Lawrence is regarded as one of most accomplished short story writers in twentieth century,with "Odour of Chrysanthemums" one of his early works.Through the death of a miner,the text shows how humanity was ru...Lawrence is regarded as one of most accomplished short story writers in twentieth century,with "Odour of Chrysanthemums" one of his early works.Through the death of a miner,the text shows how humanity was ruined by industrial civilization.This essay is intended to unveil the destructive force by analyzing the relationship between the husband and wife.展开更多
A key benefit of publishing illness narratives is giving voice to sick or dying people,in order to promote a deepened understanding of patients’experiences of illness.Reading this kind of stories can also help health...A key benefit of publishing illness narratives is giving voice to sick or dying people,in order to promote a deepened understanding of patients’experiences of illness.Reading this kind of stories can also help healthcare providers to reflect about facing the difficult concept of“a good death”(a good way to die).Following considerations arise from a close reading of Franz Kafka’s incomplete short story entitled“The Hunter Gracchus”(1917)and,in particular,from the condition in which he puts the protagonist,the Hunter Gracchus.Kafka creates a completely surrealistic story concerning the artificial extension of persistently compromised vital functions of a person affected by an irreversible pathology.The protagonist,who seems to be aware of his poor condition,is really distressed by living the dying process spread over a long time and so diluted.Realistic connotations of this short story were not clear at Kafka’s time,but,nowadays,because of advances in medicine,with the availability of medications or invasive interventions developed to prolong life,many patients can experience a condition similar to hunter Gracchus’s one.We believe,therefore,that could be important reading and then reflecting on this story,especially assuming the hunter’s point of view,for the purpose of developing a new approach to the current problem of the“dehumanization”of dying.To make the reflection process as free as possible,we thought that it would have been better to give the voice to the Poet,and for this reason,we tried to avoid adding words of“wisdom”to support one thesis or another.In our opinion,reflecting upon the specific experience of a person who is practically dead but still not allowed to die could encourage health-care providers to consider meaning and consequences of serious illnesses,exploring their feelings about life-sustaining treatments and death.展开更多
This thesis,by analyzing the wolf nature,the dog nature and the human nature,and their relations,expounds the author's personal interpretation of the theme of Sherwood Anderson's short story Death in the Woods...This thesis,by analyzing the wolf nature,the dog nature and the human nature,and their relations,expounds the author's personal interpretation of the theme of Sherwood Anderson's short story Death in the Woods.The author maintains that Anderson reveals to readers the ugliness of life and the strange beauty of life,condemns the loss of love and the dehumanization of human life in the modern world and implies Anderson's deep concern on the human alienation,an important theme in the 20th century modern literature.展开更多
Michel Houellebecq is perhaps the most successful, the most famous and controversial of all current novelists writing in French. He has become a global publishing phenomenon: His books have been translated worldwide,...Michel Houellebecq is perhaps the most successful, the most famous and controversial of all current novelists writing in French. He has become a global publishing phenomenon: His books have been translated worldwide, film adaptations of his novels have been produced, and the author is the subject of a million-euro publishing deals and successive media scandals in France. The novels depict surprising forms of imaginary resources, a radiating end of the world, a post-nuclear anxiety, and depressive characters. Houellebecq shocks us leaving us in a world where the feelings of love, tenderness and goodwill have disappeared. The purpose of Houellebecq's novels is to alert about the real problems of the human society in the twenty-first century. Indeed, in the books we can easily recognize the essential features of contemporary society and the fact that the individual assumes a dehumanization process in which one has to cope with his solitude in a world of emptiness. This socio-cultural dimension is indeed the background of Houellebecq's novels, novels in which the protagonists seem to be wedged in a mechanism from which it is difficult to escape: reification and dehumanization on the one hand, "robotization" of love on the other. This article focuses on the analysis of the texts revealing the poignant characteristics of"L'Ere du vide" ("The Era of Emptiness") as described by Gilles Lipovetsky: Loneliness, the lack of love and its replacement by sexual relations.展开更多
Death in the Woods is one of Sherwood Anderson’s masterpieces.This paper intends to explore the theme of Death in the Woods.The author reveals to readers the ugliness of life and the strange beauty of life in this sh...Death in the Woods is one of Sherwood Anderson’s masterpieces.This paper intends to explore the theme of Death in the Woods.The author reveals to readers the ugliness of life and the strange beauty of life in this short story.It condemns the loss of love and dehumanization of human life in the modern world and implies Anderson's deep concern for human alienation.It is an important theme of modern literature in the 20th century.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Disrespectful and abusive (D&A) maternity care is...<strong>Objective:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Disrespectful and abusive (D&A) maternity care is a deterrent to facility childbirth and can thus contribute to child and maternal mortality. This study will review existing literature on D&A in Tanzania to better understand and contextualize the issue. