.METHODS With the approval of the institutional ethics committee,1216 examinations of 238 patients transferred from the region to a tertiary major hospital after the twin earthquakes of February 6,2023,were retrospectively analyzed for spine injuries.RESULTS Spine computed tomography(CT)scans were performed in 192 of 238 patients with a suspected spinal injury,42 of whom also had an magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).In 86 of 192 patients(44.79%;M:F=33:53)a spinal fracture was detected on CT and in 33 of 42 patients(78.57%;M:F=20:13)a spinal injury was found on MRI.Of the 86 patients in whom vertebral injury was detected,fractures were detected in the Denis-B group in 33,Denis-C in 4,Denis-D in 20 and Denis-E in 11 patients.Among the vertebral bodies:40"compression fractures",17"burst fractures",5"translational dislocation fractures",5"flexion-distraction fractures"and 58"prolonged forced fetal posture fractures"were detected.In addition,isolated transverse or spinous process fractures were found in eighteen vertebrae.CONCLUSION Our study highlights the prevalence and diverse spectrum of spinal injuries following the February 6,2023 twin earthquakes in Turkey underscoring the urgent need for effective management strategies in similar disaster scenarios,and emphasizing the"prolonged forced fetal posture"damage we encountered in earthquake victims who remained under the collapse for a long time.