Birth experience of fathers in the setting of teenage pregnancy:Are they prepared?

AIM To explore the birth experiences of teenage fathers and determine the extent to which they are prepared for childbirth.METHODS A mixed methods observational study was undertaken comparing the birth experience of 50 fathers in the setting of teenage pregnancy(teenage) compared to a group of 50 older fathers. Fathers were recruited in the antenatal period and completed structured questionnaires following the birth of their child. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was undertaken.RESULTS Teenage fathers were younger, less educated and less likely to attend prenatal childbirth education classes(P < 0.0001). During birth, they were less prepared and consulted by attending staff(both P < 0.05). They reported limited roles in intrapartum decision-making(< 20%). In multivariate analysis being a father in the setting of teenage pregnancy remained significantly associated with feeling unprepared for birth. The major themes in qualitative analysis were feeling unprepared,shock, fear, a sense of detachment, happiness, pride, love of the baby and satisfaction with fertility.CONCLUSION Teenage fathers are less prepared for the birth of their child and this results in shock, fear and detachment that may impact on the early father-infant relationship.

Schizophrenia knowledge and attitudes toward help-seeking among Japanese fathers and mothers of high school students

The prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia are nonspecific and include social withdrawal, sleeplessness, decreased desire, and loss of concentration. Schizophrenia outcomes might be improved if greater therapeutic effort was focused on people with prodromal symptoms. To hasten help-seeking for schizophrenia, we developed a schizophrenia education program for families of patients. Help-seeking and schizophrenia attitudes and knowledge were analyzed among Japanese parents (666 fathers and 613 mothers) of high school students by using the Social Distance Scale-Japanese version, the Link Devaluation-Discrimination Measure and our own questions on help-seeking and schizophrenia knowledge. Statistical analysis included cross-tabulation, the χ2 test, and multiple regression analysis. Most (97.5%) fathers were aged 40 - 59 years;most (78.3%) mothers were aged 40 - 49 years. There was a significant difference between fathers and mothers in basic knowledge of schizophrenia (P < 0.001);however, fathers and mothers did not significantly differ in their attitudes toward schizophrenia (P > 0.05). When asked what treatment they would seek for a child with sleeplessness or social withdrawal, fathers and mothers significantly differed in seeking help medical care at a department of psychosomatic medicine (P < 0.05) and in seeking help from the nurse at their child’s school (P < 0.001). Fathers and mothers also differed in relation to the decision not to seek help (P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that basic knowledge significantly differed between fathers and mothers (P = 0.001). In an analysis of parental response to a child with sleepiness and social withdrawal, multiple regression analysis revealed that fathers and mothers significantly differed in the likelihood of seeking help at a department of psychosomatic medicine and from a school nurse and in the likelihood of not seeking help (P < 0.05, P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, help-seeking behavior differed between Japanese fathers and mothers. These findings should assist in developing schizophrenia education programs that aim to hasten intervention.

Knowledge of Fathers’ Support during Labor: From Arabic Fathers’ Perspective

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the kind of labor support Arab fathers could offer their wives. Design and Method: An interpretative phenomenological approach was used to reveal the meaning attributed by Arabic fathers regarding their support during labor. Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 Arabic fathers. The analysis was done by using Smith’s model of interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) together with software package NVivo7. Findings: The analysis of the interviews illustrated the types of labor support offered by Arabic fathers to their wives. Three main themes emerged from the data: physical support, emotional support, and spiritual support. Conclusion: The support offered by Arabic fathers was in the minimal degree and missing practical support. Socio cultural issues and health policies prevented fathers from playing an active role during labor. There is a need to develop policies and regulations that enhance more inclusion of fathers in maternity services including the labor room.

Awareness of Fathers Regarding Newborn Danger Signs: Evidence from a Tertiary Level Hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal

The neonatal period is a critical period of childhood carrying the highest risk of mortality per day than any other period during the childhood. In Nepal, a country where a neonatal mortality rate is high, raising awareness among fathers regarding newborn danger signs is crucial. This research aims to measure the awareness of fathers regarding newborn danger signs. A hospital based cross sectional descriptive study was done in maternity ward and birthing center of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) hospital. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select fathers of neonate. The study was conducted on 103 fathers having newborn baby up to 7 days admitted in Maternity Ward and Birthing Center. Respondents were selected without any discrimination of education, ethnicity, economical status, marital status, religion, etc. The findings of the study showed that out of 103 respondents, most of the respondents had moderate level of awareness (63.1%), 28.2% had low level and minority of the respondents had high level of awareness (8.7%). The researcher concluded that most of the respondents had a moderate level of awareness and minority of the respondents had a high level of awareness on newborn danger signs. The findings show greater need of health education to increase awareness about newborn danger signs among fathers.

