Cu-Al interfacial compounds and formation mechanism of copper cladding aluminum composites

Copper cladding aluminum(CCA)rods with the section dimensions of12mm in diameter and2mm in sheath thickness were fabricated by vertical core-filling continuous casting(VCFC)technology.The kinds and morphology of interfacial intermetallic compounds(IMCs)were investigated by SEM,XRD and TEM.The results showed that the interfacial structure of Cu/Al was mainly composed of layeredγ1(Cu9Al4),cellularθ(CuAl2),andα(Al)+θ(CuAl2)phases.Moreover,residual acicularε2(Cu3Al2+x)phase was observed at the Cu/Al interface.By comparing the driving force of formation forε2(Cu3Al2+x)andγ1(Cu9Al4)phases,the conclusion was drawn that theε2(Cu3Al2+x)formed firstly at the Cu/Al interface.In addition,the interfacial formation mechanism of copper cladding aluminum composites was revealed completely.

Microstructure of aluminum/copper clad composite fabricated by casting-cold extrusion forming

An aluminum/copper clad composite was fabricated by the casting-cold extrusion forming technology and the microstructures of the products were observed and analyzed.It is found that aluminum grains at the interface are refined in the radial profiles of cone-shaped deformation zone,but the grains in the center maintain the original state and the grain size is non-uniform.A clear boundary presents between the refined area and center area.In contrast,the copper grains in the radial profiles have been significantly refined.In the center area of the copper,the grains are bigger than those at the boundary.On the surface of the deformable body,the grain size is the smallest,but with irregular grain morphology.After the product is entirely extruded,all the copper and aluminum grains are refined with small and uniform morphology.In the center area,the average diameter of aluminum grains is smaller than 5 μm,and the copper grain on the surface is about 10 μm.At the interface,the grain size is very small,with a good combination of copper and aluminum.The thickness of interface is in the range of 10-15 μm.Energy spectrum analysis shows that CuAl3 phase presents at the interface.

Vision-based detection of weld pool width in TIG welding of copper-clad aluminum cable

In order to realize automatic control of the width of weld pool, a visual sensor system for the width of weld pool detection is developed. By initiative arc light, the image of copper plate weld pool is taken back of the torch through the process of weakening and filtering arc light. In order to decrease the time of processing video signals, analog circuit is applied in the processing where video signals is magnified, trimmed and processed into binary on the datum of dynamic average value, therefore the waveform of video signals of weld pool is obtained. The method that is used for detecting the width of weld pool is established. Results show that the vision sensing method for real-time detecting weld pool width to copper-clad aluminum wire TIG welding is feasible. The response cycle of this system is no more than 50 ms, and the testing precision is less than 0. 1 mm.

Orthogonal tests of copper-clad aluminum bimetal continuous casting by nitrogen pressure core-illing

To provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for preparing composite rods by direct continuous casting, copper-clad aluminum composite rods of external copper layer diameter 12 mm and inner aluminum core diameter 8 mm were manufactured. Orthogonal tests consisted of three factors and three levels were carried out to research the effects of melting copper temperature, continuous casting speed and nitrogen pressure on the performance of composite rods. Results showed that nitrogen pressure is the most important factor in influencing the surface quality; continuous casting speed is the most important factor in influencing copper & aluminum inter diffusion amount. Nitrogen pressure can noticeably improve the surface quality and make the rods easily be drawn out, but the surface quality does not show visible improvement when the nitrogen pressure is above 0.05 MPa. Measured by tests, the compound layer can be divided into three types according to its cladding layer degree: deficient cladding, normal cladding and excess cladding. The diameter of normal copper-clad aluminum composite rods can be successfully drawn less than 0.6 mm without annealing.

