External application of a Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers

Diabetic foot ulcers are one of the most severe complications of diabetes that have imposed great financial and psychological burdens on diabetic patients.A Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton(Nr-CWS)can be externally applied to accelerate wound healing.However,its clinical application has not yet been reported.Herein,we report two patients with diabetic foot ulcers treated with Nr-CWS.After wound debridement,the wound was covered with a sterile cotton ball infiltrated with an Nr-CWS that was diluted with 2.0 mL of saline.The covers were changed every two days until complete wound healing occurred.The two wounds healed after 3 and 12 weeks,respectively.This article aims to provide a new treatment for diabetic foot ulcers,with the hope that physicians may consider an Nr-CWS as a complementary method for the treatment of chronic wounds.

Effect of Infrared Irradiation Combined with External Application Nursing on Maintenance of Vascular Access in Hemodialysis Patients

Objective:This paper mainly analyzes the effect of infrared radiation combined with external application nursing on maintenance of vascular access in hemodialysis patients.Methods:A total of 150 hemodialysis patients in our hospital from December 2019 to September 2020 were divided into the conventional group and the study group,75 cases in each group.The conventional group was given external application nursing alone,and the study group was given infrared radiation combined with external application nursing,and the effect on the maintenance of vascular access was counted.Results:After the intervention,the indexes of URR,kt/V and human albumin in the study group were higher than those in the routine group,and the indexes of β2-mg and MIS in the study group were lower than those in the routine group,P<0.05;The improvement of vascular elasticity and quality of life in the study group was higher than that in the conventional group,and the incidence of complications was lower than that in the conventional group,P<0.05.Conclusion:Infrared radiation combined with external application of nursing care in hemodialysis patients with vascular access maintenance effect is significant,can effectively improve vascular elasticity.

Effects of External Application of Chinese Medicine on Diabetic Ulcers and the Expressions of β-catenin,c-myc and K6

Objective：To observe the clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine（CM） treatment of Hongyou Ointment（红油膏） and Shengji Powder（生肌散） on diabetic ulcers,and to observe the influence of CM treatment on the expressions of proteins associated with the Wnt signaling pathway,such asβ-catenin,c-myc and K6.Methods：sixty-two patients fitting the registration standards were randomly divided into the CM group（31 patients） and the Western medicine（WM） group（31 patients） by a random number table.The patients in the CM group were treated with Hongyou Ointment and Shengji Powder externally.The patients in the WM group were treated with mupirocin ointment,growth factor（bFGF）,and Vaseline gauze for external use and with basic therapies.Wound-healing time and four-week healing rate were recorded.The wounds were measured by digital photography and ImageJ software.Skin biopsies were obtained from 24 patients before CM treatment and 20 patients after CM treatment.Immunohistochemical tests and semi-quantitative imaging with NIH ImageJ 1.42 software were used to analyze the changes in protein expression ofβ-catenin,c-myc,and K6.Results：Fifty-three patients completed the trial;four patients in the CM treatment group and five patients in the WM group dropped out.Among them,four were dissatisfied with the treatment process,two could not continue because of their jobs,two failed to complete the course of follow-up appointments,and one was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma during treatment.The comparison of ulcer healing rates between the two groups showed insignificant differences（P=0.77）.The ulcer healing rates were 33.33%（9/27） in the CM group and 26.92%（7/26） in the WM group.However,the effective rate was significantly higher in the CM group（81.48%,22/27） than in the WM group（57.69%,15/26,P=0.04）.The mean wound healing time was shorter in the CM group（22.71±5.46 days） than in the WM group（26.56±7.56 days,P=0.04）.CM treatment was well tolerated,and there was no withdrawal due to adverse reactions.Immunohistochemical analysis in the refractory wound indicated higher expressions ofβ-catenin,c-myc and K6 compared with the normal skin.β-catenin was abnormally expressed in the nuclei of the keratinocytes and fibroblasts at the wound margins,and the expressions of c-myc and K6 were highly expressed in the full hyperplastic epidermis,especially in the granular layer（P0.05）.The expressions of these proteins decreased after CM treatment.The expression levels ofβ-catenin,c-myc,and K6 proteins before and after the treatment were 101.88±10.76 vs.140.42±8.45;113.27±16.75 vs.153.79±8.32; 90.39±11.07 vs.151.29±7.39,respectively.Conclusions：CM treatment using Hongyou Ointment and Shengji Powder was efficient in the management of diabetic skin ulcers.The mechanism of action might be related to the inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway.

