We consider a replacement policy for a multiple-component cold-standbysystem, and after we analyze this policy, we want to get the mean total cost rate and the preventivepolicy to make it the lowest. In this system, t...We consider a replacement policy for a multiple-component cold-standbysystem, and after we analyze this policy, we want to get the mean total cost rate and the preventivepolicy to make it the lowest. In this system, the failure rate of the component in operation isconstant, and the inspection will control all the processes of the operation. The system isinspected at random points over time to determine whether it is to be replaced. During the process,the replacement decision is based on the number of failed components at the time of inspection.展开更多
This paper constructs a more unified measurement framework from the perspective of the Leontief inverse matrix and Ghosh inverse matrix(Ghosh).At the same time,referring to the four-term decomposition method of Leonti...This paper constructs a more unified measurement framework from the perspective of the Leontief inverse matrix and Ghosh inverse matrix(Ghosh).At the same time,referring to the four-term decomposition method of Leontief inverse matrix in Muradov(2016),this paper analyzes the structural decomposition of the cumulative tariff cost rate.Results show that(1)Overall,from 2000 to 2017,China's cumulative tariff cost rate,direct tariff cost rate,and multi-stage tariff cost rate all showed a downward trend,and the decline was greater than that of other countries(regions).China has strictly fulflled its WTO accession commitments and has greatly reduced the tariff rate on imported intermediate goods.(2)With China's deep participation in the global value chain,the amplification effect of China's tariffs has increased from 2.57 in 2000 to 3.17 in 2017,and there is a certain degree of"amplification effect"(above 1.5)in tariffs in all countries in the world.(3)From the perspective of the contribution rate of various countries in the world,China contributes the most to the global cumulative tariff cost rate,which is due to the complexity of the global production network structure,rather than the excessively high tariff rate imposed by China on imported intermediate goods.In terms of policy implications,if China did not take the initiative to reduce tariffs,the structural changes in the global production network would lead to a larger global cumulative tariff cost rate.展开更多
In this in-depth exploration, I delve into the complex implications and costs of cybersecurity breaches. Venturing beyond just the immediate repercussions, the research unearths both the overt and concealed long-term ...In this in-depth exploration, I delve into the complex implications and costs of cybersecurity breaches. Venturing beyond just the immediate repercussions, the research unearths both the overt and concealed long-term consequences that businesses encounter. This study integrates findings from various research, including quantitative reports, drawing upon real-world incidents faced by both small and large enterprises. This investigation emphasizes the profound intangible costs, such as trade name devaluation and potential damage to brand reputation, which can persist long after the breach. By collating insights from industry experts and a myriad of research, the study provides a comprehensive perspective on the profound, multi-dimensional impacts of cybersecurity incidents. The overarching aim is to underscore the often-underestimated scope and depth of these breaches, emphasizing the entire timeline post-incident and the urgent need for fortified preventative and reactive measures in the digital domain.展开更多
This paper deals with a Unit Commitment (UC) problem of a power plant aimed to find the optimal scheduling of the generating units involving cubic cost functions. The problem has non convex generator characteristics, ...This paper deals with a Unit Commitment (UC) problem of a power plant aimed to find the optimal scheduling of the generating units involving cubic cost functions. The problem has non convex generator characteristics, which makes it very hard to handle the corresponding mathematical models. However, Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) has reached a high efficiency, in terms of solution accuracy and computing time for such non convex problems. Hence, TLBO is applied for scheduling of generators with higher order cost characteristics, and turns out to be computationally solvable. In particular, we represent a model that takes into account the accurate higher order generator cost functions along with ramp limits, and turns to be more general and efficient than those available in the literature. The behavior of the model is analyzed through proposed technique on modified IEEE-24 bus system.展开更多
