Effects of Proportion of Dry Matter in Different Organs on Neutral Detergent Fiber Content in Silage Corn

[ Objective] To investigate the effects of proportion of dry matter of different organs in whole-plant dry matter on neutral detergent fiber （NDF） content in silage com. [ Metbod] A total of 36 crosses were developed from nine inbred lines, according to complete diallel crossing design. The NDF contents and proportion of dry matter in different organs were statistically analyzed. [ Result] The NDF contents were significantly different between different organs of silage corn, and the proportion of dry matter and NDF content had significant correlation in different organs. The wholeplant NDF content was positively correlated with the proportion of dry matter in straw, stem and leaf as well as bract and spike-stalk, but it was negatively correlated with the proportion of dry matter in ear. [Conclusion] TO reduce NDF content in straw and to increase grain yield are efficient ways to improve quality of silage corn.

Steel Fiber Toughening Mullite-SiC Castables for Coke Dry Quenching Furnace Corbel Pillar

The mullite-SiC castables for coke dry quenching（CDQ）furnace corbel pillar were prepared by taking mullite and silicon carbide as aggregates,silicon carbide powder,fused silica powder,α-Al2O3powder and silica fume as matrix,calcium aluminate cement as binding system,and extra-adding steel fibers to extend the CDQ furnace refractory life.The effects of steel fiber types（melt pumping meniscus,cut straight,wavy indentation,cold-drawn hook）and steel fiber extra-additions（0,1%,2%,3%by volume）on the properties of mullite-SiC castables were investigated.Then the toughening mechanism of steel fiber in the castables was analyzed according to the load-displacement curves.The results show that：（1）the toughening effects of the melt pumping meniscus steel fiber with rough surface and colddrawn hook steel fiber with strong anchoring effect with the matrix are better than those of cut straight steel fiber and wavy indentation steel fiber;（2）the suitable amount of steel fiber（less than 2%）in mullite-SiC castables not only significantly improves the mechanical properties,thermal shock resistance and wearing resistance,but also improves the fracture energy by 49.0%and slows the crack growth;（3）the bond strength and mechanical anchoring force between steel fiber and castable interface are key elements of steel fiber reinforced castables.

Long-term Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Exposed to Sulfate Solution Cycling in Drying-immersion

The damage process and corrosion ion distribution in concrete, which was exposed to 60 and 170 drying-immersion cycles of sulfate solution, were systematically investigated. The effects of plain concrete, plain concrete mixed with 4 and 8 kg/m^3 modified PP fiber and high-performance concrete（HPC） mixed with 0.8 kg/m^3 fine PP fiber on the damage process were also studied. The experimental results showed that thenarditeinduced surface scaling, as well as gypsum-and ettringite-induced cracks, were the main degradation forms of concrete under attack of sulfate solution and drying–immersion cycles. The relative dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete initially increased, then reached stability and finally decreased to failure. The sulfate diffusion coefficients of plain and HPC were 10^（-12） and 10^（-13） m^2/s, respectively. The concentration of sodium ion increased with depth, then maintained stability and finally decreased rapidly with concrete depth. The content of calcium ion on the concrete surface was 110%-150% of that in the interior of specimens. Although fiber worsened the surface scaling of concrete, better resistance capacity of sulfate ion penetration into concrete was observed in plain concrete with 4 kg/m^3 modified PP fiber and HPC.

Topical Application of Tenshino-Softgel^TMReduces Epidermal Nerve Fiber Density in a Chronic Dry Skin Model Mouse