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A comprehensive literature search was conducted to find relevant publications on D&A during childbirth in Tanzania. The search was conducted on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health). The inclusion criteria were as follows: qualitative, quantitative, and ethnographic studies conducted in Tanzania on obstetrical violence;published in English;focused on prevalence, incidence, root causes, historical trends, interventions, and policy recommendations for obstetrical violence in Tanzania. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Twenty-one studies were selected for this literature review. Up to 73.1% of women reported experiencing at least one form of D&A during labor. Commonly reported D&A events include non-dignified care, non-confidential care, and physical abuse. Other forms of D&A, including detention in facilities and asking for unofficial payments, are also reported. Ninety-six percent of nurses, midwives, and nursing assistants in Tanzania self-reported engaging in at least one form of D&A. Lack of training and provider support, long work hours, fear of blame, and limited infrastructure were reported as factors leading to D&A by providers. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In Tanzania, D&A during childbirth is prevalent in healthcare systems. The direct relationship between D&A and poor maternal and fetal health is well-documented. Individual and systemic factors influence </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">both provider and patient perspectives of D&A, providing a window into a complex and sensitive phenomenon. It is important that D&A in Tanzania be viewed holistically, and that interventions target the multifaceted nature of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the issue.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
The absence of anthropology from cognitive science may be related to the fact that the Western-dominated cognitive approach is not human-centered. From an anthropological perspective, we propose a possible social cogn...The absence of anthropology from cognitive science may be related to the fact that the Western-dominated cognitive approach is not human-centered. From an anthropological perspective, we propose a possible social cognitive model—the human-centered social cognitive chain. It is a theory of the human cognitive process that includes two phenomena—anthropomorphism and dehumanization;has two directions—upward and downward;involves two dimensions—morality and competence;and produces two results—cuteness and coolness. It is a way for humans to understand the whole world with themselves as starting point and end point, governing social cognition. The human-centered social cognitive chain involves gods, humans, animals, plants, artificial objects, pure objects, and even abstract concepts, on the basis of which upward and downward anthropomorphism and upward and downward dehumanization arise. The existing research on anthropomorphism and dehumanization is slightly biased in that it only emphasizes upward anthropomorphism and downward dehumanization. Theoretically, both anthropomorphism and dehumanization should be twostage processes based on essentialism, but humans engaged in cognition tend to adopt a dimensional view that simplifies them. The morality-competence dichotomy reflects this tendency and results in the cognitive outcomes of cuteness, where morality is valued higher than competence and coolness, where competence is valued higher than morality. The humancentered social cognitive chain is the paradigm by which humans understand themselves, their culture, and the world.展开更多
文摘Lawrence is regarded as one of most accomplished short story writers in twentieth century,with "Odour of Chrysanthemums" one of his early works.Through the death of a miner,the text shows how humanity was ruined by industrial civilization.This essay is intended to unveil the destructive force by analyzing the relationship between the husband and wife.
文摘A key benefit of publishing illness narratives is giving voice to sick or dying people,in order to promote a deepened understanding of patients’experiences of illness.Reading this kind of stories can also help healthcare providers to reflect about facing the difficult concept of“a good death”(a good way to die).Following considerations arise from a close reading of Franz Kafka’s incomplete short story entitled“The Hunter Gracchus”(1917)and,in particular,from the condition in which he puts the protagonist,the Hunter Gracchus.Kafka creates a completely surrealistic story concerning the artificial extension of persistently compromised vital functions of a person affected by an irreversible pathology.The protagonist,who seems to be aware of his poor condition,is really distressed by living the dying process spread over a long time and so diluted.Realistic connotations of this short story were not clear at Kafka’s time,but,nowadays,because of advances in medicine,with the availability of medications or invasive interventions developed to prolong life,many patients can experience a condition similar to hunter Gracchus’s one.We believe,therefore,that could be important reading and then reflecting on this story,especially assuming the hunter’s point of view,for the purpose of developing a new approach to the current problem of the“dehumanization”of dying.To make the reflection process as free as possible,we thought that it would have been better to give the voice to the Poet,and for this reason,we tried to avoid adding words of“wisdom”to support one thesis or another.In our opinion,reflecting upon the specific experience of a person who is practically dead but still not allowed to die could encourage health-care providers to consider meaning and consequences of serious illnesses,exploring their feelings about life-sustaining treatments and death.