Study on External Application of Eleutherosides Ointment on Shenque(CV 8)for Resisting Sleep Deprivation

Objective： To investigate the efficacy of external application of Eleutherosides ointment on Shenque （CV 8） for treating sleep deprivation. Methods： Twenty four healthy young male volunteers at the age of 19-22 years old were randomly allocated to 4 groups （normal, model, treatment and control groups）. Sleep was deprived for 48 hours except the normal group. Self-made Eleutherosides compound preparation was applied externally on Shenque （CV 8）, to observe its influence on psychology and blood biochemical indices of cortisol and testosterone of the human body in sleep deprivation. Results： After sleep deprivation for 48 hours, an increment in cortisol concentration was lower in the Eleutherosides group （44.482±96.065 nmol/L） than in the control group （146.809 ±71.075 nmol/L）; an increment in the self-evaluated depression scale was also lower in the Eleutherosides group （2.833 ± 16.746） than in the control group （20.417 ±10.358）. There were significant differences （P〈0.05）. But, there was no significant difference between the treatment group and control group （P〉0.05） in the decrement of testosterone concentration and the increment of the anxiety scale. Conclusion： External application of Eleutherosides preparation on Shenque （CV 8） can regulate the stress reaction level and psychological endurance of the human body and produce an effect to resist sleep deprivation.

Treatment of 70 Cases of Shoulder Periarthritis by Puncturing “Taijian Acupoint” plus External Application of Chinese Medicine

The doctor used gauze with Semen Sinapis （ 白芥了） mastic to scrape emphatically on pro-shoulder, post- shoulder and deltoid muscle. After the skin became red, the shoulder was massaged for 5-10 min. When the patient was asked to abduce the upper arm 30°-45°, Taijian- raising shoulder acupoint was selected. The needle 0.5-1 mm in diameter and 90-100 mm in length was inserted vertically from down to up till touching bone. After backed off slightly, the needle was twisted a little. The patient was asked to raise shoulder when the needle was twisted. The needle was stopped twisting after the arm was raised overhead. Seventy patients with shoulder periarthritis were treated by this method. The result showed that pain disappeared and the function of shoulder recovered to normal in 35 cases, pain alleviated obviously and the function of shoulder improved distinctly in 25 cases, pain alleviated and the function of shoulder improved slightly in 8 cases and pain didn＇t alleviated and the function of shoulder didn＇t improved distinctly in 2 cases.

Collateral bloodletting at ashi point combined with external application of Sānqī powder for 120 cases of old ankle injury

Objective:To study the clinical effect on old ankle injury treated with collateral bloodletting at ashi point combined with the external application of Sānqī(三七Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng)powder.Methods:120 outpatients with old ankle injury were collected from the Department of Disease Prevention of Shenzhen Pingle Orthopaedics and Traumatology Hospital.Ashi points were selected.The threeedged needle or the syringe needle for single use was used to prick the ashi points for 5-10 times till the slight bleeding presented in local area.Afterwards,the cupping was used at the pricked area for 10-15 min to ensure the complete elimination of stagnant blood.Such therapies were given once a week.On the day after the day of bleeding and cuping,Sanqi powder was applied externally,once a day.The pain score(visual analogue scale,VAS)and the clinical effect were observed in the patients.Results:A total of 115 patients accomplished the whole procedure of treatment The pain mean score of VAS was(3.2±0.4)points before treatment and it were(0.28±0.5)points after treatment.Of them,104 cases were cured completely,8 cases effective significantly and 3 cases failed.Conclusion:The combined treatment with bloodletting therapy at ashi point and the external application of Sanqi powder achieves the satisfactory clinical effect on old ankle injury and this therapy deserves to be promoted in clinical practice.

External Application of Chinese Medicine following Tapping Using a Plum-blossom Needle for Allergic Rhinitis

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of external application of Chinese medicine following tapping using a plum-blossom needle for allergic rhinitis. Methods： All 328 cases were randomized into an observation group of 206 cases, Chinese medicine group of 70 cases and point application group of 52 cases. Results： The differences between the observation and Chinese medicine groups （P〈0.01） and between the observation and point application group （P〈0.05） were both of statistical meaning. The cases in the observation obtained the best effect, the point application group obtained a moderate effect and the Chinese medicine group obtained the least effect. A younger age and an increased number of treatments contributed to a better effect. Conclusion： External application of Chinese medicine following tapping using a plum-blossom needle is safe and effective for allergic rhinitis.

External Application of Chinese Medcine Qu Tong Ling（去痛灵）in Trealing 144 Cases of Cancer Pain

One hundred forty-four patients of cancer pain were treated with external application of QuTong Ling, and the effect of pain remission was observed. The total remission rate was 79. 2% with themaintaining time of 6. 42 1 . 24 hours, proving it was superior to butycinnamyl pyrazirum.

