Radon (²²²Rn) Concentration in Fresh and Processed Coconut Water Using a RAD7 Detector

Coconut water has several uses that are beneficial to humans, mainly because of its nutritional and medicinal properties. In this study coconut water samples were collected from the fresh mature coconuts and from packaged processed coconut water to measure the radon concentrations in them. The results were used to estimate the annual effective radiation dose to the general adult population from ingestion of coconut water. The samples were analyzed for radon concentrations using the Durridge RAD-7 radon detector. The results of measured radon concentrations for the fresh mature coconut were ranged from 381.10 Bq·m-3 to 1716.80 Bq·m-3. The results for packaged processed coconut samples ranged from 68.08 Bq·m-3 to 556.85 Bq·m-3. The mean values for the samples were (1081.40 and 222.78) Bq·m-3 for the fresh and processed samples, respectively. The estimated mean annual effective doses (AED) due to ingestion of coconut water were 0.41 and 0.08 μSv·y-1 for fresh and processed samples, respectively. These values are significantly lower than the safe limits recommended by the World Health Organization and the European Commission of 0.1 mSv·y-1 and the maximum contamination level (MCL) of 11,000 Bq·m-3 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and so do not constitute a risk to consumers of coconut water.

Therapeutic effects of tender coconut water on oxidative stress in fructose fed insulin resistant hypertensive rats

Objective:To investigate whether tender coconut water(TCW) mitigates oxidative stress in fructose fed hypertensive rats.Methods:Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with fructose rich diet and treated with TCW(4 mL/100 g of body weight) for 3 subsequent weeks.Systolic blootl pressure was measured every three days using the indirect tail cuff method.At the end of the experimental period,plasma glucose and insulin,serum triglycerides and free fatly acids, lipid peroxidation markers(MDA,hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were analyzed in all the groups.Results:Treatment with TCW significandy lowered the systolic blood pressure and reduced serum triglycerides and free fatty acids.Plasma glucose and insulin levels and lipid peroxidation markers such as MDA,hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes were significantly reduced in fructose fed rats treated with TCW.Activities of antioxidant enzymes are up regulated significantly in TCW treated rats.Hislopathological analysis of liver showed that TCW treatment reduced the lipid accumulation and inflammatory infiltration without any significant hepatocellular damage.Conclusions:The overall results suggest that, TCW treatment could prevent and reverse high blood pressure induced by high fructose diet probably by inhibition of lipid peroxidation,upregulation of antioxidant status and improved insulin sensitivity.

The Role of Coconut Water on Nicotine-Induced Reproductive Dysfunction in Experimental Male Rat Model

The coconut water is the most nutritious wholesome beverage in all coconut producing countries. Folk medicine describes the use of coconut water to reduce toxic effects of nicotine and alcohol in reproductive function in men, but its direct evidence is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tender and mature coconut water consumption on nicotine induced changes in sperm quality, spermatogenic cell density, activity of testicular marker enzymes for spermatogenesis and testosterone level of male healthy rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with tender and mature coconut water intragastrically and nicotine subcutaneously for 15 days. The findings indicated that the coconut water supplementation improves epididymal spermatogenic cell density (p ≤ 0.05), sperm motility and morphology which were altered by nicotine. The activity of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase was increased (p ≤ 0.05), which indicates that treatment with coconut water provides significant protection of germinal epithelium from nicotine toxicity. Coconut water also shows a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in testosterone levels in nicotine treated rats. Coconut water ameliorates the reproductive toxicity caused by nicotine due to presence on nutrients L-arginine, ascorbic acid, minerals like calcium and magnesium.

Glycemic Index of Sugars Extracted from Immature Coconut Water: Case of Coconut Palms (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>L.) WAT, MYD and PB121⁺

In order to do a best stipulation on her consumption, it is necessary to know if a food provoke faintly, fairly or highly the glyceamia. The aim of this work was to evaluate the glycemic index of coconut water sugar from three coconuts varieties. So, with a cohort of 15 people, a capillary blood was collect after sugar ingestion and the glycaemia read directly on a glucometer. The result showed that the brown and white sugar from coconut sugar can be classified as low glycemic index food. Also, the glycemic indexes of white coconut water sugar are 2 to 3 more lower than that the brown sugar. The glycemic indexes of sugars vary according to the variety of coconut used. The sugars of the coconut palm (MYD) are more hyper-glycemic than those of the hybrid (PB121+) which is more hyperglycemic than the sugars of the coconut palm (WAT). Thus, with a controlled consumption, the coconut water sugars could be the sugars that are best for the health of the healthy and diabetic populations because it raises slightly the postprandial glucose.

