Effects of Bast Fiber Seedling Film on Quality and Root Respiration Enzyme Activities of Seedlings of Different Rice Varieties

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of bast fiber seedling film on rice seedling growth. In this study, indica cultivar ＇Xiangwanxian 13＇ and indica hybrid cuitivar ＇Y Liangyou 1＇ were used to investigate the changes of aboveground part growth and root respiration enzyme activities of rice seedlings af- ter the application of bast fiber seedling film. The results showed that, compared with the CK, the accumulation of shoot biomass, chlorophyll content, root bleeding intensity, soluble sugar content, and nitrate nitrogen content were significantly im- proved with the application of bast fiber seedling film. In addition, the activities of malate dehydrogenas （MDH） and alcohol dehydrogenas （ADH） were higher in rice seedling roots raised with bast fiber seedling film, while there was no significant change in lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） after the application of bast fiber seedling film. However, there were no significant differences in these indexes between the two cultivars. All the results indicated that the growth and development of rice seedlings could be improved with the application of bast fiber seedling film.

Bast Fiber Starts to Shine

Bast fiber, which has not attracted that much attention before, is going to step up to be more recognized, so there comes the bast fiber fashion week, as an appetizer for the bast fiber promotion year.

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Whiskers from Kenaf (<i>Hibiscus cannabinus</i>L.) Bast Fibers

Cellulose whiskers were isolated from kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) bast fibers via sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. Raw kenaf bast, NaOH treated, bleached fibers, sulfuric acid whiskers (SAW) and hydrochloric acid whiskers (HClW) morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal stability were characterized. The TEM images showed that the sulfuric acid and HCl whiskers have average diameters and length range of 3 nm and 100 - 500 nm, respectively. The FTIR study indicated that during the conversion process, most of the hemicellulose and almost all the lignin were removed by the NaOH and subsequent bleaching treatments. The crystallinity of HCl whiskers was found to be higher (84%) than that of sulfuric acid whiskers (72%). Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that HCl whiskers had better thermal stability than the sulfuric acid ones. In addition, a two-stage decomposition behavior was revealed by TGA in the sulfuric acid whiskers because of incorporation of the sulfate group with the cellulose crystals.

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofiber(CNF)from Kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus)Bast through the Chemo-Mechanical Process

The present work emphasizes the isolation of cellulose nanofiber(CNF)from the kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus)bast through a chemo-mechanical process.In order to develop high CNF yield with superior properties of CNF for improving compatibility in varied applications this method is proposed.The fiber purification involved pulping and bleaching treatments,whereas mechanical treatment was performed by grinding and high-pressure treatments.The kraft pulping as a delignification method followed by bleaching has successfully removed almost 99%lignin in the fiber with high pulp yield and delignification selectivity.The morphology of the fibers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy,which showed a smooth surface,fiber bundles,gel-shaped nanofiber,and an average size of 94.05 nm with 69%of CNF in 34–100 nm size.The chemo-mechanical process exhibited a more crystalline nature in CNF than pulp kenaf.The low zeta potential values exhibit the distribution of fibrils and colloidal suspension stability without any further agglomeration.A lower concentration of CNF is less stable exhibiting the product agglomeration.Therefore,the chemo-mechanical process for the isolation of CNF(Hibiscus cannabinus)from kenaf involves sustainable,low-cost,non-toxic,and cheap alternatives than other traditional methods.

Properties and Processing of the Pineapple Leaf Fiber

The properties and constituent of pineapple fiber were tested, and on the base of that, chemical treatment was used to improve the spinnability of the fiber, and the pure and blended yarn of pineapple fiber were produced in worsted and cotton spinning system.

