Chinese Sources for AfterWards:From Premodern Poetry,Paintings,and Medical Texts to Modern Novels,Film,and Documentaries

This paper focuses on Chinese sources suggested for a narrative medicine(NM)program,called AfterWards.Dr Lauren Small established AfterWards in 2014 and has been coordinating it since out of the Pediatrics Department at Johns Hopkins Medicine.In early 2019,she started giving a series of lectures and workshops about AfterWards to Chinese medical educators and clinicians in Beijing and Shanghai.She created an AfterWards Facilitator’s Guide based on Western-language sources for workshop participants.She also started to organize with Jiang Yuhong(Peking Union Medical College)a workshop for Chinese colleagues to be held at Johns Hopkins Medicine in October 2019.They invited the author to participate.The idea was hatched then to develop Chinese source materials following the AfterWards structure for an updated Facilitator’s Guide that Dr Small had initially written.A typical one-hour AfterWards session consists of a specific five-part structure:a literary text or artwork,an associated theme,discussion topics,a writing exercise,and shared reflection.While the content of the program always changes from session to session,the basic structure remains the same.This paper summarizes the types of Chinese sources and their related narrative-medicine themes that were originally selected for inclusion in the updated AfterWards Facilitator’s Guide intended for Chinese colleagues.These sources about coping with sick family members,aging,and illness ranged from the textual(classical Chinese poems on aging and diagnostic forms for training students)and visual(premodern Chinese paintings and murals of medical encounters)to the fictive(novels)and performative(contemporary Asian-American film in English and Chinese-language film and documentaries).

Communication Strategies for Chinese Documentaries from High-context to Low-context Culture: A Comparative Study of “Wild China” of BBC and CCTV Version

As an important means of cultural transmission,documentaries are a powerful tool to make known the five thousand years of Chinese civilization to people all over the world.The“Wild China”of BBC version,popular among the great majority of overseas audience,serves as a successful carrier of Chinese culture export.Based on the theory of low-context and high-context culture,this paper uses the method of text analysis and focuses on the study of the texts in the Chinese and English versions of“Wild China”and explores the differences in the texts in terms of content and rhythm.The purpose of this study is to avoid cultural misunderstanding and optimize communication effect.Findings of this study show that against the background of low-context(English)and high-context(Chinese)culture,the English version has a good sense of rhythm,uses rhetoric for vivid description,expresses ideas directly,and provides explanation for phenomena through narrating or telling a story.But Chinese version has plainer descriptions,uses more euphemistic or abstract words,analyzes phenomena in less detail and narrates more formally.So,it is suggested that in translating texts into English,concepts need to be made accessible,logical and direct with more explanation,more rhetoric,more objective evaluation,and less pursuit of artistic abstraction.These communication strategies conforming to low-context culture can help overseas audience accept Chinese culture more easily.

At the Crossroads： Examining a New Paradigm for Documentaries in the Twenty-First Century

The culture and history of traditional documentaries carries a set of expectations about types and topics, which are covered by the genre. Documentaries are designed to push social agendas with few thoughts to the audience reaction. They align more closely with the vision of the creators and producers, often delivering ideological expressions that present cultural, political, and historical content. However, this might be a voice from the past as television, film, and consumer-generated content finds easy voices for expression due to accessibility of technology in the digital era. The role of documentaries as a genre is in the process of changing. The challenges to this type of production are the result of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Production costs for creating documentaries have simultaneously soared and shrunk, depending on the accessibility of equipment, post-production facilities and distribution. Of course there are many exceptions to this rule given outlets such as film festivals and YouTube as well as Michael Moore-level auteurs. External influences center on the blurring of lines, caused by the proliferation of television programs under the ＂umbrella＂ of reality television. This, in turn, begs the question： Is reality programming the new documentary or is it a new separate genre？ This discussion will explore the overlap and similarities that exist between documentary programming and reality television programming. Furthermore, it will develop a paradigm of comparisons that re-examines the role and character of documentary production and aesthetics within the landscape of the reality television genre.

A Comparative Analysis of VR Documentaries and Traditional Documentaries

Virtual Reality is a new technology which has been used into different subjects.The combination of Virtual reality and documentary making has showed different characteristic.The traditional narrative method has changed and has different problems compared with traditional documentary making.This article compares the difference of VR documentary and traditional documentary in narrative method,audience experience,point out the problems of VR documentary and give advice.

Educational Discourse in Film:The History of Chinese Educational Documentaries

As presented in documentary form,the discourse of the last one hundred years of modern Chinese education is very different from its written counterpart.Documentary discourse provides a perspective on education as realized and understood through the lens.On screen,evolving thoughts on Chinese education have been reconstructed.This article reviews and explores developments in the history of educational documentary in China.The value of the audio-visual method of expressing the essence of education is pursued.The meaning of this evidence is thus restored.