Simple and Sensitive Determination of Aromatic Acids in Coconut Water by g-C3N4@SiO2 Based Solid-phase Extraction and HPLC-UV Analysis

In this study, graphitic carbon nitride deposited silica（g-C3N4@SiO2） was prepared by simple pyrolysis of melamine on silica and then used as a solid-phase extraction（SPE） sorbent for the extraction of four representative aromatic acids including benzoic acid（BA）, salicylic acid（SA）, indolyl-3-butyricacid（IBA） and naphthalene acetic acid（NAA） in coconut water（CW） samples, g-C3N4@SiO2 exhibited an excellent adsorption capacity for the four aromatic acids, which are in the concentration range of 500--558.8 gg/g. The four aromatic acids could be directly captured by g-C3N4@SiO2 from CW samples within 5 rain. Thus, a rapid, simple and effective method for the analy- sis of four aromatic acids in CW samples was developed by coupling g-C3N4@SiO2-based SPE with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet（HPLC-UV） detection. The linearity of the developed method was in the range of 20--1000 ng/mL and its limit of detection was in the range of 1.9--5.7 ng/mL, which were signi- ficantly lower than those of the reported similar methods. The intra-day and inter-day precisions（based on the relative standard deviation, n=3） of the four aromatic acids were under 9.5% and 10.4%, respectively. The developed method was applied to determining the four aromatic acids in real CW samples and the spiked recoveries varied from 81.1% to 121.8%.

A green path to extract carbon quantum dots by coconut water:Another fluorescent probe towards Fe^(3+) ions

In recent years,carbon quantum dots(CQDs)have been of great enthrallment in the fluorescent probe field.Carbon precursors with interesting physicochemical properties may be derived from natural sources.In this research,for the first time,coconut water has been used as a source of carbon to prepare blue fluorescent CQDs without any modification and functionalization.The preparation of CQDs is very simple and cost-effective,when compared with other conventional techniques.The reaction parameters temperature and pH were varied to obtain monodispersed spherical CQDs with an average grain size of ∼5 nm.The CQDs exhibit blue emission with a wavelength of 487 nm with an excitation wavelength of 390 nm and are used for Fe^(3+) ions detection.Fe^(3+) ions have been observed to quench the fluorescence intensity of the CQDs than other heavy metals.In the presence of Fe^(3+) ions,the fluorescent CQDs are quenched due to the interaction of CQDs and Fe^(3+) ions.A spectroscopic result shows that Fe^(3+) ions can be observed within a concentration of 0-700μM,as well as the detection limit is 0.30μM.The CQDs provide a unique pathway for potential application in the environmental monitoring of heavy metal ions.

Lipid profile and atherogenic predictor indices of albino rabbits administered coconut water as antidote to paracetamol overdose

Objective:To investigate the effects of coconut water intake on lipid profile and atherogenic predictor indices of albino rabbits overdosed with paracetamol using standard methods.Methods:Thirty-five albino rabbits weighing between 800-1200 g and aged between 2 and 3 months,were divided into 7 groups(I-VII)of 5 animals each.Groups I,II and III were orally administered distilled water(20 mL/kg body weight),coconut water(20 mL/kg body weight)and paracetamol(1000 mg/kg body weight)respectively,for 7 days.Groups IV and V were administered coconut water(20 mL/kg body weight)and silymarin(35 mg/kg body weight),respectively,for 6 days,then paracetamol(1000 mg/kg body weight)on the 7th day.Groups VI and VII were administered distilled water for 6 days,paracetamol on the 7th day,then coconut water and silymarin,respectively,after 3 h.Results:The results showed that paracetamol overdose significantly reduced(P<0.05)the mean body weight of the animals,increased the concentrations of serum total cholesterol,triacylglycerol,very low density lipoprotein cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol and the atherogenic predictor indices but reduced the serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration of the animals relative to the control.The observed changes in the lipid profile and atherogenic predictor indices were countered more by post-than pre-treatment with coconut water and silymarin.Conclusions:The results indicated that coconut water acted as an effective antidote to paracetamol overdose-induced lipid abnormality in animals.