文摘This thesis,by analyzing the wolf nature,the dog nature and the human nature,and their relations,expounds the author's personal interpretation of the theme of Sherwood Anderson's short story Death in the Woods.The author maintains that Anderson reveals to readers the ugliness of life and the strange beauty of life,condemns the loss of love and the dehumanization of human life in the modern world and implies Anderson's deep concern on the human alienation,an important theme in the 20th century modern literature.
文摘Michel Houellebecq is perhaps the most successful, the most famous and controversial of all current novelists writing in French. He has become a global publishing phenomenon: His books have been translated worldwide, film adaptations of his novels have been produced, and the author is the subject of a million-euro publishing deals and successive media scandals in France. The novels depict surprising forms of imaginary resources, a radiating end of the world, a post-nuclear anxiety, and depressive characters. Houellebecq shocks us leaving us in a world where the feelings of love, tenderness and goodwill have disappeared. The purpose of Houellebecq's novels is to alert about the real problems of the human society in the twenty-first century. Indeed, in the books we can easily recognize the essential features of contemporary society and the fact that the individual assumes a dehumanization process in which one has to cope with his solitude in a world of emptiness. This socio-cultural dimension is indeed the background of Houellebecq's novels, novels in which the protagonists seem to be wedged in a mechanism from which it is difficult to escape: reification and dehumanization on the one hand, "robotization" of love on the other. This article focuses on the analysis of the texts revealing the poignant characteristics of"L'Ere du vide" ("The Era of Emptiness") as described by Gilles Lipovetsky: Loneliness, the lack of love and its replacement by sexual relations.
文摘Death in the Woods is one of Sherwood Anderson’s masterpieces.This paper intends to explore the theme of Death in the Woods.The author reveals to readers the ugliness of life and the strange beauty of life in this short story.It condemns the loss of love and dehumanization of human life in the modern world and implies Anderson's deep concern for human alienation.It is an important theme of modern literature in the 20th century.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Disrespectful and abusive (D&A) maternity care is a deterrent to facility childbirth and can thus contribute to child and maternal mortality. This study will review existing literature on D&A in Tanzania to better understand and contextualize the issue. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A comprehensive literature search was conducted to find relevant publications on D&A during childbirth in Tanzania. The search was conducted on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health). The inclusion criteria were as follows: qualitative, quantitative, and ethnographic studies conducted in Tanzania on obstetrical violence;published in English;focused on prevalence, incidence, root causes, historical trends, interventions, and policy recommendations for obstetrical violence in Tanzania. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Twenty-one studies were selected for this literature review. Up to 73.1% of women reported experiencing at least one form of D&A during labor. Commonly reported D&A events include non-dignified care, non-confidential care, and physical abuse. Other forms of D&A, including detention in facilities and asking for unofficial payments, are also reported. Ninety-six percent of nurses, midwives, and nursing assistants in Tanzania self-reported engaging in at least one form of D&A. Lack of training and provider support, long work hours, fear of blame, and limited infrastructure were reported as factors leading to D&A by providers. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In Tanzania, D&A during childbirth is prevalent in healthcare systems. The direct relationship between D&A and poor maternal and fetal health is well-documented. Individual and systemic factors influence </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">both provider and patient perspectives of D&A, providing a window into a complex and sensitive phenomenon. It is important that D&A in Tanzania be viewed holistically, and that interventions target the multifaceted nature of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the issue.</span></span></span></span>
文摘The absence of anthropology from cognitive science may be related to the fact that the Western-dominated cognitive approach is not human-centered. From an anthropological perspective, we propose a possible social cognitive model—the human-centered social cognitive chain. It is a theory of the human cognitive process that includes two phenomena—anthropomorphism and dehumanization;has two directions—upward and downward;involves two dimensions—morality and competence;and produces two results—cuteness and coolness. It is a way for humans to understand the whole world with themselves as starting point and end point, governing social cognition. The human-centered social cognitive chain involves gods, humans, animals, plants, artificial objects, pure objects, and even abstract concepts, on the basis of which upward and downward anthropomorphism and upward and downward dehumanization arise. The existing research on anthropomorphism and dehumanization is slightly biased in that it only emphasizes upward anthropomorphism and downward dehumanization. Theoretically, both anthropomorphism and dehumanization should be twostage processes based on essentialism, but humans engaged in cognition tend to adopt a dimensional view that simplifies them. The morality-competence dichotomy reflects this tendency and results in the cognitive outcomes of cuteness, where morality is valued higher than competence and coolness, where competence is valued higher than morality. The humancentered social cognitive chain is the paradigm by which humans understand themselves, their culture, and the world.