Applications of Chemical Learning Evaluation Based on Bloom＇s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives

In this paper, Law of Conservation of Mass （＂The Law＂）, one content standard of junior middle school chemistry, was decomposed based on The Revision of Bloom＇s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives （＂The Revision＂） and placed in the classification table. In order to understand the teaching objectives more, the relationship between the related activities was studied. Teachers can design the teaching plans based on teaching objective, and determine different evaluations method according to different types of teaching objectives. It will raise students more cognitive activities and promote targeted objectives teaching.

Effective Face-to-faceTutorials of Online English Learning Lie in Interaction of Affective Domain and Higher Levels of Cognitive Domain of Bloom＇s Taxonomy

Online English learning as an outcome of the rapid development of the Internet has got a wider and wider market in China. However, problems of varieties have also occurred along its way. People never stop thinking of better strategies either in designing online course wares or tutorials to help smooth the learning process. My experience as a tutor is that interaction of affective domain and higher levels of cognitive domain of Bloom＇s Taxonomy plays an important role in face-to-face tutorials of online English learning.

Beyond Bloom’s: Students’ Perception of Bloom’s Taxonomy and its Convolution with Cognitive Load

Bloom’s taxonomy is widely used in educational research to categorize the cognitive skills required to answer exam questions.For this study,we analyzed how students categorize exam questions(high-level question or low-level question,)gathered data as to their rationale for categorization,and compared their categorizations to those of experts.We found that students consistently rank high-level questions incorrectly.We analyzed student reasons for their categorizations,and found that for many of the incorrectly categorized questions the students referred to reasons related to Cognitive Load Theory.This shows that cognitive load prevents students from accurately assessing the cognitive level of an exam question.Thus,extra cognitive load in exam questions may prevent those questions from accurately measuring the skills and knowledge of the student.This points to the need for instructors to eliminate cognitive load from their exams.

Communicating Different and Higher across the Praxis of Bloom’s Taxonomy While Shifting toward Health at Every Size (HAES)

The majority of recent studies on prevention and control of childhood obesity focus on methods for achieving weight loss. In contrast, the Health at Every Size (HAES) paradigm fosters improved health behaviors for people of all sizes by emphasizing natural diversity of body type and attention to social, emotional, and spiritual factors in addition to physical ones. This study examined introduction of the HAES paradigm to student teachers using different communication models while moving across the learning domains of Bloom’s Taxonomy. The qualitative research tested a face-to-face verbal communication model and a Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) module and its blog. It was also based upon reflection diaries recorded by participants using both models. Participants included Druze, Jewish, and Bedouin students at a teacher training program in northern Israel. The student teachers succeeded in developing the HAES concepts further while demonstrating the higher domain levels across Bloom’s Taxonomy. These higher levels emerged when engaging with theoretical concepts and practical dilemmas relating to the HAES concepts of health promotion, body image, well-being, and self-worth. Challenging the appreciation of HAES using different communication models can be translated into diverse contexts of Health Education Practices.

Rasch Model Assessment for Bloom Digital Taxonomy Applications

Assessment using Bloom’s taxonomy levels has evolved in a variety of contexts and uses.In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic,which necessitates use of online assessment,the need for teachers to use digital-based taxonomy skills or Bloom’s Digital Taxonomy(BDT)has increased even more.However,the existing studies on validity and reliability of BDT items are limited.To overcome this limitation,this study aims to test whether BDT has good psychometric characteristics as a teacher’s self-assessment tool using the Rasch model analysis and to investigate the pattern of BDT usage in teaching and learning.By using a quantitative online survey design,this study involves six levels of BDT,namely,Remembering,Understanding,Applying,Analyzing,Evaluating,and Creating.The questionnaire was developed and validated by two experts prior to administration.A stratified random sampling technique was conducted on 774 secondary teachers from five geographical zones in Malaysia,and the Rasch model was analyzed using WINSTEPS 3.71 software.The performances of items improved by Rasch psychometric assessment including the application of BDT among teachers.The hierarchy level was also assessed through graphical analysis,including the Wright map and bubble chart,to demonstrate the powerful performance of the Rasch model analysis in investigating item quality and reliability.Overall,these empirically validated items using the Rasch model could advance the academic knowledge of BDT for future assessment and promote the Rasch calibration in an educational setting.