Nitrogen spraying affects seed Bt toxin concentration and yield in Bt cotton

Cotton bolls exhibit the lowest insecticidal efficacy among all organs of Bt cotton,which would ultimately affect the yield formation.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different urea concentrations on the seed Bt protein contents,seed cotton yield and the corresponding protein metabolism mechanism.The experiments were conducted during 2017–2018 cotton growing seasons.Two cultivars,Sikang 3(hybrid,SK3)and Sikang 1(conventional,SK1),were treated with six urea concentrations and their seed Bt protein contents were compared during boll formation period.The urea spray concentration had a significant effect on the seed Bt toxin content and seed cotton yield.Spraying of either 5 or 6%urea led to higher insecticidal protein contents and higher seed cotton yield for both cultivars.Moreover,the highest amino acid and soluble protein contents,as well as GPT and GOT activities,and lower protease and peptidase activities were observed at the 5 to 6%urea levels.Significant positive correlations between the seed Bt toxin and amino acid contents,and between the seed Bt toxin content and GPT activities were detected.The lower boll worm number and hazard boll rate were also observed with the 5 to 6%urea treatments,which may be the reason why nitrogen spraying increased the seed cotton yield.Therefore,our results suggested that the seed Bt toxin content and insect resistance were impacted markedly by external nitrogen application,and 5 to 6%urea had the greatest effect on insect resistance.

AI/ML Enabled Automation System for Software Defined Disaggregated Open Radio Access Networks:Transforming Telecommunication Business

Open Air Interface(OAI)alliance recently introduced a new disaggregated Open Radio Access Networks(O-RAN)framework for next generation telecommunications and networks.This disaggregated architecture is open,automated,software defined,virtual,and supports the latest advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence(AI)Machine Learning(AI/ML).This novel intelligent architecture enables programmers to design and customize automated applications according to the business needs and to improve quality of service in fifth generation(5G)and Beyond 5G(B5G).Its disaggregated and multivendor nature gives the opportunity to new startups and small vendors to participate and provide cheap hardware software solutions to keep the market competitive.This paper presents the disaggregated and programmable O-RAN architecture focused on automation,AI/ML services,and applications with Flexible Radio access network Intelligent Controller(FRIC).We schematically demonstrate the reinforcement learning,external applications(xApps),and automation steps to implement this disaggregated O-RAN architecture.The idea of this research paper is to implement an AI/ML enabled automation system for software defined disaggregated O-RAN,which monitors,manages,and performs AI/ML-related services,including the model deployment,optimization,inference,and training.

Effect of externally applied Jidesheng anti-venom on skin and soft-tissue necrosis after Chinese cobra bite: a retrospective study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Jidesheng anti-venom used externally for skin and soft-tissue necrosis from Chinese cobra bite.METHODS: A retrospective review was performed according to the clinical data recorded from January 2002 to December 2012. A total of 126 patients(116 females and 10 males) with skin and soft-tissue necrosis due to Chinese cobra bite were divided into two groups. The control group was treated externally with 40% glyceride magnesium sulfate(n=52), and the treatment group was given Jidesheng anti-venom externally(n=74). The data collected included maximum local necrotic area of skin and soft tissues, de-tumescence time, healing time,and skin-grafting rate.RESULTS: There were no significant differences in gender, age, and disease condition between the control and treatment groups(P>0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in de-tumescence time between the two groups(P>0.05). The maximum local necrotic area of skin and soft tissues was(19.9 ± 7.3) cm2in the treatment group,while it was(23.3±6.4) cm2in the control group.The healing time of the treatment group was shorter than that of the control group [(32.1 ± 3.7) vs(34.4±4.5) days)] The skin-grafting rate in the treatment group was lower than that of the control group(10.81% vs 25.00%). There were statistically significant differences in maximum local necrotic area of skin and soft tissues, healing time, and skin-grafting rate between the control and treatment groups(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: External application of Jidesheng anti-venom may help to promote wound healing and reduce the skin-grafting rate in cases of skin and soft-tissue necrosis due to Chinese cobra bite.

Case of Sluder’s syndrome

A case of Sluder’s syndrome in a female patient,aged 56 years old,suffered from intermittent headache for over 20 years.The therapeutic methods include acupuncture with filiform needle mainly applied to the acupoints on governor vessel,foot-shaoyang meridian and foot-yangrning meridian,the external application of Wuzhuyu(吴茱萸Fructus Evodiae)on Yongquan(涌泉KI1),as well as the pricking and bleeding method with the three-edge needle on Touwei(头维ST8).The alliance of these three therapies co-act on promoting the circulation of shaoyang and yangming meridians and governor vessel and have obtained an satisfactory clinical effect.After treated for 5 weeks,the symptoms all disappeared completely,such as headache,vertigo and discomfort on eyes and they were not recurred in 1-year follow-up.

Rubbing Therapy with Ointment for Patella Strain in 42 Cases

Objective: The clinical effects of rubbing therapy with ointment in treating patella strain were obserbed.Method: Forty-two cases of patella strain were treated by local rubbing with ointment and the changes of the clinical symptoms were observed.Results: After 3 courses of treatment, the total effective rate was 95.2%.Conclusion: It is indicated that rubbing therapy with ointment has good effects in the treatment of patella strain. Key Words Tuina - Massage - External Applications (TCD) - Wounds and Injuries - Patella Sun De-bin, born in 1964, junior consultant doctor, engaged in treating soft tissue injury with TCM therapy.Translator: Xiao Yuan-chun