Background: Dry skin induces antihistamine-resistant itch, as well as epidermal hyperinnervation, which is partly responsible for peripheral itch sensitization. In acute dry skin, topical application of emollients prevents the penetration of nerve fibers into the epidermis. However, the effects of emollients on itch and epidermal hyperinnervation in individuals with chronic dry skin are poorly understood. Objective: This study examined the effects of Tenshino-softgelTM (TSG) on itch-related behavior, epidermal hyperinnervation and skin barrier function in a chronic dry skin model mouse. Methods: Chronic dry skin was induced by application of acetone/ether (1:1) mixture and water (AEW) to the rostral parts of the back of hairless mice twice daily for six consecutive days. As treatment, TSG or, as control, Vaseline (V) was applied to the same areas twice daily. Skin barrier function was evaluated by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) before each treatment. Scratching behavior was recorded and analyzed using a SCLABA&reg-real system, and skin samples were collected for immunohistochemical assays. Results: TEWL tended to be lower and scratching bouts fewer in AEW + TSG- than in AEW-treated mice. The numbers of protein gene product 9.5-immunoreactive fibers and substance P-immunoreactive fibers were each significantly lower in the epidermis of AEW + TSG- than of AEW-treated mice, but the expression of nerve growth factor in epidermis was similar in the three groups. Semaphorin 3A expression was significantly higher in the epidermis of AEW + TSG- than of AEW- and AEW + V-treated mice. Conclusion: Topical application of TSG may attenuate itch induced by chronic dry skin through a mechanism involving the inhibition of epidermal hyperinnervation.

不同水分条件下黑膜覆盖和根际促生菌对棉花生理特性与产量的影响

本研究旨在探讨黑膜覆盖和根际促生菌(PGPR)在不同水分条件下对棉花生长、生理特性及纤维品质的影响。2022年大田试验在充分灌溉(W1)和覆白膜(M1)条件下设置了施用0(W1B0M1)、3(W1B1M1)、6 mL∙株-1(W1B2M1)和9 mL∙株^(-1)(W1B3M1)四个浓度PGPR处理,2023年大田试验在充分灌溉(W1)条件下设置了覆白膜处理(W1B0M1)、黑膜处理(W1B0M2)和3 mL∙株^(-1)的PGPR(W1B1M1)处理,在水分亏缺(W2)条件下设置了覆白膜处理(W2B0M1)和3 mL∙株-1的PGPR(W2B1M1)处理,监测与分析了不同试验处理对棉花植株水势、株高、茎粗、果枝数、棉铃数及干物质积累的影响。结果表明:相比充分灌溉不加菌,充分灌溉条件下施用PGPR在一定程度上能够平衡棉花植株营养和生殖生长;黑膜覆盖增强了地下部分生长,对棉花产量与品质的形成产生负效应;水分亏缺显著降低了植株籽棉产量,降幅为23.5%,对茎粗、棉铃数、皮棉产量和最终的棉铃干质量没有显著影响。相比水分亏缺不加菌,水分亏缺条件下施加PGPR显著提高了植株茎粗和棉铃数,增幅分别为16.8%和57.7%,对株高、籽棉和皮棉产量没有显著影响。尽管各处理均降低了棉纤维上半部平均长度、整齐度指数、断裂比强度和马克隆值,但其影响均不显著。研究表明,低浓度PGPR(B1)在充分灌溉条件下显著促进了棉花的生殖生长,而高浓度PGPR效果较弱。在水分亏缺条件下,PGPR改善了棉花的水分状况并增强了抗旱性,尽管对产量有一定促进作用,但未达显著性。此外,黑膜覆盖通过升高土壤温度抑制了棉花的生长和产量,尤其是籽棉和皮棉产量显著下降。

干湿循环作用下聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗拉强度试验研究

混凝土中掺入聚丙烯纤维可有效提升其抗拉强度特性,但目前缺乏干湿循环作用下聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗拉强度及其微观机制的研究。通过考虑聚丙烯纤维掺量(0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%)及干湿循环次数(0~100次),对哑铃形试样开展单轴拉伸试验。分析干湿循环作用对聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗拉强度的影响,并结合干湿循环后试样质量损失率及微观孔隙结构,讨论上述影响的微观机制。结果表明,当聚丙烯纤维掺量小于0.6%时,聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗拉强度基本随聚丙烯纤维掺量的增大而增大;而当聚丙烯纤维掺量继续增加到0.8%时,抗拉强度出现下降;随着干湿循环次数的增加,抗拉强度逐渐降低;聚丙烯纤维掺量为0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%的试样经100次干湿循环后其抗拉强度分别下降了29.6%、22.8%、17.5%、11.7%、12.4%;干湿循环导致混凝土质量损失率上升,内部孔隙增大,进而导致抗裂强度显著降低。