Application of Bloom’s Taxonomy in the Formation of Students’ Solving Skills

This project is a study of Bloom’s taxonomy in mathematics. Two groups of 7th Grade students were used to carry out the study, each undertaking a different set of tests at three different levels;the standard traditional test format and the new test based on Bloom’s taxonomy format. The study was aimed at comparing the differences in the outcomes between the two test formats based on the mathematics performances of the students. This study shows how Bloom’s taxonomy can be utilized to develop a clear methodology for creating a test direction when compiling reports and in conducting an experimental assessment of students’ performance.

Applying Project Based Learning to Flipped Bloom Taxonomy for Deep Understanding in Control Systems

The peculiar nature of control theory as a course that cut across a lot of major engineering disciplines calls for a look into how its learning can best be done without students feeling like they are wasting their time.This paper takes a look at control theory as subject cut across various engineering field and has a wide background that students must really be comfortable with.Its wide application and background pose a huge challenge to the teaching of control.It goes further to look into traditional method of teaching,Project-Based Learning Blooms Taxonomy.It then proposes applying Flipped Bloom Taxonomy to Project-based learning for a deep understanding of control systems.

Application of Bloom's Taxonomy for Affective Learning and Teaching in College English Class

Based on B.S.Bloom's Taxonomy for affective learning and teaching,an overview of how to apply affective teaching into English teaching is demonstrated.It is argued that to cultivate students'affective characteristics should be an indispensable objective in college English teaching.

基于Bloom分类法的CS1试题数据集的构建及其自动分类

课程评估是教学改革的一个关键环节,涉及教学案例、试题以及课堂教学等方面的内容。针对计算课程的试题评估,引入Bloom分类法,以普林斯顿大学和桂林电子科技大学“计算机科学导论”课程(CS1)的试题为语料库,给出针对CS1的Bloom分类法认知过程维度和知识维度的相应动词种子库和名词种子库,对试题所能达到的Bloom分类法二维矩阵的位置进行标注,构建CS1试题分类数据集。采用机器学习技术,给出CS1试题自动分类模型TFERNIE-LR,该模型由CSTFPOS-IDF算法、ERNIE模型和LR分类器3部分组成。CSTFPOS-IDF算法是在TFPOS-IDF算法的基础上,通过计算课程关键词权重因子,来提高模型对计算课程关键词的关注程度,生成词权重。同时,基于实体知识增强预训练模型ERNIE进行试题词语级向量嵌入,组合词权重和词语级向量生成用于自动分类的试题文本向量。最后,采用LR分类器将试题自动分类到Bloom分类法二维矩阵。实验结果表明,TFERNIE-LR模型具有良好的性能,在认知过程维度和知识维度上的加权精确率分别达到了83.3%和96.1%。

Spatial and diel variations of the prokaryotic community in the Phaeocystis globosa blooms area of Beibu Gulf,China

While prokaryotes play key roles in nutrient cycling and energy flow during Phaeocystis globosa blooms,the information on the spatial and diel temporal distribution of the prokaryotic community during Phaeocystis blooms remains scarce.In January 2019,we used high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to explore the spatial and diel variations of particle-attached(PA)and free-living(FL)prokaryotic communities during the blooming phase of P.globosa in Beibu Gulf,Guangxi,China.The results suggested a significant spatial variation pattern in the horizontal distribution of prokaryotic communities,while there was no significant difference in the vertical direction.Both spatial distance and environmental variables shaped the horizontal distribution of the prokaryotic community structure,while environmental variables,particularly the abundance of P.globosa colony and Chl a,showed more significant influence and were closely related to the structure and variation of the prokaryotic community.Strong vertical mixing of the water column disrupted the vertical structure heterogeneity of the prokaryotic community in winter.There were significant differences in the diel samples of PA prokaryotic communities,but not in the FL prokaryotic communities.Nitrate,ammonium and the abundance of P.globosa colony were the key environmental variables impacting the diel variations of prokaryotic communities over the sampling period.The present study provided valuable information to depict the spatial-temporal variations of the microbial community and its association with environmental parameters during P.globosa bloom in the tropical gulf.

