Super-Boost变换器的工作模式及输出纹波电压分析

Super-Boost变换器代替传统的充、放电模块可大大减小电源的质量和体积,提高其功率密度,因此在空间电力系统中具有广阔的应用前景。但由于Super-Boost变换器有多个功率元件,且存在电感电流反向流动特性,导致其供能模式及输出纹波电压较传统Boost变换器复杂。为了给Super-Boost变换器的分析和设计提供正确的理论指导,对Super-Boost变换器供能模式及输出纹波电压进行了深入研究。研究发现,电感L_(1)和L_(2)均存在连续导电模式、伪连续导电模式和伪断续导电模式等工作模式,建立各工作模式的临界电感和输出纹波电压解析数学模型,探讨峰值电流与电感间的关系,得到了满足设计要求的最小电容和最小电感,据此给出了变换器参数设计方法,实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。

基于WOA-VMD-XGBoost的混凝土坝变形预测

建立混凝土坝高精准变形预测模型是掌握坝体结构服役性态的关键,而其变形监测数据具有复杂的非线性和非平稳特征,会影响预测模型的精度及泛化能力。针对上述问题,引入鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)和包络熵理论自适应寻优变分模态分解(VMD)参数,根据最佳参数组合多尺度分解变形数据,得到多个不同特征尺度的本征模态函数(IMF)。通过重构分量为新分量,将新分量分别输入极端梯度提升(XGBoost)模型中进行预测,叠加各预测结果得到最终预测值。基于山口岩碾压混凝土拱坝变形监测数据,开展支持向量回归机(SVR)、随机森林(RF)、XGBoost、WOA-VMD-XGBoost等4种模型的精度、泛化能力对比研究。结果表明:相比于单一预测模型,组合模型有效挖掘了变形信号多尺度特征,降低了非线性、非平稳性对模型性能的影响,在精度、泛化能力中表现出更高性能。该组合模型为大坝变形监测提供了理论依据和应用参考。

基于能量模型的临界导通模式Boost变换器软开关方法

在变换器高频化发展的趋势中,功率器件的软开关实现对变换效率的影响更加突出。无辅助电路的临界导通工作模式下,Boost变换器主开关管在特定增益下无法实现软开关。为此,该文提出一种能量模型及相应的软开关实现方法。首先,建立死区前后储能元件能量变化的数学模型。然后,结合死区起止时刻的能量平衡方程,研究软开关无法实现的电路机理。在此基础上,考虑开关管输出电容非线性特征,提出软开关实现方法,避免了复杂谐振过程的时域精确建模,提高软开关实现的准确性。最后,搭建500W实验样机进行实验,结果表明,相较于对谐振过程建模的传统时域模型,所提方法将实际开通电压降低47%,使峰值变换效率提升0.4%,进而验证了其有效性。

引入负载扰动观测的Boost变换器定频滑模控制

针对传统线性控制方法下Boost变换器存在系统动态性能差和对负载扰动鲁棒性不强的问题,从功率平衡的角度提出1种定频滑模电流控制方法。首先,利用负载电流观测值计算维持输出电压稳定所需的输入功率;其次,通过控制电感电流调整变换器输入功率,从而将系统的状态轨迹限制在对负载扰动具有不变性的滑模面上,保证系统大信号稳定并提升其动态性能;最后,基于等效控制原理,通过PWM技术实现等效滑模控制,避免了传统滑模控制中存在的抖振及开关频率不稳定问题。在Simulink中对Boost变换器负载阶跃变换的工况进行仿真,将所提方法与传统线性控制方法对比。结果表明,采用所提方法,系统的动态性能更好,且能保证系统在负载大范围扰动下的大信号稳定。

考虑噪声影响的MEMD-XGBoost方法在GNSS高程时间序列建模和预测中的应用

全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)高程时间序列研究有助于监测和分析地壳板块运动,可以为研究人员判断区域运动趋势提供依据。基于经验模态分解和极端梯度提升算法构建了MEMD-XGBoost模型来预测分析GNSS高程时间序列。为了验证模型的预测性能,实验选取8个GNSS站高程时间序列数据进行预测实验,特征构造结果显示,多次经验模态分解可以准确地提取原始时间序列信息,提供有效特征。建模结果表明,MEMD-XGBoost模型可以有效改善数据质量。预测结果表明,MEMD-XGBoost模型预测结果具有较高的精度和准确率,误差离散程度较小,模型具有较强的稳定性和鲁棒性,可以较好地预测出GNSS站高程方向的运动趋势和季节性变化。因此,该模型可以应用于GNSS高程时间序列建模和预测研究。