Potential Bacterial Health Risk Posed to Consumers of Fresh Coconut (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>L.) Water

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) water is a refreshing drink consumed mostly directly from the fruit. However, in recent times, consumers in Accra prefer to have it transferred into plastic bags for later consumption;this favours a high risk of bacterial contamination. Since it is rich in nutrient, it may become unwholesome with possible high bacteria loads. However, its use for managing and preventing diarrhoeal diseases and the report that coconut water contains anti-bacterial proteins, suggests a bacteria growth inhibition potential for it. Therefore, the propensity of fresh coconut water to support the growth of two pathogenic bacteria was studied. Using mostly optical density measurement, and where possible, growth parameters and bacteria loads were estimated for the growth of two gram negative bacteria in fresh, stored and sterilized coconut water, and also in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth as a control. The study revealed that fresh coconut water is a drink favourable for the survival and growth of Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. It supported the growth of these bacteria recording lag times of 101.4 ± 1.00 minutes for E. coli and 154.8 ± 0.45 minutes for K. pneumoniae, and high loads of viable cells of ~ 2.27 × 108 cfu/mL and > 2.83 × 108 cfu/mL at the stationary phase for E. coli and K. pneumoniae respectively. These and other growth parameters in coconut water were comparable to those in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth medium. However, when autoclaved, gamma irradiated or stored at 4℃ for two weeks or more, the growth of these bacteria becomes extremely limited. Fresh coconut water will support the growth of these bacteria to high and infective load of viable cell if it becomes contaminated with and is kept at ambient temperatures for two or more hours. Thus, it will be safer to consume coconut water directly from the fruit, since there is a high risk for bacteria contamination associated with the transfer and storage in other containers.

响应面法优化维生素C碳点辅助提取椰蛋白工艺

以废弃椰粕为原料,维生素C碳点为辅助提取剂,水溶性椰蛋白提取率为主要考察指标,通过响应面法优化维生素C碳点辅助提取椰蛋白工艺.结果表明,维生素C碳点辅助提取椰蛋白最优工艺参数为:提取液pH值为11.9,5 mg/mL维生素C碳点用量为30.0μL,超声时间29.7 min,液料比为24.2 mL/g,在此优化条件下水溶性椰蛋白提取率为3.78%.研究结果为废弃椰粕再利用提供参考.

Effect of Synthetic Hormone Substitutes on Rooting of Vine Cuttings in Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.)

The use of yam vine cuttings as propagules with appropriate synthetic rooting hormones such as IBA (Indole-Butyric Acid) and NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) has previously been reported as successful but expensive. To source for cheaper alternatives, this study compared the effect of some natural and synthetic hormones on rooting of vine cuttings in two varieties of Dioscorea alata. Vine cuttings from three months old water yam varieties were treated separately with 1%, 3% and 5% concentrations of each of the following: neem leaf ash, coconut water, 2,4-D and IBA with water as control. Treated cuttings were planted in triplicates in polythene bags using the completely randomised design and watered once in two days for 49 days. Data collected on rooting percentage, number of roots per plant, mean root length, number and length of new vines were subjected to analysis of variance tests and the means separated using least significant difference tests. A 100% rooting was observed in vines treated with 1% or 3% coconut water and neem ash. These vines also generated significantly greater number of new vines (P < 0.05) compared to those from synthetic hormones. Vines treated with 5% neem produced the highest number of roots (145.33 ± 9.21;P < 0.001) while those treated with 3% neem produced the longest roots (45.3 ± 9.23 cm) followed by those treated with 3% coconut water (24.3 ± 3.48). The study reveals that neem leaf ash and coconut water are better root promoting agents for water yam vines than 2,4-D and IBA and could be tested further for use as natural hormonal substitutes to the synthetic hormones.