新时期我国麻类产业科技创新的重点任务

麻类作物是重要的特色经济作物,为高端纺织、食品医药、生物材料等领域提供重要工业原料,持续加强麻类产业科技创新对我国农业农村现代化建设具有重要意义。针对新时期麻类产业发展承担的新职能,文章梳理了近年来我国麻类产业技术研发重要进展,分析了麻类产业发展面临的新挑战,并结合新兴技术研发态势,提出了我国麻类产业科技创新的重点任务。研究建议:新时期我国麻类产业科技创新应进一步夯实种质资源研究,推进现代生物育种技术应用;加快抗逆丰产技术创新,在盐旱渍涝污染等边际土地中拓展种植空间;研发全产业链绿色低碳技术,促进麻类生产高产高质高效;创新加强麻类新材料创制,带动麻类产业创新发展,赋能粮食安全与重要农产品有效供给。

黄麻韧皮纤维活性物质鉴定及抑菌效果分析

采用溶剂法从黄麻韧皮纤维中提取黄酮、多糖、生物碱3种成分,并对提取物的化学组分及抑菌效果进行测定分析。结果表明,3种提取物中总黄酮、总多糖、总生物碱含量分别为17.36 mg/g、3.57 mg/g、61.01μg/g。高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测出黄酮类提取物主要包括异槲皮素(167.47μg/g)、槲皮素(12.35μg/g)、木犀草素(6.41μg/g)、山奈酚(6.26μg/g)等;多糖类提取物中的单糖组分有半乳糖(0.41 mg/g)、半乳糖醛酸(0.43 mg/g)、阿拉伯糖(1.03 mg/g)等;生物碱类提取物主要组分为盐酸小檗碱(9.97μg/g)。纸片扩散法、二倍稀释观察法、扫描电镜分析显示,3种提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌均能产生不同程度的抑制效果。综上,黄麻韧皮纤维中的活性物质较为丰富,且具有良好的抑菌性能。

A Comprehensive Analysis of the Thermo-Chemical Properties of Sudanese Biomass for Sustainable Applications

The chemical composition and thermal properties of natural fibers are the most critical variables that determine the overall properties of the fibers and influence their processing and use in different sustainable applications,such as their conversion into bioenergy and biocomposites.Their thermal and mechanical properties can be estimated by evaluating the content of cellulose,lignin,and other extractives in the fibers.In this research work,the chemical composition and thermal properties of three fibers,namely bagasse,kenaf bast fibers,and cotton stalks,were evaluated to assess their potential utilization in producing biocomposites and bioenergy materials.The chemical composition analysis followed the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Standards(TAPPI)methods.The total phenol content was quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method,while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)was employed to assess the light absorption by the bonds.To evaluate thermal stability and higher heating values,Thermogravimetric Analysis(TGA),Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC),and bomb calorimetry were performed.The chemical analysis revealed that bagasse contained 50.6%cellulose and 21.6%lignin,kenaf bast fibers had 58.5%cellulose and 10%lignin,and cotton stalks exhibited 40.3%cellulose and 21.3%lignin.The FTIR curves demonstrated a notable similarity among the fibers.The TGA analysis showed degradation temperatures of 321°C for bagasse,354°C for kenaf bast fibers,and 289°C for cotton stalks.The DSC analysis revealed glass transition temperatures of 81°C for bagasse,66.3°C for cotton stalks,and 64.5°C for kenaf bast fibers.The higher heating values were measured as 17.3,16.6 and 17.1 MJ/kg for bagasse,kenaf bast fibers,and cotton stalks,respectively.The three fibers have a high potential for biocomposites and bioenergy material manufacturing.

两种麻纤维育秧膜对水稻秧苗根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响

试验主要探究了壳寡糖麻育秧膜和普通麻育秧膜对水稻秧苗根际土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明:使用两种不同麻育秧膜组中土壤pH、总氮含量增加;普通麻育秧膜处理下土壤有机质显著降低;壳寡糖麻育秧膜处理下总钾含量显著降低。与无膜覆盖的对照组相比,两种不同麻育秧膜处理下水稻秧苗根际土壤真菌多样性并没有显著变化,而细菌的多样性和丰富度显著降低。对根际土壤理化性质和土壤微生物群落进行冗余分析,发现水解氮与根际土壤真菌群落的相关性最大,而土壤有机质则与根际土壤细菌群落分布的相关性最大。

麻类作物活性成分的抗炎作用研究进展

在国内,麻类作物是一种被广泛种植的经济作物,除纺织、食品、建筑材料等常见用途,其活性功能成分在生物医药、农业等领域亦有广泛研究和应用;文章综述了常见麻类作物(如亚麻、大麻、苎麻等)活性成分的抗炎效果与机理,及其在医药与畜牧领域的研究、应用现状,展望了其作为新抗炎药物的潜力,旨在为今后麻类作物活性成分在大健康领域的深度开发提供科学参考.