Masters as Fathers-The Experiences of Apprenticeship in Late Medieval England

While the basic model of learning masculinity is fathers, how, exactly, a fatherless boy learned masculity？ How and where did the children growing up without traditional family structure learn to be men？ This study examines a specific group of children – young apprentices in medeival England – in order to reconstruct how fatherless sons learned the concept of masculinity. To further the question – did the separation of their natal fathers during their youth made boys less masculine？ By examining the indentures, court records and various administrative records, this study demonstrates that, apprentices went through more masculine relationships than the children grew up with their fathers’ prescence, because masters wielded he supreme power which made them de facto “surrogate fathers”. This study also manisfests that apprenticeship was the extension of fatherhood, because it led apprentices to experience absolute subordination to their masters, reducing them to the position of “full-dependence” in their social communities.

The Land Question and Catholic-Anglican Relations in Buha, Western Tanzania： The White Fathers and C.M.S. Experience, 1934-1959

Land was important--in the course of spreading and seeking new converts--for both Missionaries of Africa （White Fathers） and Church Missionary Society （C.M.S.） in Buha, Western Tanzania. This paper examines the land question as one of the challenges that the White Fathers encountered in their attempt to evangelize communities in Western Tanzania. I argue that the land question remained throughout the late-colonial period one of the unresolved issues, and at some mission stations, impeded the activities of the White Fathers and C.M.S. missionaries. This paper relies on archival documents first, to examine the land question and White Fathers-C.M.S. relations in Buha from 1934 to 1959. Second, I intend to demonstrate the fact that land issues remained at the heart of the missionary enterprise in Buha. Both Catholic and Anglican missionaries were determined to have more mission plots for medical, education and religious purposes.

The First Creation of Mouse Pups from Two Fathers

It is common sense that mammals reproduce sexually, whereby a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell. And at some point later in reproduction, a baby with the genetic mixtures from the both parents pops out. However, this common perception was shattered by a recent study conducted by researchers from the Institute of Zoology (IOZ), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS). Jointly led by Prof. HU Baoyang, CAS Member Prof. ZHOU Qi and Prof.

The Association between Home Literacy Environment and Children Literacy Outcomes: Fathers' involvement

Home Literacy Environment(HLE)is an important factor to influence children’s literacy abilities.The study was to look into previous studies on HLE and to propose the future direction on the relationship between fathers’involvement in HLE and children’s literacy outcomes.

Fathers’Parenting Practices and the Children’s Approaches to Learning From Three Through Five Years;A Case of Mityana District,Uganda

The Approaches to Learning addresses how children learn-this includes children’s attitudes and interests in learning.This domain reflects behaviours and attitudes such as curiosity,problem-solving,maintaining attention and persistence.The research study focused on examining the fathers’parenting practices and the children’s approaches to learning from three through five years.The study used a cross sectional research design and data was generated using focal group discussions,interview guides and child behaviour rating scale on how fathers’parenting practices contribute to children’s approaches to learning.Results revealed that,Fathers’parenting practices and Children’s curiosity were found to have a very positive relationship(r=0.396,p<0.05).Fathers’parenting practices and children’s learning were found to have a significant positive relationship(r=0.420,p<0.05).Findings also indicated that fathers’parenting practices and children’s creativity were found to have an average positive relationship(r=0.379,p<0.05).Arising out of the findings,the study recommended that fathers’parenting programs be put in place to help them up bring the child in holistic manner.

Psychosocial Characteristics of Fathers Who Have Abused Their Children as Seen by Public Health Nurses

This study aims to identify details of the psychosocial characteristics of fathers who have abused children as they appear to public health nurses (PHNs). In this study a qualitative descriptive design was applied to the data analysis. Interviewees were 10 public health nurses (PHNs), in charge of maternal and child health services for 5 or more years at public health centers. The study analyzed 13 cases reported in the PHNs interviews. The characteristics of the fathers who had abused children as seen by the PHNs were the psycho-social characteristics of ‘weak suppression and control of impulsiveness’, ‘cognitive dissonance in the fatherhood role’, ‘poor social sensitivity’, ‘unbalanced relationship with other members of the family’ and ‘weak relationships with people around the father’. The father’s impulsiveness and cognitive dissonances in the fatherhood role are associated with weaknesses in the family relationships and social adaptation. Conversely, the weakness in the strength of family relationships and social adaptation affects the father’s ability to control impulsiveness and give rise to the cognitive dissonance in the fatherhood role. These in turn interact to create a negative downward spiral, a steadily worsening situation. The findings of this study suggest the necessity for PHNs to focus on the background to the cognitive dissonance in the fatherhood role and to work to educate and guide the fathers.

