Job－shop问题的Branch－bound方法

本文给出了Ｊｏｂ－ｓｈｏｐ问题的一种Ｂｒａｎｃｈ－ｂｏｕｎｄ方法。

Anchorage properties at the interface between soil and roots with branches

Roots play an important role in stabilizing and strengthening soil. This article aims to study the mechanical properties of the interface between soil and roots with branches, using the pullout test method in the laboratory. The mechanical properties of the soil-root with branches interface is determined through the pullout-force and root-slippage curve （F-S curve）. The results of investigating 24 Pinus tabulaeformis single roots and 55 P. tabulaeformis roots with branches demonstrated three kinds of pullout test failures： breakage failure on branching root, breakage failure on branching node, and pullout failure. The branch angle had a remarkable effect on the failure mode of the roots with branches： the maximum pullout force increased with the sum of the branch diameters and the branch angle. The peak slippage and the initial force had a positive correlation with the sum of the branch diameter. The sig- nificance test of correlation between branch angle and the initial force, however, showed they had no correlation. Branch angle and branch root diameter affect the anchorage properties between root system and soil. Therefore, it is important to investigate the anchorage mechanics of the roots with branches to understand the mechanism of root reinforcement and anchorage.

A branch-and-bound algorithm for multi-dimensional quadratic 0-1 knapsack problems

In this paper, a branch-and-bound method for solving multi-dimensional quadratic 0-1 knapsack problems was studied. The method was based on the Lagrangian relaxation and the surrogate constraint technique for finding feasible solutions. The Lagrangian relaxations were solved with the maximum-flow algorithm and the Lagrangian bounds was determined with the outer approximation method. Computational results show the efficiency of the proposed method for multi-dimensional quadratic 0-1 knapsack problems.

A branch-and-bound algorithm for discrete multi-factor portfolio optimization model

In this paper, a new branch-and-bound algorithm based on the Lagrangian dual relaxation and continuous relaxation is proposed for discrete multi-factor portfolio selection model with roundlot restriction in financial optimization. This discrete portfolio model is of integer quadratic programming problems. The separable structure of the model is investigated by using Lagrangian relaxation and dual search. Computational results show that the algorithm is capable of solving real-world portfolio problems with data from US stock market and randomly generated test problems with up to 120 securities.

A new sampling method in the Zagros forests using GIS(case study: Ilam forests of Iran)

One of the basic parameters in forest management planning is detailed knowledge of growing stock,information collected by forest inventory.Sampling methods must be accurate,inexpensive,and be easy to implement in the field.This study presents a new sampling method called branching transect for use in the Iranian Zagros forests and similar forests.Features of the new method include greater accuracy,easy implementation in nature,simplicity of statistical calculations,and low cost.In this method,transect is used,which includes some subtransects(side branches).The length of the main transect,side branches,number of trees measured in each side branch,and the number of sub-branches in this method are changeable based on homogeneity,heterogeneity,and density of a forest.In this study,based on the density and heterogeneity of the forest area studied,20-m transects with four and eight side branches were used.Sampling plots(Transects)in four inventory networks(100 m×100 m,100 m×150 m,150 m×150 m and 100 m×200 m)were implemented in the GIS environment.The results of this sampling method were compared to the results of total inventory(100%count)in terms of accuracy,precision(t-test),and inventory error percentage.Branching transect results were statistially similar to total inventory counts in all cases.The results show that this method of estimating density and canopy per hectare can be used in Zagros forests and similar forests.