可降解地膜对大棚内土壤温湿度和草莓产量及品质的影响初探

冬季大棚草莓种植常用地膜覆盖,塑料残膜危害严重,试验以塑料地膜为对照,研究两种PBAT地膜(PBAT地膜1、PBAT地膜2)和一种环保型麻地膜对大棚内土壤温湿度和草莓产量及品质的影响,验证可降解地膜在草莓种植中应用的可行性。结果表明:PBAT地膜1草莓苗穴处温湿度较高,麻地膜膜下湿度最低;可降解地膜早期开花率和结果率高于塑料地膜;PBAT地膜1和麻地膜栽培的草莓早期产量显著高于塑料地膜,分别高出33.37%和22.98%,草莓总产量各处理间无显著差异;结果盛期各处理的草莓甜度和硬度无显著差异,塑料地膜、PBAT地膜1和麻地膜草莓单果重更高。试验初步表明,PBAT地膜和麻地膜可以用于冬季大棚草莓种植,其中PBAT地膜1和麻地膜效果最优。

无纺结构麻纤维复合材料疲劳性能及失效机理

近年来,以可持续性为特征的麻纤维因其在环境可接受性和商业可行性方面的优势而备受关注。以麻纤维代表之一的洋麻毡为增强材料,不饱和聚酯(UP)为基体,采用手工叠层和模压成型的方法制备了洋麻/UP复合材料。设计低周疲劳(低速低循环疲劳)和高周疲劳(高速多循环疲劳测试)来探讨其疲劳性能和疲劳极限,重点观察不同疲劳测试条件下麻纤维的断裂形态和失效机理。

荛花韧皮部制浆工艺优化及纸浆性能研究

以荛花韧皮部为研究对象,分析了韧皮部的化学组分含量,初步对比了五种不同制浆方法对纸浆性能的影响,从而选择出荛花韧皮部合适的制浆方法,并优化其制浆工艺。实验结果表明,荛花韧皮部硝酸乙醇纤维素含量为54.6%,木素含量为8.7%,果胶含量为18.1%,苯醇抽出物为2.6%;与其他四种制浆方法相比,AS-AQ制浆方法在制浆得率及纸浆卡伯值、特性黏度、白度等方面较有优势,因此荛花韧皮部采用AS-AQ法制浆较为合适,其最佳的制浆工艺条件为:用碱量14%,亚硫酸化度80%,升温时间1.5 h,保温时间3 h,最高温度140℃,液比1:5;在此工艺条件下浆料得率为60.1%,卡伯值为9.66,特性黏度为1115 mL/g,白度为44.74%ISO。

麻地膜降解对土壤性质和作物产量影响的研究

为了研究麻地膜在土壤中的降解特性以及麻地膜降解后对土壤物理、化学及生物学特性和作物产量的影响,分别在春、夏、冬3个季节条件下观测RC麻地膜、JC麻地膜和塑料地膜在土壤中的降解特性;JC麻地膜分别设2层(JC2)、4层(JC4)、8层(JC8)、12层(JC12)、16层(JC16)、塑料地膜4层(P4)、8层(P8)、12层(P12)共9个处理,另设未使用地膜作对照(CK),用盆栽试验方法研究了麻地膜在土壤中的降解及对土壤性质和作物产量的影响。结果表明,麻地膜在土壤中能充分降解,温度升高可加速其降解;麻地膜降解可降低土壤容重和增加孔隙度,改善土壤三相比例,增加土壤养分,提高土壤微生物数量,培肥土壤。麻地膜埋入明显促进红麻根系生长,改善根冠比,提高了植株的养分积累量;红麻的日生长量、株高、茎粗、皮厚以及干物质量均高于对照,红麻干皮产量均明显高于CK,并且有随着麻地膜埋入量的增加而提高之势。塑料地膜的埋入则恶化了土壤生态环境,影响了红麻生长发育而造成减产。因此,麻地膜的埋入能够改善土壤生态环境,同时促进作物生长发育及产量的提高。