Numerical simulation of temperature field in horizontal core-filling continuous casting for copper cladding aluminum rods

The steady-state temperature field of horizontal core-filling continuous casting （HCFC） for producing copper cladding aluminum rods was simulated by finite element method to investigate the effects of key processing parameters on the positions of solid-liquid interfaces （SLIs） of copper and aluminum. It is found that mandrel tube length and mean withdrawing speed have significant effects on the SLI positions of both copper and aluminum. Aluminum casting temperature （TAI） （1003-1123 K） and secondary cooling water flux （600-900 L.h-1） have little effect on the SLI of copper but cause the SLI of aluminum to move 2-4 mm. When TA1 is in a range of 1043-1123 K, the liquid aluminum can fill continuously into the pre-solidified copper tube. Based on the numerical simulation, reasonable processing parameters were determined.

Effect of continuous induction annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper-clad aluminum flat bars

Copper-clad aluminum （CCA） flat bars produced by the continuous casting-rolling process were subjected to continuous induction heating annealing （CIHA）, and the effects of induction heating temperature and holding time on the microstructure, interface, and mechanical properties of the fiat bars were investigated. The results showed that complete recrystallization of the copper sheath occurred under CIHA at 460℃ for 5 s, 480℃ for 3 s, or 500℃ for 1 s and that the average grain size in the copper sheath was approximately 10.0 μm. In the case of specimens subjected to CIHA at 460-500℃ for longer than 1 s, complete recrystallization occurred in the aluminum core. In the case of CIHA at 460-500℃ for 1-5 s, a continuous interracial layer with a thickness of 2.5-5.5 μm formed and the thickness mainly increased with increasing annealing temperature. After CIHA, the interracial layer consisted primarily of a Cu9A14 layer and a CuA12 layer; the average interface shear strength of the CCA flat bars treated by CIHA at 460-500℃ for 1-5 s was 45-52 MPa. After full softening annealing, the hardness values of the copper sheath and the aluminum core were HV 65 and HV 24, respectively, and the hardness along the cross section of the CCA flat bar was uniform.

铝基板阳极氧化封孔工艺对覆铜板性能的影响

[目的]探究铝基板阳极氧化封孔工艺对覆铜板性能的影响。[方法]先采用草酸对7075铝合金阳极氧化,再在真空条件下采用Al_(2)O_(3)溶胶或/和ZnO溶胶进行封孔处理,并在300℃下加热固化。研究了两种溶胶单独封孔或组合封孔及封孔次数对阳极氧化膜导热系数与耐电压强度的影响。此外,还采用封孔样品为基板,分别通过溅射镀铜与热压合工艺制备铝基覆铜板。[结果]采用Al_(2)O_(3)溶胶和ZnO溶胶交替封孔4次可将阳极氧化膜的耐电压强度提升2.90倍左右,但会使其导热性略微变差。通过溅射镀铜所得覆铜板的剥离强度高达1.15N/mm,并且耐热性良好。[结论]对铝基板进行阳极氧化封孔能够显著改善覆铜板的性能。

铜包铝护套线过电流诱发短路故障过程及痕迹特征研究

铜包铝护套线常被用于铜芯护套线替代线,但其承载能力差,易发生过电流故障诱发短路引发火灾。通过分析此类护套线发生过电流诱发短路故障时的典型现象及电压电流波动,研究短路发生所需时间、拉弧次数、燃烧持续时间等过程参量随过电流值变化规律,并得出典型痕迹特征。结果表明:5.50倍额定电流(rated current,I_(e))是此类护套线过电流故障诱发短路的最低电流;过电流诱发短路所需时间随着过电流值增加呈指数递减关系,由5.50I_(e)时的148.9 s,降至8.80I_(e)时的40.1 s,但短路引燃后平均燃烧持续时间呈先增高再降低的趋势,在7.15I_(e)时最长,达22.72 s;此种护套线过电流故障诱发短路均呈现多次反复拉弧的特征,拉弧次数最多可达55次,产生大量线芯电弧熔痕和短路迸溅熔珠,呈现珠状、叠加珠状,组织以树枝晶为主。研究结果对认定铜包铝护套线过电流诱发火灾及痕迹鉴定具有一定指导作用。