Behavior Targeting Based on Hierarchical Taxonomy Aggregation for Heterogeneous Online Shopping Applications

Behavior targeting(BT)based on individual web-browsing history has become more valuable in precision marketing for many companies through capturing users’interest and preference.It is common in practice that the behavior data collected from different online shopping applications are inconsistent since they are labelled by different item taxonomy,where the same behavior could have different representations and therefore analysis confusion arises.To address this issue,we propose a semantic similarity based strategy to transform the heterogeneous behavior extracted from deep packet inspection(DPI)data of a telecommunication operator into a unique standard one.The Word Mover’s Distance algorithm is exploited to evaluate the semantic similarity of the distributed representations of two web-browsing histories.Moreover,the architecture of the behavior targeting platform on Hadoop is implemented,which is capable of processing data with size of PB level every day.

Toxicity of Chemotherapy in a Patient with Bloom Syndrome＇s Diagnosis

Bloom＇s syndrome is a rare disease that is related to an increased risk of developing malignant neoplasm. The patient reported was followed up with several hospital staff when she was diagnosed with gastric cancer, but unfortunately, she had already peritoneal implants in moment of the surgery approach. It has been reported in the literature that patients with this syndrome present greater toxicity to the chemotherapeutic treatment, however due to the rarity of the disease, it is not known exactly how the adjustment of these drugs should be performed and which is the better protocol to use. Palliative chemotherapy was proposed, but after receiving one dose of the initially treatment, she developed severe and limiting toxicity.

Current Trend of Metagenomic Data Analytics for Cyanobacteria Blooms

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms are a major threat to freshwater eco-systems globally. To deal with this threat, researches into the cyanobacteria bloom in fresh water lakes and rivers have been carried out all over the world. This review presents an overlook of studies on cyanobacteria blooms. Conventional studies mainly focus on investigating the environmental factors influencing the blooms, with their limitation in lack of viewing the microbial community structures. Metagenomics study provides insight into the internal community structure of the cyanobacteria at the blooming, and there are researchers reported that sequence data was a better predictor than environmental factors. This further manifests the significance of the metagenomic study. However, large number of the latter appears to be confined only to present snapshoot of the microbial community diversity and structure. This type of investigation has been valuable and important, whilst an effort to integrate and coordinate the conventional approaches that largely focus on the environmental factors control, and the Metagenomics approaches that reveals the microbial community structure and diversity, implemented through machine learning techniques, for a holistic and more comprehensive insight into the cause and control of Cyanobacteria blooms, appear to be a trend and challenge of the study of this field.

Neomicrocoleus gen.nov.(Microcoleaceae,Oscillatoriales),a novel cyanobacterial genus from benthic mats in a water channel

A new filamentous cyanobacterial strain(CHAB 4127)was successfully isolated from the algal mat during the field investigation of the open channel from Luanhe River to Tianjin,China.The polyphasic approach combining morphological,ultrastructural,ecological,and molecular features was used to characterize this studied strain.The strain is morphologically similar to the Microcoleus-like cyanobacterial taxa under light microscopy,and the radial arrangement of thylakoids is also consistent with that of Microcoleus-like groups.The phylogenetic position of CHAB 4127 based on 16S rRNA gene sequences,is shown to be clearly clustered into an independent clade with the newly established genus Microcoleusiopsis.The maximum similarity of 16S r RNA gene of the studied strain with other existing related cyanobacterial taxa is 93.97%,and the ITS secondary structures is also obviously different from other members of Microcoleaceae.Based on all the above evidence,we proposed the establishment of this novel cyanobacterial genus as Neomicrocoleus,with its type species,Neomicrocoleus tianjinensis.

Technical improvements of Baosteel EAF bloom caster production line

This paper presents the improvements on equipment and process technologies of Baosteel EAF Bloom Caster Production Line.By using the new VOD equipment,super low carbon super 13Cr was successfully made;By applying and developing the Soft Reduction technology,very good results were achieved on high quality steel grades such as tire cord steel,bear steel,hi-alloy steel;the ladle Anti-Slag Detector is normally applied,based on the detail analysis during the performance test period,the Detector gives out slag entrapment alarms 7-9 s average before slag flows into tundish.By optimizing production control points of each key process,great achievements are realized on high quality steel grades such as tire cord steel,bear steel,hi-alloy steel and hi-S/Al steel,etc.Some achievements and technical indices are presented,too.