麻地膜与肥料互作对辣椒生长、土壤养分及土壤酶活性的影响

麻地膜在农业生产中的应用越来越广泛。为了解麻地膜在茄果类蔬菜上的应用效果,以辣椒为试验材料,在露地和日光温室条件下研究了普通聚乙烯(PE)地膜及麻地膜与肥料互作对辣椒定植初期10 cm土温、辣椒生长、土壤养分及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,地膜覆盖有利于辣椒定植初期10 cm土温的升高,其中,PE地膜的保温效果优于麻地膜,PE地膜+有机肥和PE地膜+有机肥+复合肥的保温效果较好,此外,11:00以后麻地膜覆盖具有降低地表温度的作用;麻地膜对膜下杂草的抑制作用显著强于PE地膜,麻地膜+复合肥的杂草生长量显著低于其他处理;地膜覆盖可以显著增加辣椒的株高、茎粗和产量,对辣椒叶片SPAD值及果实Vc含量影响不显著,麻地膜覆盖的辣椒产量显著高于PE地膜覆盖和对照;地膜覆盖可显著降低土壤pH和有机质含量,且麻地膜覆盖的下降幅度大于PE地膜;地膜覆盖可以显著提高土壤中碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,且麻地膜的增加幅度比PE地膜大;地膜覆盖具有提高土壤蛋白酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性的作用。

麻类作物特色资源的创新与利用

总结了近5年来我国麻类作物资源收集保存、鉴定创新、分发利用的成绩,重要农艺性状基因的定位和挖掘及其分子机理解析的新发现,介绍了功能性叶用黄麻、强重金属吸附黄麻和药用工业大麻等特色资源的挖掘、创制和产业化创新应用现状和前景,期望麻类种质资源研究能更好地服务麻类产业和区域经济发展、精准扶贫和乡村振兴。

我国麻类作物种质资源保护与利用研究进展

总结了我国麻类种质资源在收集保存、繁殖更新、鉴定评价和分发利用等方面的最新进展。10年来,新增麻类种质697份,保存资源数量增至9764份,居世界第1位;繁殖更新麻类资源5343份次,基本解决了麻类资源安全保存和供种等问题;完成农艺性状、经济性状及特性鉴定6543份次,筛选出麻类优异种质296份;向全国50家单位分发种质4296份次,资源利用效率大幅提高。并针对当前存在的问题,提出了下一步工作的明确目标和任务。

纤维含量对麻纤维复合材料力学和振动阻尼性能的影响

振动阻尼和力学性能是节能环保麻纤维增强复合材料推广应用于高铁、汽车等运载工具车身时需要考虑的重要和关键技术指标.为此,本文对洋麻纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料进行了拉伸力学性能试验和悬臂梁模态试验,得到了复合材料的拉伸性能和振动阻尼特性参数(固有频率和阻尼比),并探讨了纤维含量对复合材料力学性能和悬臂梁固有频率以及阻尼比的影响.结果表明:随着纤维含量的增加,复合材料的断裂伸长率逐渐降低,弹性模量和拉伸强度均呈增加趋势.同时,复合材料的悬臂梁固有频率随着纤维含量的增加而增加.然而,复合材料悬臂梁的阻尼比呈现先增加后降低的趋势,当纤维质量分数为10%时,阻尼比达到最大值为0.093,与纯聚丙烯相比,提高了20.8%.复合材料悬臂梁二阶阻尼比均高于一阶阻尼比,表明振动幅值影响麻纤维增强树脂基复合材料的阻尼性能.

大麻鲜茎剥皮机的设计与试验

为了减轻大麻收获劳动强度、提高大麻鲜皮剥制效率，该研究根据大麻茎杆分枝多、皮骨结合紧密等特点，采取揉搓分离与梳理分离相结合的皮骨分离方法，设计出大麻鲜茎剥皮机。该样机主要由揉搓机构、梳理分离机构、纤维收集装置、传动系统、机架、行走装置等组成，样机具体结构紧凑、移动方便、皮骨分离能力强等特点。试验结果表明：样机的揉搓分离机构能够使大麻鲜茎破裂，皮骨初步分离；梳理分离机构能将揉搓后粘连在韧皮表面的大部分麻骨去除，起到梳理鲜皮上屑骨的作用。样机的鲜茎出皮率为10.90%～21.36%，剥净率为61.50%～78.33%，生产率为108.67～174.22 kg/h，纤维强度为4.90～5.61 cN/dtex，可实现大麻鲜茎的皮骨分离。