（Dis）Economies of Scale in Business Software Systems Development and Enhancement Projects

In the software engineering literature, it is commonly believed that economies of scale do not occur in case of software Development and Enhancement Projects （D＆EP）. Their per-unit cost does not decrease but increase with the growth of such projects product size. Thus this is diseconomies of scale that occur in them. The significance of this phenomenon results from the fact that it is commonly considered to be one of the fundamental objective causes of their low effectiveness. This is of particular significance with regard to Business Software Systems （BSS） D＆EP characterized by exceptionally low effectiveness comparing to other software D＆EP. Thus the paper aims at answering the following two questions： （1） Do economies of scale really not occur in BSS D＆EP？ （2） If economies of scale may occur in BSS D＆EP, what factors are then promoting them？ These issues classify into economics problems of software engineering research and practice.

Measuring the Complexity of Business Organization and Business Software Using Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP）

The paper shows a proposition of metrics for measuring the complexity of the business organization and business software. The metrics is based on a subjective estimation of complexity of the elements from a part of the structure of business organization or business software in relation to other elements from the observed part. Estimation is performed based on the measuring scale for comparison of complexity of elements, and reaching a final conclusion on the complexity of elements in relation to other elements, through the Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP）. Defined in this manner, the metrics represents a unique metrics for measuring the complexity of elements of business organization and business software, which enables their comparison. The paper also presents a short overview of existing metrics for measuring the complexity of business organization and business software.

Analysis and Visualization of Marketing, Statistical and Macroeconomic Data With GIS

The most common way to analyze economics data is to use statistics software and spreadsheets.The paper presents opportunities of modern Geographical Information System （GIS） for analysis of marketing, statistical, and macroeconomic data. It considers existing tools and models and their applications in various sectors. The advantage is that the statistical data could be combined with geographic views, maps and also additional data derived from the GIS. As a result, a programming system is developed, using GIS for analysis of marketing, statistical, macroeconomic data, and risk assessment in real time and prevention. The system has been successfully implemented as web-based software application designed for use with a variety of hardware platforms （mobile devices, laptops, and desktop computers）. The software is mainly written in the programming language Python, which offers a better structure and supports for the development of large applications. Optimization of the analysis, visualization of macroeconomic, and statistical data by region for different business research are achieved. The system is designed with Geographical Information System for settlements in their respective countries and regions. Information system integration with external software packages for statistical calculations and analysis is implemented in order to share data analyzing, processing, and forecasting. Technologies and processes for loading data from different sources and tools for data analysis are developed. The successfully developed system allows implementation of qualitative data analysis.