Simulation of fluctuation effect on dendrite growth by phase field method

The dendrite growth process was simulated with the phase field model coupling with the fluctuation.The effect of fluctuation intensity on the dendrite morphology and that of the thermal fluctuation together with the phase field fluctuation on the forming of side branches were investigated.The results indicate that with the decrease of thermal fluctuation amplitude,the furcation of dendrite tip also decreases,transverse dendrites become stronger,longitudinal dendrites become degenerated,Doublon structure disappears,and a quite symmetrical dendrite structure appears finally.Thermal fluctuation can result in the unsteadiness of dendrites side branches,and it is also the main reason for forming side branches.The phase field fluctuation has a little contribution to the side branches,and it is usually ignored in calculation.When the thermal fluctuation amplitude(F_u) is appropriate,the thermal noise can result in the side branches,but cannot change the steady behavior of the dendrites tip.

Block Based Bivariate Blending Rational Interpolation via Symmetric Branched Continued Fractions

This paper constructs a new kind of block based bivariate blending rational interpolation via symmetric branched continued fractions. The construction process may be outlined as follows. The first step is to divide the original set of support points into some subsets (blocks). Then construct each block by using symmetric branched continued fraction. Finally assemble these blocks by Newton’s method to shape the whole interpolation scheme. Our new method offers many flexible bivariate blending rational interpolation schemes which include the classical bivariate Newton’s polynomial interpolation and symmetric branched continued fraction interpolation as its special cases. The block based bivariate blending rational interpolation is in fact a kind of tradeoff between the purely linear interpolation and the purely nonlinear interpolation. Finally, numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

基于分枝约界法的复材加筋板多模式多位置可靠性分析

为了解决复合材料结构失效呈现多模式、多位置并发式,探究了分枝约界方法(BBM)在复合材料多模式、多位置可靠性分析中的应用,并结合蒙特卡罗方法对多模式可靠度进行了求解。结合结构组成、承载状态“分枝”,识别所有可能的潜在失效模式,再结合结构特征、应力状态“约界”,确定主要失效模式和失效位置,建立多模式可靠性分析模型;通过复合材料独有的失效准则向安全边界方程进行转化,探索复合材料可靠性分析的方法和流程框架,并采用蒙特卡罗求解多模式、多位置失效的可靠度;开展T型复合材料加筋板在轴压载荷下的可靠性分析案例验证,通过使用分枝约界法计算规模减少75%,轴压载荷下加筋板多模式可靠度为0.998。

A Hybrid Decoupled Power Flow Method for Balanced Power Distribution Systems

This paper proposes a hybrid decoupled power flow method for balanced power distribution systems with distributed generation sources. The method formulates the power flow equations in active power and reactive power decoupled form with polar coordinates. Second-order terms are included in the active power mismatch iteration, and constant Jacobian and Hessian matrices are used. A hybrid direct and indirect solution technique is used to achieve efficiency and robustness of the algorithm. Active power correction is solved by means of a sparse lower triangular and upper triangular （LU） decomposition algorithm with partial pivoting, and the reactive power correction is solved by means of restarted generalized minimal residual algorithm with an incomplete LU pre-conditioner. Typical distribution generation models and distribution load models are included. The impact of zero-impedance branches is explicitly modeled through reconfiguring of the adjacent branches with impedances. Numerical examples on a sample distribution system with widespread photovoltaic installations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

基于开关流图法的Buck-Boost变换器小信号建模分析

阐述Buck-Boost变换器具有输出纹波低,电压可控等优点,广泛应用于新能源汽车电池发电、直流微电网。建立小信号模型有利于对电路系统主电路的控制和控制回路的设计。分析Buck-Boost变换器,利用开关流图法和信号支路的模型建立变换器的流图,从而推导出变换器的小型号模型。