光响应聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备及其性能研究

在聚氨酯(PU)弹性纤维制备过程中引入1,3,3-三甲基吲哚-奈谔嗪(TINS)光响应变色材料,通过现有干法纺丝工艺制备TINS/PU光响应弹性纤维。结果表明:添加质量分数为0.05‰的TINS,PU弹性纤维可以表现出极快的光响应变色功能;随着TINS添加量的增加,TINS/PU纤维光响应变色时间也随之延长,添加质量分数为0.05‰、0.10‰、0.20‰TINS的PU纤维的光响应变色时间分别约为3、7、9 s,并且纤维的力学性能基本不受影响。

盐-干湿循环耦合侵蚀下玄武岩纤维再生混凝土耐久性评价及寿命预测

为了研究盐溶液侵蚀下玄武岩纤维对再生混凝耐久性能的影响,开展了不同玄武岩纤维掺量下再生混凝土试块在受到盐-干湿循环耦合侵蚀后耐久性能变化规律研究。基于熵权法建立了综合耐久性指标D值来评价再生混凝土耐久性能,分析了盐溶液干湿循环周期和玄武岩纤维掺量对D值的影响,并构建了GM(1,1)均值模型,用以揭示再生混凝土D值的时变规律,得到了不同条件下再生混凝土的预测寿命。结果表明:D值可以反映出不同盐溶液干湿循环周期及玄武岩纤维掺量对再生混凝土耐久性能影响规律。随着盐溶液干湿循环周期的增加,试件D值呈现出逐渐下降的趋势,且变化趋于剧烈,表现为D值下降速率逐渐增大;玄武岩纤维的掺入可以有效提高再生混凝土D值,改善再生混凝土的耐久性能;玄武岩纤维掺量为1.0%时,耐久性能改善效果最佳;在数据量较少时,GM(1,1)模型可以较为精确地预测再生混凝土在盐-干湿循环耦合侵蚀下D值的时变规律。

Effect of steam pretreatment on wood moisture content and characteristics of vacuum drying

The effects of high temperature steam pretreatment on the change in wood moisture content （MC） and characteristics of vacuum drying were investigated in this study. Poplar and manchurian walnut woods were pretreated with high temperature steam at 100~C and 140~C, prior to vacuum drying. A comparison of the characteristics of vacuum drying between steam pretreated wood and untreated wood was carried out. The results show that during steam pretreatment, the MC of wood decreased within a few hours. The reduction of MC varied with the temperature; the higher the temperature, the faster the MC dropped. During the vacuum drying stage, the rates of drying ofpretreated samples were higher than those of untreated samples when MC was below the fiber saturation point. Furthermore, the total drying time of samples treated at a steam temperature of 140~C was lower than that of untreated samples. Therefore, a vacuum procedure after steam pretreatment can effectively shorten the drying time when drying wood.

Preparation of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet powders and fibers

Using nitrate precursors, a novel spray-drying assisted citrate gel process for the preparation of neodymium-doped yttrium alumi- num garnet （YAG） phase was developed. Synthesis of single-phase polycrystalline YAG was achieved at temperatures as low as 800 ℃ using the spray-drying methodology whilst conventional approaches currently available require 1000 ℃. Initially, a solution was prepared by mixing aluminum and yttrium nitrates, citric acid, etilenglycol and neodymium oxide. This solution was dried by pulverization （spray dryer） to obtain aggregated precursor powders of the compound. These aggregates were calcined at 800, 850 and 900 ℃ to determine the phase evolution from amorphous to crystalline by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The morphology of aggregates was characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Moreover, through XRD it was determined that the crystallization of YAG phase started at about 800 ℃ without any intermediate phases. The powders were composed of spherical aggregates with an average diameter of 1 um. From these powders, ceramic fibers with additions of 2at.% and 5at.% Nd, were extracted from the melt with diameters ranging from 30 um to 50 um.