From Diaries to Digital:The Role of AI in Web-Mediated Documentary Analysis

This paper explores how artificial intelligence(AI)can support social researchers in utilizing web-mediated documents for research purposes.It extends traditional documentary analysis to include digital artifacts such as blogs,forums,emails and online archives.The discussion highlights the role of AI in different stages of the research process,including question generation,sample and design definition,ethical considerations,data analysis,and results dissemination,emphasizing how AI can automate complex tasks and enhance research design.The paper also reports on practical experiences using AI tools,specifically ChatGPT-4,in conducting web-mediated documentary analysis and shares some ideas for the integration of AI in social research.

A Functionalist Approach to the Translation of Allusions in Chinese Tourism Texts

Allusions are very common in Chinese tourism texts. When translating them, translators should make the translated version both understandable and acceptable. With Nord's documentary translation and instrumental translation, this paper explores how to apply these two translation processes to the translation of allusions in Chinese tourism texts.

NHK国际时事类纪录片《DOCUMEN-TARY WAVE》选择性涉华报道中的中国形象

日本NHK电视台播放时间固定的国际时事类纪录片节目《DOCUMENTARY WAVE》最为关注的国家即为中国。通过内容分析,其涉华纪录片涉及领域最多的为经济和社会,其次为政治与环境。相关涉华纪录片在题材上大量关注了负面内容,叙事立场上看似中立,其实存在着政治倾向。经济领域方面反映了中国企业走出国门、中国资本及人员流动等在国际社会上影响力日益提高的国家形象。而社会领域和环境领域则片面讲述了经济快速发展背后社会问题多发及环境污染严重的国家形象。政治方面选择性地反映了中国基层选举、思想界、网民的网络表达等方面多种矛盾与对立并存的形象。《DOCUMENTARY WAVE》对中国形象的选择性反映与中国与日本的国家力量转换及日本媒体新闻价值观均有一定关联。

记录正在消失的文化(上)──人类学纪录片在中国

１９世纪末电影的发明凝结了很多人的智慧，爱迪生、卢米埃尔兄弟等诸多前人发明电影是为了记录人类创造的历史和文化，抑或是为了给单调乏味的人类生活增添一些乐趣，我们无从了解。而敏锐的人类学家几乎在电影诞生的同时也意识到了这种光与影结合的技术在田野调查、教学研究以及保存异文化模式方面具有文字所无法比拟的表现空间。 本文主要结合西方影视人类学的发展脉络，概略回顾了人类学纪录片在中国近一个世纪的发展史，并对一些重点作品进行了分析。对人类学和纪录片这两个源自西方的概念在中国语境的不同解释也作了一番探究。此外还从人类学田野研究的角度阐述了“参与观察”对纪录片创作的意义以及未来人类学纪录片在中国的走向。

Hyper-real Narratives： The Emergence of Contemporary Film Subgenres

The scope of this paper is to investigate a number of emerging contemporary popular subgenres, namely that of ＂mumblecore film＂, the ＂best-worst film＂ and ＂the gonzo documentary＂. Unlike historical cinematic movements, these subgenres are the result of our techocentric culture and commercialism. In this respect these subgenres are less motivated by a collective ideology, but rather a cultural phenomenon resulting from increased access to popular culture, hypermedia devices, social media, and new marketing techniques. This paper investigates the displacement of traditional models of temporality through the metamorphosis of today＇s audiovisual culture, outlining the subject＇s embodiment of voyeurism and exhibitionism, ushering in a hyper-real era of self-myth making and consumption.

Behavior of the Cultivable Airborne Mycobiota in air-conditioned environments of three Havanan archives, Cuba

High concentrations of environmental fungi in the archives repositories are dangerous for the documents preserved in those places and for the workers'health.The aims of this work were to evaluate the behavior of the fungal concentration and diversity in the indoor air of repositories of 3 archives located in Havana,Cuba,and to demonstrate the potential risk that these taxa represent for the documentary heritage preserved in these institutions.The indoor and outdoor environments were sampled with a biocollector.From the I/O ratios,it was evident that two of the studied archives were not contaminated,while one of them did show contamination despite having temperature and relative humidity values very similar to the other two.Aspergillus,Penicillium and Cladosporium were the predominant genera in the indoor environments.New finds for archival environments were the genera Harposporium and Scolecobasidium.The principal species classified ecologically as abundant were C.cladosporioides and P.citrinum.They are known as opportunistic pathogenic fungi.All the analyzed taxa excreted acids,the most of them degraded cellulose,starch and gelatin while about 48%excreted different pigments.But 33%of them showed the highest biodeteriogenic potential,evidencing that they are the most dangerous for the documentary collections.

