Carbohydrate represents an important part of the soil labile organic carbon pool. Water soluble carbohydrate drives the C cycle in forest soil by affecting microbial activity and hot water extractable car- bohydrate i...Carbohydrate represents an important part of the soil labile organic carbon pool. Water soluble carbohydrate drives the C cycle in forest soil by affecting microbial activity and hot water extractable car- bohydrate is thought related to soil carbon sequestration due to the asso- ciation with soil aggregation. In a temperate forest region of northeast China, Changbai Mountain, we investigated the abundance, spatial dis- tribution, and seasonal dynamics of cool and hot-water extractable car- bohydrate in soils under mixed broad-leaved Korean pine forest. The concentrations of cool-water extractable carbohydrate （CWECH） in three soil layers （0-5, 5-10, 10-20 cm） ranged from 4.1 to 193.3 g.kg-1 dry soil, decreasing rapidly with soil depth. On an annual average, the CWECH concentrations in soils at depths of 5-10 and 10-20 cm were 54.2% and 24.0%, respectively, of that in the 0-5 cm soil layer. CWECH showed distinct seasonal dynamics with the highest concentrations in early spring, lowest in summer, and increasing concentrations in autumn. Hot-water extractable carbohydrate （HWECH） concentrations in three soil layers ranged from 121.4 to 2026.2 g.kgq dry soil, which were about one order of magnitude higher than CWECH. The abundance of HWECH was even more profile-dependent than CWECH, and decreased more rapidly with soil depth. On an annual average, the HWECH concentration in soils 10-20 cm deep was about one order of magnitude lower than that in the top 0-5 cm soil. The seasonality of HWECH roughly tracked that of CWECH but with seasonal fluctuations of smaller amplitude. The car- bohydrate concentrations in cool/hot water extracts of soil were positively correlated with UV254 and UV2s0 of the same solution, which has implications for predicting the leaching loss of water soluble organic carbon.展开更多
Heat stress in summer is a major factor limiting use of cool-season grasses in Shanghai area, China. The objectives of this study were to investigate effects of a crude extract product of a new strain of Streptomyces ...Heat stress in summer is a major factor limiting use of cool-season grasses in Shanghai area, China. The objectives of this study were to investigate effects of a crude extract product of a new strain of Streptomyces microflavus (TSS) on turf performance and physiological activities of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) in response to heat stress. Plants of tall fescue cultivar ‘Barlexus’ were exposed to 38/33 (°C) (day/night) high temperature in growth chamber after TSS applications. High temperature induced about 3.5 fold increases of initial shoot extension rate and clipping yield (6 d) and led to quick decline of plant growth after 18 d. TSS inhibited the extent of initial increases of shoot extension rate and clipping yield and maintained a longer period of steady growth under the heat stress. TSS also decreased the decline of leaf chlorophyll content, TNC, shoot density, and turf quality induced by heat stress. The results suggested that TSS application improved turf performance under heat stress, and the greater improvement of heat tolerance was associated with higher dose of application. This positive effect on heat tolerance could be related to the decreased carbohydrate consumption and loss, and reduced decomposition of leaf chlorophyll.展开更多
Objective:To examine the potent of water as a solvent agent in the preparation of traditional herbal medicine.Methods:Water extracts of 18 plants were prepared through reflux and examined(25μg/mL) to evaluate their p...Objective:To examine the potent of water as a solvent agent in the preparation of traditional herbal medicine.Methods:Water extracts of 18 plants were prepared through reflux and examined(25μg/mL) to evaluate their possibility for inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B).The determination of IC50 values was performed for the samples possessing more than 80%inhibition.Meanwhile,those exhibiting IC50 values more than 7.0 μg/mL were further profiled for their chemical constituents through nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) measurement.Results:About 44%(8) of the examined samples showed more than 80%inhibition against PTP1 B.The water extracts of Elephantopus scaber,Helicteres isora aerial parts,Elaeocarpus grandiflorus(E.grandiflorus) fruits,Melaleuca leucadendron leaves,and Quercus infectoria gum had IC50 values ranging from 2.05 to 6.90 μg/mL.Meanwhile,Andropogon nardus and Centella asiatica were at the area of δ 3.0-4.0 ppm.Further,the13 C NMR observation of samples possessing the most intensive signals in their proton NMR Cinnamomum burmannii and E.grandiflorus showed the peaks at the area of δ 60-90 ppm as the supportive evidence for sugar group signals.Intriguingly,a disaccharide from E.grandiflorus could be an active inhibitor towards PTB1 B.Conclusions:In contrast to the mainstream solvents currently used in modern herbal manufactures especially Jamu medicine in Indonesia,pure-water-extracted materials should be reconsidered and could be reemerged for future studies and for the manufacture of herbal medicines.In addition,the activity of Jamu components should be confirmed that their antidiabetes and antiobesity activities could be through the inhibition of PTP1 B.展开更多