目的进一步探讨透析前慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)管理是否在血液透析后具有“长期效应”,为更好的推动C K D管理从经济学以及人口学角度贡献力量。方法纳入2015年3月一2018年3月在江苏大学附属医院CKD管理门诊随诊并进入...目的进一步探讨透析前慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)管理是否在血液透析后具有“长期效应”,为更好的推动C K D管理从经济学以及人口学角度贡献力量。方法纳入2015年3月一2018年3月在江苏大学附属医院CKD管理门诊随诊并进入透析的70例患者(管理组),及同时期从肾脏内科专科门诊进入透析的142例患者(非管理组),随访5年,比较2组患者透析启动时以及透析后1年内的住院情况及费用,以及透析后1年、5年的死亡情况,并分析各种因素对患者全因死亡的影响。结果启动透析时管理组人均总住院费用少于非管理组(t=-3.100,P=0.002)。透析后1年内管理组的人均总住院费用少于非管理(t=-2.269,P=0.024),主要归因于药品、检验、治疗、手术及输血费用的减少。在透析启动时以及透析开始后1年内,多元线性回归发现不管是未调整、根据年龄和性别进行调整、根据合并症进行调整、根据进入血液透析时的基线实验室指标进行调整还是根据启动血液透析时的血管通路情况进行调整,C K D管理与住院人均总费用的降低独立相关(透析启动时β=0.386、0.392、0.392、0.359、0.248,P分别<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、0.018;透析1年内β=0.151、0.154、0.148、0.168、0.343,P=0.028、0.025、0.038、0.021、0.002)。Kaplan-Meier分析显示管理组透析5年的累积生存率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.947,P=0.047)。多因素分析结果显示年龄(HR=1.042,95%CI:1.021~1.062,P<0.001)和合并糖尿病(HR=0.390,95%CI:0.226~0.671,P=0.001)是患者全因死亡的独立危险因素,而透析前CKD管理则是患者全因死亡的保护性因素(HR=0.503,95%CI:0.295~0.857,P=0.012)。结论透析前C K D管理对透析后经济结果有遗留影响,能改善维持性血液透析患者的长期预后,在管理工作中尤其要关注糖尿病及老年患者。展开更多
This paper presents a proposal for erodibility quantitative evaluation through a hydraulic flume based on the Inderbitzen erosion test. The equipment scheme and procedures for result calculation are described, followi...This paper presents a proposal for erodibility quantitative evaluation through a hydraulic flume based on the Inderbitzen erosion test. The equipment scheme and procedures for result calculation are described, following a review of literature. Through the proposed procedure, 24 tests are conducted, in order to study the erodibility of a sandy soil and a clayey soil, in undeformed and reconstituted conditions. These are conducted using grass roots in controlled quantities, to quantify root effects on erodibility. The results of soil loss by elapsed time and the definition of the erodibility K factor shows that clayey soil is 90% less erodible compared with sandy soil. Also, roots show no significant relationship with K factor and the undeformed sample is less erodible, compared with reconstituted sample. The test methodology and the results allowed soil classification, analytical data and comparative results between different cases.展开更多
文摘We consider a replacement policy for a multiple-component cold-standbysystem, and after we analyze this policy, we want to get the mean total cost rate and the preventivepolicy to make it the lowest. In this system, the failure rate of the component in operation isconstant, and the inspection will control all the processes of the operation. The system isinspected at random points over time to determine whether it is to be replaced. During the process,the replacement decision is based on the number of failed components at the time of inspection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71873142)the Humanities and Social Science Research Project of the Ministry of Education(20YJC790140)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71733003).
文摘This paper constructs a more unified measurement framework from the perspective of the Leontief inverse matrix and Ghosh inverse matrix(Ghosh).At the same time,referring to the four-term decomposition method of Leontief inverse matrix in Muradov(2016),this paper analyzes the structural decomposition of the cumulative tariff cost rate.Results show that(1)Overall,from 2000 to 2017,China's cumulative tariff cost rate,direct tariff cost rate,and multi-stage tariff cost rate all showed a downward trend,and the decline was greater than that of other countries(regions).China has strictly fulflled its WTO accession commitments and has greatly reduced the tariff rate on imported intermediate goods.(2)With China's deep participation in the global value chain,the amplification effect of China's tariffs has increased from 2.57 in 2000 to 3.17 in 2017,and there is a certain degree of"amplification effect"(above 1.5)in tariffs in all countries in the world.(3)From the perspective of the contribution rate of various countries in the world,China contributes the most to the global cumulative tariff cost rate,which is due to the complexity of the global production network structure,rather than the excessively high tariff rate imposed by China on imported intermediate goods.In terms of policy implications,if China did not take the initiative to reduce tariffs,the structural changes in the global production network would lead to a larger global cumulative tariff cost rate.