Mode shift and stability control of a current mode controlled buck-boost converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode with ramp compensation

By establishing the discrete iterative mapping model of a current mode controlled buck-boost converter, this paper studies the mechanism of mode shift and stability control of the buck-boost converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode with a ramp compensation current. With the bifurcation diagrazn, Lyapunov exponent spectrum, time- domain waveform and parameter space map, the performance of the buck-boost converter circuit utilizing a compensating ramp current has been analysed. The obtained results indicate that the system trajectory is weakly chaotic and strongly intermittent under discontinuous conduction mode. By using ramp compensation, the buck-boost converter can shift from discontinuous conduction mode to continuous conduction mode, and effectively operates in the stable period-one region.

Sampled-data modeling and dynamical effect of output-capacitor time-constant for valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter

By analyzing the output voltage ripple of a buck-boost converter with large equivalent series resistance（ESR） of output capacitor, one valley voltage-mode controller for buck-boost converter is proposed. Considering the fact that the increasing and decreasing slopes of the inductor current are assumed to be constant during each switching cycle, an especial sampleddata model of valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter is established. Based on this model, the dynamical effect of an output-capacitor time-constant on the valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter is revealed and analyzed via the bifurcation diagrams, the movements of eigenvalues, the Lyapunov exponent spectra, the boundary equations,and the operating-state regions. It is found that with gradual reduction of output-capacitor time-constant, the buck-boost converter in continuous conduction mode（CCM） shows the evolutive dynamic behavior from period-1 to period-2, period-4, period-8, chaos, and invalid state. The stability boundary and the invalidated boundary are derived theoretically by stability analysis, where the stable state of valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter can enter into an unstable state, and the converter can shift from the operation region to a forbidden region. These results verified by time-domain waveforms and phase portraits of both simulation and experiment indicate that the sampled-data model is correct and the time constant of the output capacitor is a critical factor for valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter, which has a significant effect on the dynamics as well as control stability.

非最小相位的单电感双输出Buck-Boost变换器的复合控制方法

单电感双输出Buck-Boost (SIDO Buck-Boost)变换器在电感电流连续模式(CCM)下工作存在交叉影响以及非最小相位特性的问题.为了解决上述问题,提出基于储能函数的扩张状态观测器(ESO)的改进非奇异快速终端滑模(NFTSM)和自抗扰控制(ADRC)相结合的控制策略.设计主路控制器,对系统的传递函数进行拟合得到ADRC范式,利用该范式对主路进行解耦控制.设计支路控制器,采用改进型ESO对储能函数进行观测,并将观测值反馈补偿到非奇异快速终端滑模控制律中,达到支路解耦的效果.为了抑制滑模控制的抖振问题,对趋近律进行改进.利用Lyapunov理论证明系统稳定性.基于硬件在环(HIL)实验平台进行实验验证.结果表明,所提控制策略与PI控制策略以及基于ESO的滑模控制策略相比,在超调量和响应时间上具有较好的效果.

Inductor Current Sampled Feedback Control of Chaos in Current-Mode Boost Converter

A chaos control strategy for chaotic current-mode boost converter is presented by using inductor current sampled feedback control technique.The quantitative analysis of control mechanism is performed by establishing a discrete alterative map of the controlled system.The stability criterion,feedback gain,and corresponding critical duty ratio are obtained from the eigenvalue of the map.The simulation results verify the t heoretical analysis results of the control strategy.

一种新型的CRM-Boost APFC控制方法

介绍了Boost-APFC电路工作在临界导通模式下的优势。针对传统单相CRM-Boost APFC电压模式控制方法存在PI参数调试时间较长、调节效果较差、不稳定因素增加等不足,提出了一种有静态工作点的单相CRMBoost APFC电压模式控制方法,并通过PSIM仿真验证了该方法的优点。针对新型交错控制方法存在PI参数调试时间较长、不稳定因素增加等不足和需要额外使用一个电压控制电流源的情况,提出了一种改进型两相交错并联CRM-Boost APFC电压模式控制方法,并且完成了PSIM仿真,功率因数高达99.96%。制作了一台4kW的两相交错并联CRM-Boost APFC实验样机,并进行了实验调试,功率因数达到了99.66%,效率为98.02%。