中国沿海球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)的分类、分布及其藻华

球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel)是全球海洋广泛分布的有害藻华种类。1997年 10月,中国东南沿海首次暴发了此种藻类的大规模藻华,其后陆续在福建、广东、广西、海南、河北及天津等省市沿海暴发多起同种藻华。中国近海的球形棕囊藻藻华呈现两大独有的特点,即藻类囊体较大(可达 3厘米),以及藻华可毒害养殖业。历经 20多年,球形棕囊藻在中国沿海已从一个"藻华新记录种"变成了"藻华常见种"。值得注意的是,2014年以来,广西北部湾海域棕囊藻藻华肆虐,威胁核电冷源安全,受到了社会高度关注,也对球形棕囊藻藻华的研究提出了新的挑战与要求。针对这一生态灾害的最新发展趋势,本文总结了 20年来中国球形棕囊藻及其藻华灾害的发生与发展状况,分别就棕囊藻的分类、生活史特征、营养特性、藻华形成的环境驱动因素、生态毒理等诸多方面开展简要综述,冀望为棕囊藻藻华的研究及防治提供基础资料及思路。

欧李自交不亲和S基因的克隆及序列分析

以6株欧李优选株系为实验材料，利用引物EM—PC2consFD和EM—PC3consRD对欧李进行S等位基因的专一性PCR扩增、克隆测序，获得了9个大小不同的序列，经BLAST分析确定为欧李的9个新S基因，分别命名为S1～S9，GenBank登录号依次为EF569602、EF569603、EF577404、EF577405、EF595836、EF595837、EF601047、EF653137、EF653138，并确定了6株欧李优选株系的S基因型。依据欧李的9个新S基因和李属其它S基因构建系统树，聚类结果显示李、杏、梅、欧李、扁桃及甜樱桃种间相互交叉，表明李属果树的S基因起源于共同的祖先；李、杏、梅、扁桃及甜樱桃应归为一个属，即李属；并初步探讨了欧李的分类地位。

胶州湾有毒藻华形成种里氏金色藻(Chrysochromulina leadbeateri)的分类学研究

利用光学显微镜和透射电镜对从青岛胶州湾海水样品中分离的一种微型鞭毛藻进行了超微结构和分类学研究。结果表明,该藻为里氏金色藻(Chrysochromulina leadbeateri Estep,Davis,Hargraveset Sieburth)。其特征为:细胞呈球形,直径4—6μm,两条鞭毛略不等长,分别为8—10μm和12—16μm。一条定鞭能够卷曲,完全伸展后约20—30μm。细胞外被两层不同类型的圆形鳞片,都具十字形中央。外层鳞片表面有放射状细纹,内层鳞片在周边环上有25—30个穿孔。细胞一般有两个色素体,每个色素体内有一个包埋的蛋白核。里氏金色藻曾在挪威沿岸形成大规模有毒藻华,并引起养殖鱼类大量死亡。该种为我国的新记录种。

OBE模式下翻转实验课堂设计方法——以SET协议实验课堂为例

OBE模式与翻转课堂的结合使得教学方式更有利于培养目标的达成,文章针对信息管理与信息系统专业信息系统安全课程,使用布鲁姆目标分类理论确定课程的培养目标,选取SET协议模拟实验系统设计项目,使用理查德课程设计模型构建翻转实验课堂的组织步骤及考核体系。结果表明,OBE理念下以学生为主体的翻转实验课堂教学模式使学生学习目标更为明确,团队合作意识更强,同时知识的综合运用能力和创新能力均能得到有效提升,相比于传统实验课堂,翻转实验课堂对于培养目标的达成更为有效。

Bloom目标分类法在产科实习带教中的应用

目的探讨Bloom教育目标分类法在产科实习带教中的应用。方法依据Bloom目标教育分类法,从认知目标、技能目标、情感目标三个方面对产科实习目标进行设计,其中认知目标又分为:记忆,理解;应用,分析,综合,评价6个层次。根据大纲的要求,建立产科实习的教育目标体系及具体的实习带教方案。将在产科实习的临床专业的学生随机分成两组,实验组按Bloom教育目标体系带教,对照组按传统方法带教。考核内容包括四方面:日常考勤、综合情况、理论考核、技能考核。产科实习结束进行考核评分。用t检验对两组学生的实习成绩进行分析。结果实验组和对照组的总实习成绩和技能考核的成绩差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Bloom目标教学理论使学生在临床技能的培训方面得到较有质量的训练,在产科临床实习带教中有应用价值。