疏水性椰壳纤维的制备及其对油水体系的分离性能

将椰壳纤维经过碱处理、甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)疏水化改性制备了具有孔隙结构的疏水椰壳纤维吸附材料(HCF)。通过SEM、EDS、FT-IR、XRD对HCF的表面形貌及化学结构进行了表征,通过静态水接触角研究了HCF的表面润湿性能。结果表明,HCF的静态水接触角为126°,在不同pH的溶液中水接触角都保持在125°以上。HCF对原油、泵油、葵花籽油、机油、大豆油、四氯化碳等油类及有机溶剂的吸附倍率为8.49~12.88 g/g,在3 min内达到吸附饱和,具有较好的吸附量和较快的吸附速率。在0.09 MPa压力下,HCF可用于水上浮油的连续分离过程,分离通量为57 326.14 L/(m^(2)·h),分离效率为97.02%,具有一定的处理大量油水混合物的能力。HCF经过10次循环后依然保持良好的吸附性能,具有很好的使用稳定性。

Development and Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Coconut Fibre Reinforced Low Density Polyethylene Composite

This research work developed and evaluated the mechanical properties of coconut fibre reinforced low density polyethylene (LPDE) composite material. The effect of fibre loading on the mechanical properties: tensile, flexural, and impact of the developed composite material have been investigated. Also carried out was the effect of fibre loading on the water absorptivity of the developed material. Sample categories of the developed composite were prepared by varying the fibre contents by weight at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. The aim is to reduce the excessive waste disposal of LDPE materials that are largely found in the form of disposed water package materials (or pure water sachets) that usually affects the environment in the form of pollution. The water retting process was applied in extracting and cleaning fibre (or coir), while the mixed coir-LDPE (or developed composite material) was prepared by Compression Moulding Technique (CMT). The tensile and flexural properties were tested using Hounsfield Monsanto Tensometer (type w) while the impact properties were tested using the Charpy Impact testing machine. The microstructure of the composite was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The fractured surface morphology of the composite samples indicated a homogeneous mixture of the coir fibre and LDPE matrix. However, weak interfacial bonding between the coir fibre and LDPE matrix was also observed. The analysis of the water absorptivity showed that the developed composite materials have low water absorptivity at low fibre loading. However, at higher fibre loading, the water absorptivity increases significantly.

椰子汁煮制对文昌鸡食用品质的影响

【目的】明确椰子汁煮制文昌鸡的品质特征,为文昌鸡和椰子汁成分互作机理的研究和标准化生产提供有效依据。【方法】以文昌鸡和海南椰青为主要原料,利用电子鼻、气相色谱-质谱联用技术,结合气味活性值和主成分分析,对椰子汁煮制文昌鸡和水煮文昌鸡鸡胸肉和鸡腿肉的气味物质进行分析对比,利用电子舌、游离氨基酸和核苷酸检测技术对鸡胸肉和鸡腿肉的滋味物质进行分析,并且测定鸡肉和椰子汁的理化指标,以及椰子汁煮制鸡肉和水煮鸡肉的蒸煮损失、质构指标,明确经过椰子汁煮制后文昌鸡品质特征的变化。【结果】鸡腿肉中蛋白含量为21.0 g/100g,脂肪含量为3.08 g/100 g,鸡胸肉中蛋白含量为23.6 g/100 g,脂肪含量为1.29 g/100 g;椰子汁中的还原糖含量为4.75 g/100 g;椰子汁煮制的鸡肉和水煮鸡肉相比,蒸煮损失较高,两者质构指标相关性不显著(P>0.05);经过椰子汁煮制后鸡肉中新产生了2-庚醛、(E)-2-辛烯醛、(E)-2-壬烯醛、2,5-二甲基苯甲醛、2-十一烯醛5种醛类物质,电子鼻基本上可以将水煮鸡腿肉和椰子汁煮制鸡腿肉的挥发性物质区分开;经过椰子汁煮制后鸡腿肉和鸡汤的甜味氨基酸含量上升,但水煮鸡腿肉、鸡胸肉以及肉汤中的鲜味氨基酸均比椰子汁煮制后鸡肉的含量高;椰子汁煮制的鸡肉中鲜味核苷酸5’-AMP、5’-IMP和5’-GMP含量均高于水煮鸡肉。【结论】在文昌鸡不同部位中,鸡腿肉脂肪含量较高而鸡胸肉蛋白含量较高;椰子汁煮制可以提高文昌鸡肌肉核苷酸及鸡腿肉中游离氨基酸含量,对滋味有显著提升作用;椰子汁煮制增加了文昌鸡鸡腿肉中的醛类化合物种类,鸡腿肉比鸡胸肉有更好的风味形成效果。