基于R-L分数阶定义的PCCM Boost变换器建模与分析

研究了基于R-L分数阶定义的电感电流伪连续PCCM(pseudo-continuous conduction mode)Boost变换器模型,并由此导出了变换器的状态平均模型,然后推导出升压比,直流静态工作点,电感电流波纹以及输出电压波纹的表达式。结果表明,与基于Caputo分数阶定义下的变换器模型相应表达式比较,R-L分数阶定义下的直流静态工作点和升压比不仅与占空比相关,而且还与电感和电容的阶数有关,输出电压波纹的表达式不仅与分数阶电感的阶数α有关,与分数阶电容的阶数β也相关。电感和电容的阶数对状态变量的直流分量和分数阶PCCM Boost的稳态特性有很大影响。最后,在MATLAB/SIMULINK中搭建了R-L分数阶PCCM Boost变换器数学模型和电路模型,仿真结果显示R-L分数阶PCCM Boost变换器模型的分析结果比其他PCCM Boost模型的分析结果更加稳定,误差更小。

SLIDE-MODE CONTROL SCHEME WITH DYNAMIC MODIFYING ERRORS FOR BOOST CONVERTER

A novel control scheme is presented by using sliding-mode control for boost converter operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM). Although the non-ideal switching condition and physical constraint of the control are considered on the base of equivalent control, the scheme is still simple. By modifying the sliding-modc errors in each switching period, the steady-state errors and chattering can be substantially reduced. Simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis and show the improvement of the converter’s start-up behavior and low sensitivity to external perturbation.

Investigation of the Mechanism of Tangent Bifurcation in Current Mode Controlled Boost Converter

Tangent bifurcation is a special bifurcation in nonlinear dynamic systems. The investigation of the mechanism of the tangent bifurcation in current mode controlled boost converters operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) is performed. The one-dimensional discrete iterative map of the boost converter is derived. Based on the tangent bifurcation theorem, the conditions of producing the tangent bifurcation in CCM boost converters are deduced mathematically. The mechanism of the tangent bifurcation in CCM boost is exposed from the viewpoint of nonlinear dynamic systems. The tangent bifurcation in the boost converter is verified by numerical simulations such as discrete iterative maps, bifurcation map and Lyapunov exponent. The simulation results are in agreement with the theoretical analysis, thus validating the correctness of the theory.

断续模式下的半无桥Boost PFC变换器设计

半无桥Boost功率因数校正(PFC)变换器凭借其桥臂无直通风险的优势,广泛应用于军工、医疗等高可靠性应用场合。电流断续模式(DCM)下,Boost PFC变换器具有零电流开通、二极管无反向恢复等优点。针对传统控制方式下输入电压过高导致的电流畸变和功率因数降低等问题,首先在恒定占空比控制的基础上详细推导了变占空比的控制方式,从而在全范围内提高功率因数。其次,为解决传统的半无桥Boost PFC变换器使用2个功率电感带来的系统体积、占板面积大等问题,采用完全解耦的磁集成方式来提高功率密度。最后,搭建了1台150 W基于完全解耦磁集成的半无桥Boost PFC变换器,实验验证了所提方案的有效性。

An Adaptive Slope Compensation Circuit for Peak Current Mode of Boost Switching Power Supply

Based on the analysis of the basic principle of slope compensation, a high-precision adaptive slope compensation circuit for peak current mode boost DC/DC converter is designed. The circuit dynamically detects the input and output voltage of the boost circuit to realize automatic adjustment of the compensation amount with the change of duty ratio, which makes the ramp compensation slope optimized. The design uses a high-precision subtracter to improve the accuracy of slope compensation. While eliminating sub-slope oscillation and improving the stability of boost circuit, the negative impact of compensation on boost circuit is minimized, and the load capacity and transient response speed of boost circuit are guaranteed. The circuit is designed based on SMIC 0.18um CMOS technology, with simple structure, high reliability and easy engineering implementation. Spectre circuit simulator 17.1.0.124 64b simulation results show that the circuit has high compensation accuracy and wide input and output voltage range. When the working voltage is 3.3 V, the compensation slope can be adjusted adaptively under different duty cycles, and the minimum error between the compensation slope and the theoretical optimal compensation slope is only 0.42%.