换个角度看世界——试用主体视点回答关于Activity Documentary的几个问题

许多关于纪录电影或电影的史记编年体的学术著作里,往往把纪录电影推至直接电影就戛然而止了。而对于之后纪录电影更多的描述是独立制片、新纪录电影等。关于系统地阐述Activity Documentary的章节还未完全成形,也没有专门的理论来解构它。本文尝试用拟人论及主体视点解构Activity Documentary,以及制作纪录片的导演们,力求更接近该种模式纪录片的本质。纪录电影随着人类的发展史开始了新的篇章。纪录电影早期在纠结于对真实的探究,人们总是把注意力过多地放在是否真实上。这倒也可以理解,毕竟人们不想陷入不可知论的恐慌中,和所有的记载人类历史的方式一样,既然拿起了纪录的工具,那虚假的纪录也就失去了原本的意义。其实纪录电影发展到现在,学术界还不能给它一个非此即彼的界定,既然这样,那么我们就说纪录电影一直在路上好了。伴随着20世纪60年代美国兴起的新左派运动,Activity Documentary逐渐走上舞台,它的出现刺激了纪录电影的再一次发展。

A Research on the Documentary Subtitle Translation from the Perspective of Reception Aesthetics Theory——A Case Study of the Subtitle Translation of The Story of China

Documentary is an important form of audiovisual works with the characteristics of both authenticity and artistry, which plays a significant role in the spread of culture and knowledge. Reception aesthetics is a theory of literary criticism raised by the German literature theoretician and aesthetician Hans Robert Jauss in the 1960 s, in which the focus of literary studies is shifted from the author and text to the reader. It emphasizes reader's participation and acceptance during the text understanding, by shifting the central position of studies from the author and work to the reader. It claims that only the works that have been comprehended and delivered by readers possess artistic value and meaning. With the characteristic of audience-centered, documentary happens to coincide with reception aesthetics theory which takes readers' horizon of expectation into consideration. Applying the theory of reception aesthetics as its interpretive framework, this paper makes an effort to study subtitle translation of documentary films.

Test Calibration of the Paleoclimatic Proxy Data with Chinese Historical Records

The calibration of paleoclimate proxies is one of the key problems in the study of paleoclimate at present. Historical documentary records of climate are suitable for calibration on dating and the climatic implication of the proxy data in a climatological sense. A test calibration on correcting the Delingha tree ring precipitation series using Chinese historical documentary records shows that among the 44 extreme dry cases in 1401 1950 AD, 42 cases （or 95.5%） are believable. Thus the long series of Delingha rings-denoted precipitation is highly reliable. Another test to validate the monsoon intensity proxy data based on the Zhanjiang Huguangyan sediments using historical records indicates that the years of Lake Maar Ti content series-designated winter monsoon intensities are entirely opposite to historical documents- depicted years of harsh winters in 800-900 AD. As a result, serious doubt is raised about the climatic implication of this paleo-monsoon proxy series.

Review of Study on Development Low Carbon Industry

Through collecting and arranging research findings in recent years,connotation,necessity,power mechanism,support system and foreign experience and implications of low carbon industry are reviewed and discussed. It is believed that future study should continue to follow up foreign latest research findings. In addition,it should attach importance and strengthen study on economic performance,system and technical management of low carbon industry.

Research on Media Activism： In and Beyond the Film Sphere

For over a century, nofi-fiction film has figured prominently in the public sphere as a powerful means of persuasion Among the different types, video activism is a typical one which has been exploring by many scholars. Thus, this article discussed media activism from different spheres. Though this people could figure the difference between video activism and ordinary social documentaries. And also those studies about the function, mechanism, strategies of the video activism provide a foothold for a further study of media activism.

When Violence on Stage Becomes Real： My Name Is Rachel Corrie

＂Verbatim＂ is a kind of documentary theatre in which drama is made from the precise words spoken by people in evidence, witnessing or remembering. Raising political issues and controversial topics, My Name Is Rachel Corrie （2005） is not just a moving play about violence in the Palestinian conflict. It is the real story of the murder of an American activist＇s fighting to denounce the genocide of innocent people. The problems of censorship that the play suffered in his premiere in New York remark the voice of a controversial play in Broadway＇s world. This paper will examine the images of violence present in the play and the value of the speaker as a real witness

From Wallpaper to Interactivity： Use of Archive Footage in Documentary Filmmaking

＂Our relation to the past is being transformed by digital media. Internet and digital databases increase the presence of the past and remake our connection to both past and present＂ （Manoff, 2010, p. 9）. The use of archive footage in documentary filmmaking has increased significantly, since the digitalization of audio-visual archives. Access is facilitated by databases and different interfaces. The theorization about the particular impacts of archive footage on the documentary text has not received much attention as yet as archive usage has been seen as unproblematic and digital archives as just ＂handy＂. This paper is a first step in the development of a taxonomy of how archive footage is being used by documentary filmmakers, while taken into account the production practices and the processes of archivization of archive materials.