基于GC-IMS结合化学计量学分析不同冷冻时长对椰子水挥发性物质的影响

采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)和化学计量法,研究了成熟椰子水在-18℃冷冻0、1、2和3个月(CW0、CW1、CW2和CW3)后挥发性物质的变化。结果表明:GC-IMS能够从成熟椰子水中鉴定出29种挥发性有机物,包括13种醇类、6种酯类、6种醛类、2种酮类、2种酸类物质。经冷冻后,挥发性物质的总量(峰值体积)发生了显著的降低和散失。随着冷冻时间的延长,酸类化合物峰体积逐渐增强并在冷冻第2个月后达到最大值,而后降低。醇、酯、醛类物质峰体积逐渐上升并在冷冻第三个月后达到最大值,酮类物质峰体积逐渐降低,并在冷冻2个月之后达到最小值。主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)均能在不过拟合的情况下对4种椰子水进行判别;进一步从鉴定出的挥发性物质中,根据可变重要性投影(VIP)值>1选取9个关键标志物,在聚类热图分析中分别实现对4种椰子水的聚类和有效区分,其中乙酸乙酯(D、M)、异丁醛、乙醛、己酸乙酯、2-丁酮、乙酸(M)可作为椰子水不同冷冻时长的阶段标志物。研究结果为不同冷冻时间下椰汁的GC-IMS快速鉴别提供了依据。

维生素C碳点对椰蛋白提取率及其功能特性的影响研究

以废弃椰粕为原料,首次将维生素C碳点应用于碱溶酸沉法提取水溶性椰蛋白。考察了提取剂pH值、维生素C碳点用量、超声时间、液料比对水溶性椰蛋白提取率的影响;同时考察了维生素C碳点对椰蛋白的功能特性(蛋白质溶解度(protein solubility,PS)、乳化活性指数(emulsion activity index,EAI)、乳化稳定性指数(emulsion stability index,ESI)、起泡能力(foaming ability,FC)、起泡稳定性(foaming stability,FS))的影响。结果表明,椰粕中水溶性椰蛋白的最佳提取工艺为提取液pH为11、5 mg/mL维生素C碳点用量25μL、超声时间为30 min、液料比(mL:g)为20:1,在优化的条件下椰粕中水溶性椰蛋白提取率为3.55%,是不加维生素C碳点的椰蛋白提取率1.67倍;维生素C碳点提高了椰蛋白的PS、EAI、FC,降低了椰蛋白的ESI、FS。

热带海岸防护林带不同起源树种叶片—土壤的生态化学计量特征

[目的]探讨海南岛热带海岸防护林带不同起源树种叶片及土壤生态化学计量特征差异,为海岸防护林生态修复工作提供理论参考。[方法]采用样方调查的方法,调查了海南岛万宁市海岸线200 m范围内木麻黄、青皮、拉关木和水椰4个树种叶片和土壤C,N,P的生态化学计量特征。[结果]①不论是非红树还是红树植物,同一类型下,本土天然树种叶片C,N,P含量显著大于或等于外来人工种植树种,其中青皮叶片C,N,P含量分别为457.04,16.77和1.17 g/kg,均显著高于木麻黄;②从叶片养分变化特征来看,红树植物的生长可能受到N的限制;而非红树植物的生长可能受到P的限制;③从土壤养分变化特征来看,4种树种林地土壤N元素偏低,主要限制性元素为P。[结论]在海岸生态修复过程中,可以首选本土天然林树种作为海岸防护林种植优势树种。

椰糠栽培下水肥处理对菜心养分吸收和产量的影响

【目的】探明椰糠栽培下水分和养分对菜心养分吸收和产量的影响,为菜心栽培过程中的水肥管理提供指导。【方法】采用温室盆栽试验,以菜心为试验材料,设置I1(55%~60%基质最大持水量)、I2(75%~80%基质最大持水量)、I3(95%~100%基质最大持水量)3种灌水处理以及F1(1/2倍山崎营养液浓度)、F2(1倍山崎营养液浓度)、F3(3/2倍山崎营养液浓度)3种养分处理,并将2 L不同浓度的营养液于试验前以基肥形式施入栽培盆。【结果】与充分灌溉处理(I3)相比,水分亏缺处理(I1、I2)使菜心的水分利用效率分别显著提高30.2%、16.3%,产量分别降低16.7%、11.1%,而对植株地上部氮磷钾吸收无显著影响。营养液浓度的增加显著提高了水分利用效率、植株对氮磷钾的吸收和菜心产量。灌水处理和养分处理对菜心的产量及叶片氮磷钾吸收存在显著交互作用。各处理中以I3F3的产量最高,但与I3F3相比,I2F3在没有明显降低菜心产量和氮磷钾吸收的条件下,菜心耗水量降低13.7%,水分利用效率提高11.8%,且主成分分析结果表明I2F3的综合得分居于首位,表明I2F3对菜心养分吸收、水分利用效率及产量的综合影响效应最佳。【结论】椰糠栽培过程中,75%~80%亏缺灌溉和3/2山崎营养液浓度是提高菜心产量、水分利用效率和养分吸收的有效栽培措施。