基于k值调制三电平Boost PFC变换器的变占空比控制

随着国家大力发展城市轨道交通,不间断电源(uninterruptible power supply,UPS)系统作为关键供电装置,具有重要的研究意义和价值。为了满足相关电能质量法规的要求,集成功率因数校正(power factor correction,PFC)输入级是保证轨道交通基础设施设备供电的UPS系统的重要要求。三电平Boost PFC在采用传统载波调制时,在一定的输入电压范围内输入电流始终为零,导致变换器功率因数校正效果较差。因此,提出一种基于k值调制的变占空比控制的方法,不仅可以解决高输入电压下传统载波调制存在的问题,且可进一步抑制输入电流的畸变从而提高输入电流波形质量。首先介绍了这种k值调制方法,分析了其原理以及k值对变换器功率因数和电感电流有效值的影响。在此基础上,结合电压平衡策略对k值进行优化,解决直流侧输出电容电压上下不均衡问题。最后,针对高输入电压下输入电流仍然严重畸变的问题,提出一种基于k值调制的可变占空比控制方法,分析了变占空比控制对变换器功率因数、输出功率、电压纹波以及电感电流峰值的影响。最后通过仿真和搭建小功率实验平台,验证了所提控制方法的正确性和有效性。

Boost DC-DC变换器连续导电模式解析

DC-DC变换器是“电力电子技术基础”课程的重要入门变换器,优选教学内容并合理布局,有助于学生养成良好的学习和思维习惯。根据电感电流的连续性以及负载电阻供电来源的差异性,Boost DC-DC变换器具有多种工作模式,包括连续导电模式(CCM)、临界导电模式(CRM)和断续导电模式(DCM)。其中CCM又可分为电感完全供能模式(CCM-CISM)和电感不全供能模式(CCM-IISM)。在理论分析和推导CCM-CISM与CCM-CISM临界电感表达式基础上,对几种典型工作模式采用Matlab/Simulink进行仿真验证。所得结果有助于加深学生对Booost DC-DC变换器工作原理的理解,引导学生学会深度思考和自行仿真验证随时产生的设想。

一种BCM Boost PFC电路的VCFF控制策略

临界导通模式Boost功率因素校正(PFC)电路通常采用恒定导通时间(COT)控制策略,导致开关频率的变化与输入电压、输出功率以及电感有关,轻载下过高的开关频率将影响电路的转换效率,故提出一种谷底计数频率反走(VCFF)控制策略。通过检测MOS管两端电压谷底计数,使电路轻载时工作在断续模式,从而降低开关频率以提升轻载效率。实验结果表明,相比于COT控制策略,所提控制策略能够有效提高轻载效率。输入电压为220 Vrms下,10%~50%负载时效率在0.96以上。

Robust Nonlinear Current Sensorless Control of the Boost Converter with Constant Power Load

The boost converter feeding a constant power load (CPL) is a non-minimum phase system that is prone to the destabilizing effects of the negative incremental resistance of the CPL and presents a major challenge in the design of stabilizing controllers. A PWM-based current-sensorless robust sliding mode controller is developed that requires only the measurement of the output voltage. An extended state observer is developed to estimate a lumped uncertainty signal that comprises the uncertain load power and the input voltage, the converter parasitics, the component uncertainties and the estimation of the derivative of the output voltage needed in the implementation of the controller. A linear sliding surface is used to derive the controller, which is simple in its design and yet exhibits excellent features in terms of robustness to external disturbances, parameter uncertainties, and parasitics despite the absence of the inductor’s current feedback. The robustness of the controller is validated by computer simulations.

基于PRSGMD-XGBoost的光伏直流电能质量扰动识别

光伏电网受天气因素和非线性负载等影响,直流电信号中存在的扰动成分使得电能质量评估的准确性难以保障。利用复合多尺度模糊熵可克服光伏直流电信号初始单分量相似性度量突变的问题,构建了正则化CMFE算子评估各初始单分量重构后的复杂度并约束残余量能量最小,从而实现电信号和噪声等扰动的准确分离,在此基础上,提出了基于部分重构辛几何模态分解(PRSGMD)的光伏直流电信号自适应去噪方法,结合极限梯度提升机(XGBoost)可有效挖掘特征与暂态稳定性之间关系的优势,实现了光伏直流电信号中复合扰动的分离和识别。