Microwave Dried Carrot Pomace as a Source of Fiber and Carotenoids

Carrot pomace is a major by-product obtained during the industrial juice extraction process, which is discarded contributing to environmental pollution. This residue is rich in fiber, and contains high amounts of carotenoids and phenolic compounds that could contribute to its application as functional ingredient, improving the quality of foods and helping to reduce the environmental problem. In this study, carrot pomace powders obtained by microwave or hot air drying were incorporated into cookies in order to improve their phytochemical content. Cookies were prepared using a traditional cookie recipe substituting 30% of the wheat flour for either of the carrot pomace powders. Fiber, carotenoids and phenolic compounds were determined;image analysis and acceptability of the cookies were also conducted. The substitution of 30% of wheat flour for carrot pomace powders increased 3.7 fold the total dietary fiber of cookies, from 7.13 g/100gto26.44 g/100g;accounting the 7.4% of fiber daily intake with the consumption of one cookie (7 g). A similar pattern was found in the content of carotenoids and phenolic compounds. Carrot pomace dried with microwaves had the highest amount of these bioactive compounds. β-carotene, epicatechin, gallic and ferulic acids were identified in cookies with microwave carrot pomace powder. The cookies incorporated with carrot pomace powders exhibited improved antioxidant properties because of the increase in the phytochemical content. Acceptable cookies with appealing orange color were obtained. The results indicated that the replacement of wheat flour for carrot pomace powders yielded dietary fiber enriched cookies with improved carotenoid content.

Analysis of Some Important Forage Quality Attributes of Southeastern Wildrye (Elymus glabriflorus) Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Southeastern wildrye (Elymus glabriflorus, Vasey ex L.H. Dewey) is a cool-season, perennial grass native to southeastern United States. Recently, there is a growing interest in its development as a grazing and haying forage crop due to its wide area of adaptation across this region. Consequently, there is a great need for the evaluation of its forage quality by rapid, but accurate analytical methods like Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS). In this study, acceptable NIRS calibration models were developed for: dry matter, DM (n = 113, R2 = 0.904, RSCD = 2.54, RSCIQ = 4.65);crude protein, CP (n = 113, R2 = 0.974, RSCD = 5.16, RSCIQ = 5.92);acid detergent fiber, ADF (n = 116, R2 = 0.896, RSCD = 2.35, RSCIQ = 1.28);neutral detergent fiber, NDF (n = 118, R2 = 0.934, RSCD = 2.53, RSCIQ = 3.38);digestible dry matter, DDM (n = 116, R2 = 0.895, RSCD = 2.36, RSCIQ = 1.35);dry matter intake, DMI (n = 115, R2 = 0.924, RSCD = 2.40, RSCIQ = 2.53);and relative feed value, RFV (n = 114, R2 = 0.932, RSCD = 2.94, RSCIQ = 2.81). Prediction of independent validation sets yielded good agreement between the NIRS predicted values and the laboratory reference values for each of: DM (n = 53, R2 = 0.831, RPD = 2.45, RPIQ = 4.24);CP (n = 57, R2 = 0.967, RPD = 5.37, RPIQ = 7.16);ADF (n = 49, R2 = 0.895, RPD = 2.97, RPIQ = 1.51);NDF (n = 53, R2 = 0.928, RPD = 3.75, RPIQ = 4.22);digestible dry matter, DDM (n = 55, R2 = 0.860, RSCD = 265, RSCIQ = 1.15);dry matter intake, DMI (n = 156, R2 = 0.845, RSCD = 2.48, RSCIQ = 2.11);and relative feed value, RFV (n = 55, R2 = 0.916, RSCD = 3.45, RSCIQ = 3.04) contents, indicating that all seven calibration models had good quantitative information. Therefore, precise, accurate, and rapid analysis of these important forage quality attributes of southeastern wildrye can be routinely done using the developed NIRS calibration models.