支盘桩外轮廓跨孔超声波检测现场试验研究

目前有关定量评价支盘桩支盘/星支外轮廓检测方法局限于可行性研究,未有系统的、考虑实际工况的现场试验研究,无法为建立标准的支盘桩外轮廓检测提供有力支持。本研究开展支盘桩现场检测试验和理论研究,建立超声波透射法检测的技术工艺。首先,二次利用桩芯钻孔和打设桩周测斜管建立检测通道,通过地表管口建立直角坐标系并利用测斜数据进行测管定位以消除测管误差。其次,在混凝土内及桩周土内分别进行透射试验,测得超声波在混凝土和桩周土中的传递速度;利用跨孔超声波获得桩体超声波首波图,建立首波到达时间与桩身轮廓尺寸关系式,假设声波直线传播路径推导支盘轮廓尺寸。最后,考虑超声波在不同介质中的折射现象,依据Snell定律建立超声波透射法检测数据修正方法,并利用支盘桩几何关系计算出实际轮廓尺寸,形成支盘桩外轮廓跨孔超声波检测技术。研究表明超声波在桩身内传递的平均速度为4.24~4.36 km/s,与现场桩芯的平均速度4.27 km/s吻合;超声波在桩周土中传递速度随土层在1.65~1.8 km/s之间,与实际吻合。依据波列图计算的支盘位置和大体轮廓与设计相符,轮廓图显示桩身存在变形,基于Snell定律的修正算法可以更合理地计算支盘的实际轮廓尺寸。

基于TOPSIS的配电网结构优化及关键节点线路识别

为获取较优的配电网拓扑结构并识别网络关键节点和线路,提出一种综合多属性的配电网结构优化和关键节点线路识别方法。首先利用支路交换法获取多个配电网拓扑图,然后基于复杂网络理论构造抗毁性指标,接着采用改进的TOPSIS法找出最优网络,最后构造重要性指标识别关键节点和线路。以IEEE33和PG&E69节点系统为例,对网络做随机攻击,验证优化后的配电网具有更强的抗攻击能力;对配电网采取随机攻击和蓄意攻击,结果表明,在蓄意攻击中,网络的各项指标下降更加显著,证明本方法能够有效识别出关键节点和线路。

基于改进U-Net的冬季休眠期矮化苹果树修剪枝条分割方法

针对冬季休眠期矮化苹果树果园修剪中人工修剪及半自动化修剪作业效率低的问题,在U-Net网络模型基础上,通过VGG16与U-Net结合构建改进的U-Net网络模型,采用VGG16作为上采样特征提取网络,运用注意力机制SEnet增强图像特征提取能力,提升分割精度,进而与下采样提取的图像特征进行融合,实现端到端图像分割效果。结果表明,测试集上SE2网络模型(改进U-Net网络模型)的MIo U、MPA均大于原始U-Net网络模型;在SE2网络模型中,当r=8时测试集的MIo U、测试集的MPA、训练集的F_(score)、测试集的F_(score)均最大,分别为89.59%、94.17%、0.942806、0.944506;在试验台上对SE2网络模型(r=8)进行性能验证,表明SE2网络模型(r=8)分割性能较好。

考虑最少线路切换数量的电压稳定性增强优化方法

为提升电力系统的电压稳定性,提出一种基于输电线路切换的电压稳定性增强控制模型,该模型以最少的切换输电线路数量为目标来满足电力系统负荷裕度的提升需求。为灵活构建线路切换数学模型,提出基于支路追加法将线路切换融入原问题模型中。为降低模型求解难度,提出一种阶段式求解策略:基于负荷裕度对线路参数的灵敏度快速预筛选出可以提高系统负荷裕度的候选切换集,降低0-1整数变量的搜索范围;基于外逼近和松弛策略将原问题分解为2个子问题进行迭代求解,进一步提高模型的求解速度和精度。IEEE118节点和IEEE662节点系统仿真结果验证了所提模型与方法的有效性。

基于多支路采样法的电流重构技术研究

【目的】直流母线采样法因采用脉宽调制移相来补偿电流重构盲区会导致相电流引入额外谐波。针对此问题,本文提出了一种基于多支路采样法的电流重构方案。【方法】理论分析了直流母线采样法和多支路采样法的原理以及电流重构盲区的成因,并基于Matlab/Simulink对两种方案进行仿真对比分析。【结果】仿真结果表明,多支路采样法有效避免了直流母线采样法存在的低调制比区域和扇区边界盲区,降低了电流谐波含量,提高了电流重构的准确性。在电机转速为60 r/min时进行了试验,重构电流最大误差小于0.5 A。【结论】试验结果验证了所提多支路采样法电流重构方案的有效性和可行性。