木霉与椰子水复配中量元素水溶肥促进黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长

木霉菌在绿色农业病害防控中是一种重要的生防功能微生物,普遍开发为木霉菌剂用于生物防治、生物肥料及土壤改良剂。传统木霉菌剂的开发局限于木霉菌株的筛选及发酵条件的优化等,因此探索木霉菌新型应用方式具有重要的意义。椰子水在椰子工业生产中因其不耐储存、运输及开发成本高常作为废弃物直接排放丢弃。本研究以木霉孢子粉和热带废弃椰子水为材料,将废弃椰子水与木霉孢子粉复配成中量元素水溶肥,探究该水溶肥对黄瓜种子萌发与黄瓜幼苗生理指标的影响。结果表明:椰子水中添加中量元素并调整pH 7对木霉产孢效果最好,产孢量达到2.32×10^(7) CFU/mL;木霉与椰子水复配中量元素水溶肥(A处理)和椰子水与木霉复配水溶肥(B处理)黄瓜种子萌发率分别为94.44%、87.50%,相对于无菌水(CK)提高了28.30%、18.87%,显著促进黄瓜种子的萌发。盆栽试验表明A处理株高与根长分别为24.01、27.76 cm,较CK分别提高48.03%、47.27%,显著促进黄瓜幼苗的生长;同时该处理组黄瓜幼苗茎鲜重与茎干重以及根鲜重与根干重也显著高于CK。进一步测定黄瓜幼苗的总叶绿素、还原糖与可溶性蛋白含量以及过氧化物酶(POD)与过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,相较于CK分别提高97.46%、66.32%、58.85%、32.67%、40.31%;并且能显著降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,较CK降低79.96%。综上,木霉与椰子水复配中量元素水溶肥处理组可以显著促进黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长,提高了幼苗的总叶绿素、还原糖、可溶性蛋白含量以及POD和CAT活性,降低MDA含量,增强黄瓜抵抗逆境胁迫的能力。

椰子水饮料贮藏稳定性及流变学特性的试验研究

椰子水饮料在贮藏过程中会出现沉淀和悬浮物等问题,直接影响产品的外观品质和流变学特性。该文以椰子水饮料为试验材料,系统研究椰子水饮料在4℃冷藏、20℃室温和37℃保温贮藏条件下,各营养成分的变化和货架期,并采用流变仪测定椰子水饮料的流变学特性,揭示椰子水饮料的流变特性与贮藏稳定性之间的关系。研究结果表明,椰子水饮料在4℃冷藏条件下贮藏50 d,固形物含量、pH值、总酸度、Vc含量变化均不大,pH值由(4.5±0.01)降至(4.48±0.02),固形物质量分数在(4.5±0.03)%^(5.0±0.02)%波动,总酸度由(1.01±0.01)g/L降至(0.94±0.01)g/L,Vc损失(6.0±0.03)%,稳定程度较好,细菌菌落总数小于100 CFU/mL。椰子水饮料的流变学特性表现为典型假塑性流体,在剪切速率为200 s-1温度从4℃升高至40℃时,其黏度从(0.018±0.003)mPa·s升高至(0.030±0.001)mPa·s,体系黏度随着温度变化程度更缓和,对温度的敏感程度低,具有良好的贮藏稳定性。该试验研究可以为中国实践生产椰子水饮料的品质变化提供理论依据。

农业废弃物的基质化利用研究进展

栽培基质是新型高效农业的基础,而选择养分丰富、资源量大、价格低廉的基质原料则是规模化基质生产的关键。本文分析了农业废弃物的特点及其基质化利用的潜力,介绍了国内外以作物秸秆、菇渣、畜禽粪便、水葫芦渣、椰子纤维等农业废弃物为原料的基质配方的研究现状,指出了目前限制农业废弃物原料规模化基质生产的问题,着重展望了目前农业废气物基质化存在问题的解决途径。