文摘In this in-depth exploration, I delve into the complex implications and costs of cybersecurity breaches. Venturing beyond just the immediate repercussions, the research unearths both the overt and concealed long-term consequences that businesses encounter. This study integrates findings from various research, including quantitative reports, drawing upon real-world incidents faced by both small and large enterprises. This investigation emphasizes the profound intangible costs, such as trade name devaluation and potential damage to brand reputation, which can persist long after the breach. By collating insights from industry experts and a myriad of research, the study provides a comprehensive perspective on the profound, multi-dimensional impacts of cybersecurity incidents. The overarching aim is to underscore the often-underestimated scope and depth of these breaches, emphasizing the entire timeline post-incident and the urgent need for fortified preventative and reactive measures in the digital domain.
文摘This paper deals with a Unit Commitment (UC) problem of a power plant aimed to find the optimal scheduling of the generating units involving cubic cost functions. The problem has non convex generator characteristics, which makes it very hard to handle the corresponding mathematical models. However, Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) has reached a high efficiency, in terms of solution accuracy and computing time for such non convex problems. Hence, TLBO is applied for scheduling of generators with higher order cost characteristics, and turns out to be computationally solvable. In particular, we represent a model that takes into account the accurate higher order generator cost functions along with ramp limits, and turns to be more general and efficient than those available in the literature. The behavior of the model is analyzed through proposed technique on modified IEEE-24 bus system.
文摘目的进一步探讨透析前慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)管理是否在血液透析后具有“长期效应”,为更好的推动C K D管理从经济学以及人口学角度贡献力量。方法纳入2015年3月一2018年3月在江苏大学附属医院CKD管理门诊随诊并进入透析的70例患者(管理组),及同时期从肾脏内科专科门诊进入透析的142例患者(非管理组),随访5年,比较2组患者透析启动时以及透析后1年内的住院情况及费用,以及透析后1年、5年的死亡情况,并分析各种因素对患者全因死亡的影响。结果启动透析时管理组人均总住院费用少于非管理组(t=-3.100,P=0.002)。透析后1年内管理组的人均总住院费用少于非管理(t=-2.269,P=0.024),主要归因于药品、检验、治疗、手术及输血费用的减少。在透析启动时以及透析开始后1年内,多元线性回归发现不管是未调整、根据年龄和性别进行调整、根据合并症进行调整、根据进入血液透析时的基线实验室指标进行调整还是根据启动血液透析时的血管通路情况进行调整,C K D管理与住院人均总费用的降低独立相关(透析启动时β=0.386、0.392、0.392、0.359、0.248,P分别<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、0.018;透析1年内β=0.151、0.154、0.148、0.168、0.343,P=0.028、0.025、0.038、0.021、0.002)。Kaplan-Meier分析显示管理组透析5年的累积生存率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.947,P=0.047)。多因素分析结果显示年龄(HR=1.042,95%CI:1.021~1.062,P<0.001)和合并糖尿病(HR=0.390,95%CI:0.226~0.671,P=0.001)是患者全因死亡的独立危险因素,而透析前CKD管理则是患者全因死亡的保护性因素(HR=0.503,95%CI:0.295~0.857,P=0.012)。结论透析前C K D管理对透析后经济结果有遗留影响,能改善维持性血液透析患者的长期预后,在管理工作中尤其要关注糖尿病及老年患者。
文摘This paper presents a proposal for erodibility quantitative evaluation through a hydraulic flume based on the Inderbitzen erosion test. The equipment scheme and procedures for result calculation are described, following a review of literature. Through the proposed procedure, 24 tests are conducted, in order to study the erodibility of a sandy soil and a clayey soil, in undeformed and reconstituted conditions. These are conducted using grass roots in controlled quantities, to quantify root effects on erodibility. The results of soil loss by elapsed time and the definition of the erodibility K factor shows that clayey soil is 90% less erodible compared with sandy soil. Also, roots show no significant relationship with K factor and the undeformed sample is less erodible, compared with reconstituted sample. The test methodology and the results allowed soil classification, analytical data and comparative results between different cases.