基于直流外送的水风光大基地最优容量配比研究

水风光大基地一体化运行是提高直流外送通道利用率、增加清洁能源电量、降低成本电价的重要方式,其难点在于确定风光水大基地的最优容量配比。首先构建水风光大基地系统模型,然后以投资经济性最优为目标,以风光水出力特性、直流通道输送容量为约束,建立时序生产模拟模型,并采用分支定界法求解模型。以金下界河上的梯级电站为例,通过对比不同水风光配比下的新增电量、提升设备利用率和成本电价,给出兼顾环保性、安全性、经济性的最优配比。研究结果可为水风光大基地电规划与建设提供参考依据。

基于图卷积神经网络的机组组合问题加速求解方法

针对传统的精确优化算法求解规模较大的机组组合问题面临时间可行性的挑战,提出了一种基于图卷积神经网络的机组组合问题加速求解方法。将机组组合问题构建为一个混合整数线性规划模型,根据分支定界法的求解原理,将分支策略定义为从候选变量的特征到候选变量得分的映射关系;提出在离线阶段使用图卷积神经网络来模拟强分支策略的决策行为,并将学习到的映射关系应用到在线分支过程中,从而加速分支定界法求解机组组合问题。通过IEEE 39节点10机组和IEEE 118节点54机组系统的算例分析,验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于振动频率法的弦支结构索力测试方法研究

以某机场航站楼指廊为例,研究了弦支结构拉索索力测试的振动频率法。单跨索采用梁弯曲模型建立振动微分方程,根据拉索参数确定振动频率与索力的关系。研究表明:对于跨度较小、截面面积较大的拉索,需考虑抗弯刚度等参数的影响;采用加速度传感器实测拉索前三阶频率,根据频率与索力的关系公式计算出索力与油压表读数对比,误差最小为1.61%,吻合比较良好;根据多跨拉索的受力特点,采用MIDAS将拉索简化为多跨连续梁模型计算拉索前三阶频率,并与实测频率进行拟合,拟合后最小方差为0.856。研究结果对利用振动频率法测试弦支结构的索力具有一定的指导意义。

新能源接入的受端电网暂态电压失稳高风险故障快速筛选

大规模新能源接入和外地送电的增加,使得受端电网本地传统发电机无功支撑大大减少,面临暂态电压稳定问题,需要快速筛选出严重故障,以备系统预防控制和安控策略制定。该文提出了基于节点阻抗矩阵的故障点对电网暂态电压影响度指标,可用于快速筛选引发电网暂态电压失稳的关键故障点。首先,介绍了节点阻抗矩阵及其支路追加法;其次,提出反映节点故障对电网暂态电压影响程度的指标,可用于快速筛选高风险关键故障点;再次,结合升阶矩阵给出线路故障点的影响度指标;最后,改进IEEE 39节点系统及某省级电网仿真结果表明,所提指标可以快速筛选出对电网暂态电压影响显著的关键故障点。

某酒店排水斜立管的设计探讨

斜立管排水管的应用是解决建筑特殊造型的排水方式的一种尝试和创新。结合建筑独特造型,进行排水立管布置方式比选,确定采用排水斜立管的可行性。通过BIM模型分析斜立管的空间布置,选择最佳排水支管接入方式和角度。进行气液两相流仿真模拟,先开展相同高差条件下的竖直排水立管模拟,校验模拟数值与规范标准值的一致性,然后进行设计秒流量下的斜立管模拟,通过最不利点10 ms采样周期的中频波动气压最大值,来确定斜立管排水管的排水能力。