Solidification process and microstructure of transition layer of Cu-Al composite cast prepared by method of pouring molten aluminum

The Cu?Al composite casts were prepared by the method of pouring molten aluminum. The solidification process and themicrostructure of the transition layer were investigated during the recombination process of the liquid Al and the solid Cu. The results reveal that the microstructure of the transition layer in the Cu?Al composite cast consists of α(Al)+α(Al)?CuAl2 eutectic,α(Al)?CuAl2 eutectic, CuAl2+α(Al)?CuAl2 eutectic and Cu9Al4. Additionally, the pouring temperature, cooling mode of the Cu platesurface and start time of the forced cooling after pouring have no effect on the microstructure species. But the proportion of thevarious microstructures in the transition layer changes with the process parameters. The pure Al at the top of the transition layer startsto solidify first and then the α(Al) phase grows in a dendritic way, while the CuAl2 phase exhibits plane or cellular crystal growth from the two sides of the transition layer towards its interior. The stronger the cooling intensity of the Cu plate outer surface, the more developed the dendrite, and the easier it is for the CuAl2 phase to grow into a plane crystal.

铝基覆铜板表面感光膜退除工艺

以2 g/L氢氧化钠(Na OH)为主要退膜反应剂,12 mL/L氨水和6 mL/L乙醇胺为加速剂,0.2~1.0 g/L 358DR为铝面保护剂,退除铝基覆铜板表面的感光膜。通过单因素实验研究了退膜温度、时间和铝面保护剂浓度对退膜效果和铝面情况的影响。结果表明,在铝面保护剂358DR质量浓度为0.8 g/L、温度为40℃的条件下,20 s能够将感光膜完全退除,并且铝面没有被攻击。该退膜工艺用于实际产线时的退膜效果甚至优于小试结果。

加速剂对铝基覆铜板通孔电镀铜的影响

在由70 g/L硫酸铜、200 g/L浓硫酸、60 mg/L盐酸、200 mg/L聚乙二醇(PEG6000)和1 mg/L健那绿B(JGB)组成的基础镀液中分别添加聚二硫二丙烷磺酸钠(SPS)、3-巯基-1-丙磺酸钠(MPS)和N,N-二甲基二硫代甲酰胺丙烷磺酸钠(DPS)作为加速剂。通过计时电位曲线测试和热冲击试验,研究了不同加速剂对通孔电镀铜的影响。结果表明,镀液中添加2.5 mg/L SPS或9 mg/L DPS作为加速剂时,镀液的深镀能力显著提高,所得Cu镀层的抗热冲击性能合格。

数字图像相关方法检测铜/铝复层材料应变研究

针对传统应变检测方法中存在的操作过程复杂、无法实现实时测量和受环境影响较大等问题,采用数字图像相关(DIC)方法对铜/铝复层板及其组分材料拉伸过程中的应变数值进行实时测量,将该测量结果与拉伸机获得结果、有限元模拟测量结果相互对比,结果表明:基于DIC方法和拉伸试验所得铜板、铝板及铜/铝复层板的应变曲线很接近;DIC测量所得主应变与有限元模拟主应变具有较高一致性,且表面应变分布和最大主应变基本相同,其应变相差最大为0.442%,最小为0.008%;有限元模拟所得应变差值变化较大,最大变化为4.950%,DIC方法所得应变差值变化较小,最大变化为0.693%。在该基础上,通过引入应变差值来对比研究DIC方法和有限元方法所得结果精度,证明了DIC方法用于铜/铝复层板拉伸应变检测的可行性和优越性。

铜包铝复合材料研究进展

对铜包铝复合材料及其相关领域的研究现状进行评述。介绍铜包铝复合材料的主要制备方法、铜铝的界面结合机理、铜铝二元合金相图、金属间化合物相的形成与长大规律等方面的研究成果,并对铜包铝复合材料的发展进行展望。