干湿循环作用下剑麻纤维加筋膨胀土的抗裂作用及影响因素

为研究干湿循环作用下纤维加筋膨胀土的抗裂效果,分别开展了素土和剑麻纤维加筋膨胀土的干湿循环试验,并采用图像处理技术提取试样表面裂隙参数,分析了剑麻纤维含量及长度、干湿循环次数、试样含水率对裂隙发育的影响.结果表明:1)剑麻纤维加筋膨胀土具有较好的抗裂性能,且剑麻纤维的掺入对膨胀土的裂隙率和裂隙平均宽度影响较大,相较于素土试样,最优加筋土试样的裂隙率和裂隙平均宽度均比素土试样减小了约1/2.2)纤维长度相同时,随着纤维含量的增大,裂隙率、裂隙总长度、裂隙平均宽度和分形维数均呈先减小后增大的趋势,且纤维含量为0.4%时各参数值最小;纤维含量相同时,纤维长度对各裂隙参数影响不大.3)随着干湿循环次数的增加,加筋土和素土试样裂隙参数均呈逐渐增大趋势,但纤维加筋土裂隙率和裂隙平均宽度的增大幅度均比素土小;从第5次干湿循环开始,各裂隙参数增长趋缓.4)单次脱湿过程中,试样含水率由20%降至10%时,裂隙急剧发育,且素土裂隙的发育对含水率的变化更加敏感,含水率低于10%时,随着含水率的减小,试样裂隙率变小并趋于稳定;相同含水率条件下,剑麻纤维加筋土具有更好的抗裂性能.5)剑麻纤维加筋膨胀土的抗裂机理主要表现在两方面,一方面是剑麻纤维的掺入增大了膨胀土的渗透系数,促进了试样内水分的均匀分布,减小了试样各处的胀缩差异;另一方面纵横交错的剑麻纤维约束了聚集体之间大孔隙的收缩.

Moisture Content and Nutrient Composition of Alfalfa under Different Drying Methods

[Objective] The paper was to study the effects of different drying methods on moisture content and nutrient composition of alfalfa.[Method] Alfalfa collected from the same piece of land in early flowering period were dried through three different drying methods, solar drying,outdoor drying in the sun and outdoor drying in the shade, and the effects of different drying methods on contents of moisture, crude protein, crude ash and neutral detergent fiber（NDF） were measured. [Result] The moisture evaporation rate of different drying methods over the same period successively were solar drying 〉 outdoor drying in the sun 〉 outdoor drying in the shade. The crude protein content of alfalfa was the highest through solar drying（P〈0.05）, followed by outdoor drying in the shade, and the crude protein content through outdoor drying in the sun was the lowest. Under the condition of different moisture contents, the crude protein content of dried samples through outdoor drying in the sun decreased by 6.86%-22.43% compared to solar drying, and that through outdoor drying in the shade reduced by 4.92%-17.20%. Under the same moisture content, the crude ash content successively were outdoor drying in the shade 〉 outdoor drying in the sun 〉 solar drying; the crude ash content of alfalfa through solar drying was 3.72%-19.22% lower than outdoor drying in the sun, and 8.12%-29.93% lower than outdoor drying in the shade. The NDF content of alfalfa through outdoor drying in the sun was the highest, significantly higher than the other two drying methods（ P〈0.05）. The NDF content through solar drying was the lowest, 9.08%-27.25% lower than outdoor drying in the sun, and 4.84%-24.84% lower than outdoor drying in the shade. [Conclusion] The paper will provide some references for selection of appropriate alfalfa drying method.

Preparation and Properties of Modified Sol-Gel Sensing Membrane for Fiber Optic Oxygen Sensor

Modified sensing membranes based on fluorescence quenching were prepared by the sol-gel method,using formamide as the drying control chemical additive,tetraethoxysilane as the main material,Ru(phen) 3Cl 2 as the indicator.The membrane with the optimum thickness of 20-50μm is uniform and crack-free,in which the indicator has a very small leaking rate.The membrane is immersed in water for 50h,the membrane sensing parameter M decreases by less than 5%.The fiber optic oxygen sensor with the sensing membrane has a detection limit of 5×10 -6M(ppm),a response time of less than 30s,excellent reproducibility and stability.