基金supported by made possible through National Key Basic Research Foundation, China (grants 2011CB403202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40930107)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT1054)
文摘Carbohydrate represents an important part of the soil labile organic carbon pool. Water soluble carbohydrate drives the C cycle in forest soil by affecting microbial activity and hot water extractable car- bohydrate is thought related to soil carbon sequestration due to the asso- ciation with soil aggregation. In a temperate forest region of northeast China, Changbai Mountain, we investigated the abundance, spatial dis- tribution, and seasonal dynamics of cool and hot-water extractable car- bohydrate in soils under mixed broad-leaved Korean pine forest. The concentrations of cool-water extractable carbohydrate （CWECH） in three soil layers （0-5, 5-10, 10-20 cm） ranged from 4.1 to 193.3 g.kg-1 dry soil, decreasing rapidly with soil depth. On an annual average, the CWECH concentrations in soils at depths of 5-10 and 10-20 cm were 54.2% and 24.0%, respectively, of that in the 0-5 cm soil layer. CWECH showed distinct seasonal dynamics with the highest concentrations in early spring, lowest in summer, and increasing concentrations in autumn. Hot-water extractable carbohydrate （HWECH） concentrations in three soil layers ranged from 121.4 to 2026.2 g.kgq dry soil, which were about one order of magnitude higher than CWECH. The abundance of HWECH was even more profile-dependent than CWECH, and decreased more rapidly with soil depth. On an annual average, the HWECH concentration in soils 10-20 cm deep was about one order of magnitude lower than that in the top 0-5 cm soil. The seasonality of HWECH roughly tracked that of CWECH but with seasonal fluctuations of smaller amplitude. The car- bohydrate concentrations in cool/hot water extracts of soil were positively correlated with UV254 and UV2s0 of the same solution, which has implications for predicting the leaching loss of water soluble organic carbon.
基金Item supported by national natural sciencefoundation of China(No.30270089)science and technologycommission of Shanghai(No.03JC14047)
文摘Heat stress in summer is a major factor limiting use of cool-season grasses in Shanghai area, China. The objectives of this study were to investigate effects of a crude extract product of a new strain of Streptomyces microflavus (TSS) on turf performance and physiological activities of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) in response to heat stress. Plants of tall fescue cultivar ‘Barlexus’ were exposed to 38/33 (°C) (day/night) high temperature in growth chamber after TSS applications. High temperature induced about 3.5 fold increases of initial shoot extension rate and clipping yield (6 d) and led to quick decline of plant growth after 18 d. TSS inhibited the extent of initial increases of shoot extension rate and clipping yield and maintained a longer period of steady growth under the heat stress. TSS also decreased the decline of leaf chlorophyll content, TNC, shoot density, and turf quality induced by heat stress. The results suggested that TSS application improved turf performance under heat stress, and the greater improvement of heat tolerance was associated with higher dose of application. This positive effect on heat tolerance could be related to the decreased carbohydrate consumption and loss, and reduced decomposition of leaf chlorophyll.
基金Supported by Faculty of Pharmacy,Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta(Ref.001/DM-I/FF/2014)
文摘Objective:To examine the potent of water as a solvent agent in the preparation of traditional herbal medicine.Methods:Water extracts of 18 plants were prepared through reflux and examined(25μg/mL) to evaluate their possibility for inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B).The determination of IC50 values was performed for the samples possessing more than 80%inhibition.Meanwhile,those exhibiting IC50 values more than 7.0 μg/mL were further profiled for their chemical constituents through nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) measurement.Results:About 44%(8) of the examined samples showed more than 80%inhibition against PTP1 B.The water extracts of Elephantopus scaber,Helicteres isora aerial parts,Elaeocarpus grandiflorus(E.grandiflorus) fruits,Melaleuca leucadendron leaves,and Quercus infectoria gum had IC50 values ranging from 2.05 to 6.90 μg/mL.Meanwhile,Andropogon nardus and Centella asiatica were at the area of δ 3.0-4.0 ppm.Further,the13 C NMR observation of samples possessing the most intensive signals in their proton NMR Cinnamomum burmannii and E.grandiflorus showed the peaks at the area of δ 60-90 ppm as the supportive evidence for sugar group signals.Intriguingly,a disaccharide from E.grandiflorus could be an active inhibitor towards PTB1 B.Conclusions:In contrast to the mainstream solvents currently used in modern herbal manufactures especially Jamu medicine in Indonesia,pure-water-extracted materials should be reconsidered and could be reemerged for future studies and for the manufacture of herbal medicines.In addition,the activity of Jamu components should be confirmed that their antidiabetes and antiobesity activities could be through the inhibition of PTP1 B.
文摘采用星点设计效应面法考察了乙醇体积分数(0,17%,40%,63%,80%)、提取温度(60℃,68.5℃,80℃,91.5℃,100℃)和提取时间(15,24.5,37.5,50.5,60 min)对可溶性糖含量的影响,研究了蒽酮比色法测定可溶性糖含量的最佳提取方法.利用Design-Expert.8.0.6软件对实验数据进行二次多项式模型拟合.结果表明:乙醇体积分数和提取时间对可溶性糖含量有显著影响(P<0.05),提取温度无影响(P>0.05),影响次序为:乙醇体积分数>提取时间>提取温度.可溶性糖的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数54%,提取温度100℃,提取时间60 min.