充芯连铸法制备铜包铝双金属复合材料的研究

提出了一种制备包覆双金属复合材料的新工艺,即充芯连铸法制备包覆双金属复合材料的工艺。试验研究了铜包铝双金属棒制备的工艺,分析了铜包铝双金属棒的外观、断面和界面。结果表明:采样充芯连铸法工艺可以连续稳定地制备铜包铝双金属棒,包覆层厚度均匀。

同轴电缆用铜铝复合带中间退火工艺的研究

研究了中间退火工艺对同轴电缆用铜铝复合带力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着退火温度的升高或退火时间的延长,复合带的伸长率先增加后降低,在340℃×3h退火后,伸长率达到最大值35.80%。温度升高或时间延长都会导致复合带的抗拉强度降低。同轴电缆用铜铝复合带合理的中间退火工艺为310℃×1.5h。

高导热型铝基覆铜板研究

为研究一种高导热铝基覆铜板,以合成的双马改性环氧树脂为基体,最佳质量配比的氮化铝、氮化硅、氮化硼等混合粒子为导热填料制备了绝缘导热胶粘剂,并以此导热胶成功制备了高导热铝基覆铜板.分析了树脂配方设计,探讨了填料含量对绝缘层导热、耐高温、电绝缘及粘接强度的影响.研究表明,研制的基板热导率达1.38 W/(m.K),热阻0.65℃/W,体、表电阻率分别为3.2×1014Ω.cm及4.6×1013Ω,可长期在160℃下使用,剥离强度13 N/cm,与低导热基板相比具有良好的传热能力.

铜包铝双金属复合材料连铸充芯成形工艺研究

设计和制造了双金属充芯连铸一次成形设备 ,并通过一系列的试验确定了合理的工艺参数 ,试验证明 :在下坩埚和水冷铜结晶器接触长度为 2 0mm ,二次冷却喷水口位置在结晶器下 95mm处 ,铜液温度为 12 5 0～ 13 2 0℃ ,铝液温度为70 0℃左右 ,拉速为 16mm/min时 ,拉制出良好的铜包铝复合棒。

充芯连铸铜包铝复合材料的界面形成机理

采用垂直充芯连铸法制备断面尺寸为60 mmmmmm(长×宽×圆角半径)、铜包覆层厚度为2 mm的铜包铝复合材料,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对界面的形貌和组成进行表征。结果表明:铜包铝复合材料界面层在近铜侧主要由平面状的CuI区)和胞状的CuAlII区)两区组成,在近铝侧为αAl)+CuAl伪共晶组织(III区)而在Cu和CuAl之间还残存未转变的高温相Cux。基于分析结果,提出了充芯连铸铜包铝的界面形成机理。

铜包铝线材室温拉变形后的显微组织和力学性能

研究经室温拉变形后的纯铜包覆铝合金的不同线径的线材的显微组织及力学性能。结果表明:显微组织自原始的等轴晶变为细长条纤维状,纤维直径与形变量近似地成反比,纤维长度与形变量的平方近似地成正比;经室温拉变形的铜包铝线的极限抗拉强度随形变量增大而增大,与形变量平方根呈直线关系;延伸率随形变量增大逐渐降低,但延伸率波动较大。根据原始纯铜和合金铝的极限抗拉强度值,可以用复合材料强度的混合法则近似地预测不同线径的铜包铝线的极限抗拉强度。

铜包铝复合材料连铸充芯工艺

设计和制造成一台制备铜包铝的连铸充芯试验机,特点是,结晶器为水冷铜内衬石墨套;在高度方向上设置一高一低直径不同的加热器,下加热器与结晶器连接在试验机上。结果成功连铸充芯出芯部直径为24mm、外层厚度为8mm的铜包铝双金属复合棒。通过测试和分析此复合棒的宏观和微观复合断面、化学成分分布、复合界面的剪切强度,表明此连铸充芯试验机可以制备出复合良好的铜包铝双金属棒,并且发现铜铝结合层的强度高于芯部金属的结合强度。