竹纤维增强金尾矿砂加气混凝土性能研究

以竹纤维为增强材料制备B06级金尾矿砂加气混凝土,分析了竹纤维掺量和长度对竹纤维砂加气混凝土(BFAAC)料浆流动性、发气高度、干密度和抗压强度等的影响;采用XRD及SEM分析了BFAAC的物相组成和微观结构。结果表明:随着竹纤维掺量的增加,BFAAC的料浆流动性、发气高度逐渐下降,试样干密度逐渐增大,抗压和抗折强度先提高后降低,竹纤维的最佳掺量为0.3%。竹纤维长度对BFAAC浆料性能和制品基本物理力学性能影响不明显。XRD和SEM分析表明,BFAAC的水化产物主要是托贝莫来石和少量C-S-H;竹纤维不参与基体材料之间的水化反应,而是通过物理作用达到增强效果。

干湿循环作用下融雪剂对玻璃纤维水泥土力学性能影响的试验研究

为研究在干湿循环作用下不同种类融雪剂对玻璃纤维水泥土力学性能的影响,制备浓度为0.2mol/L的醋酸钾、氯化镁和硫酸钠溶液作为融雪剂溶液,将养护后的无纤维水泥土和有纤维水泥土试块在不同种类的融雪剂溶液中浸泡3d,然后将试块取出放入烘干箱内分别进行8~10次干湿循环。进而分析融雪剂类型、干湿循环次数对试块表面破坏状态、强度和质量等的影响。试验结果表明:经过10次干湿循环后,醋酸钾融雪剂溶液对试块质量和强度的影响程度小于氯化镁溶液和硫酸钠溶液,说明醋酸钾融雪剂对水泥土侵蚀作用较小;试块表面裂纹随着干湿循环次数的增加逐渐增多加深,在经历相同干湿循环次数后,有纤维水泥土试块的裂纹发展程度、质量损失率和强度损失率均低于无纤维水泥土试块,说明通过添加玻璃纤维可有效提高水泥土抗干湿循环和融雪剂侵蚀的能力。

基于压电纤维复合材料半主动干摩擦阻尼器的设计与实验研究

针对薄壁结构的振动问题,设计了一种铺设压电纤维复合材料(Macro-Fiber Composite,MFC)的波纹形柔性干摩擦阻尼器。介绍了波纹形半主动干摩擦阻尼器的结构形式和驱动原理。通过准静态试验探究了阻尼器在不同电压序列下输入电压与输出正压力的关系,揭示了MFC驱动变形的迟滞非线性,并据此提出了局部线性化的驱动方案,规避了迟滞非线性给正压力控制带来的挑战。在此基础上,对安装上述阻尼器的悬臂梁结构开展了振动试验。结果表明,在设计工况下该阻尼器的减振效果良好,质量占比仅为5%的阻尼器即可使振动峰值下降79%;该半主动干摩擦阻尼器显著拓宽了有效工作范围,当振动水平为设计工况的9倍时,通过MFC驱动调控正压力,减振比例仍可保持在约75%,避免了阻尼效果的大幅衰减。

硫酸盐干湿循环下玄武岩纤维混凝土抗侵蚀研究

以玄武岩纤维混凝土为研究对象,开展了不同硫酸盐浓度下干湿循环侵蚀试验,重点研究抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、相对动弹性模量及质量变化随干湿循环周次的变化规律及不同玄武岩纤维掺量对侵蚀劣化程度的影响。试验结果表明:干湿循环下硫酸盐浓度对不同纤维体积掺量的混凝土性能侵蚀劣化影响显著。随着硫酸盐浓度的增大,在干湿循环条件下抗压强度、劈裂抗压强度和质量变化曲线均由近似线性增长逐渐演化为“锅盖状”的先增后减,最大值对应的干湿循环周次为30,相对动弹性模量则由“躺L型”演变为“躺S型”;适量纤维的掺入可有效提高混凝土致密性,削弱硫酸盐侵蚀对混凝土性能劣化的影响。