Public health nurse observations of behavioral characteristics of fathers who contribute to the emotional instability of mothers, as presented in cases of infant abuse

The objective of this study is to look at the understanding and perceptions of public health nurses (PHNs) related to behavioral characteristics of fathers that contribute to emotional instability in mothers by reviewing abuse cases involving infants and very young children. A qualitative descriptive design was applied to the data analysis, based on a semi-structured interview administered to three experienced PHNs who had been in charge of maternal and child health services for at least five years at a public health department or health center;with the data obtained in the interview narratives analyzed. In the observations of the experienced PHNs, the behavioral characteristics of fathers who are instigators of child abuse can be classified into five categories, fathers who are: “Talking to others about marital problems without attempting to solve these by themselves”, “Working on learning about childcare seeking to correct childcare methods”, “Taking the initiative in childcare at cross purposes with mothers”, “Stressing the effort they (the fathers) put into childcare”, and “Failing to notice the own family situation and problems”. The findings of the study suggest the necessity for PHNs to understand fathers, to be aware of the difficulty of building a supportive relationship with fathers, and to improve skills enabling the PHNs to help fathers form good relationships with other family members.

Father Absence, Surrogate Fathers and Patricide： The Meaning of Father Absence in pre- and post-97 Hong Kong Films

Under colonial rule, Hong Kong has always been cultivated to be a passive, dependent and marginal object. Switched between Britain and China, Hong Kong has never fully owned an independent regime, orthodoxy, discourse power and so on. If we compare father-son relationships to the process of building one＇s own subjectivity, then, the representation of father absence in Hong Kong films would reflect Hong Kong＇s social and political changes. Through the analysis of 97 films, such as Wong Kar Wei＇s Days of Being Wild, Fruit Chan＇s ＂97 trilogy＂, lnfernalAffairs series, Johnnie To＇s ＂Election series＂, this paper studies the meaning of father absence in pre- and post-97 Hong Kong films, which can be summarized as： Father Absence, Surrogate Fathers and Patricide.

Support Provided by Public Health Nurses for Fathers Who Have Abused Their Children—As Observed in Cases of Child Neglect and Physical or Psychological Abuse

This study aims to identify the support to provide to fathers who have abused children as reported by public health nurses (PHNs). In this study, a qualitative descriptive design was applied to the data analysis. Interviewees were 10 public health nurses (PHNs) in charge of child abuse services for at least 5 years at public health centers. The study analyzed 13 cases reported in the interviews. Measures to support fathers who abuse their children as suggested by PHNs were classified into direct support to the father, support to other family members, and support to be provided by others involved including related organizations. The direct support to the father includes “gaining an in-depth understanding of the abusive situation and psychological states of those involved”, “refraining from involvement in areas where it is difficult to understand the personality of the father”, and others. Support of other family members includes “understanding the marital relationship and assessing the qualities of the relationship”, “refraining from matters that will involve divorce”, and others. Support to be provided by others including related organizations includes “understanding the value of social exchange and assessment of the ability to create and maintain interpersonal relationships”, “establishing support arrangements to enable intervention when necessary”, and others. The interviews report that PHNs arrange support measures that enable intervention as it becomes required, and that this enables learning about child-abuse preventing activities.

The Relationship between Social Support and the Parenting Sense of Competence of Preschoolers’Fathers:The Mediator Role of Psychological Capital

Social support is an essential source of support for preschool children’s fathers to alleviate parenting anxiety,deal with parenting pressure,improve parenting methods,and enhance parenting sense of competence.Psychological capital serves as a critical psychological resource for preschoolers’fathers,helping them cope with parenting stress and enhancing parenting efficacy.To explore the mediating mechanism of psychological capital between social support and the parenting sense of competence of preschoolers’fathers,this study employs stratified sampling to survey 678 fathers from three cities of Henan province in China.The survey instruments mainly consist of the Social Support Rating Scale,Psychological Capital Questionnaire,and Parenting Sense of Competence Scale.Research findings show that social support,psychological capital,and fathers’parenting sense of competence are at the middle level.Significant positive correlations exist among social support,psychological capital,and parenting sense of competence.Social support can positively predict fathers’parenting sense of competence,while psychological capital partially mediates between social support and parenting sense of competence.Therefore,it is possible to increase social support for preschool children’s fathers and improve their psychological capital to relieve their parenting pressure,enhance their parenting participation,and strengthen their parenting sense of competence.

Representation of Family in the Narratives of Smiling Flower(Gol-e Khandān)

The development of a childs personality is profoundly influenced by the environmental stimuli after their formation.Within this context,lullabies and childhood stories assume significant roles in this formative process.The familial environment serves as the primary locus from which individuals acquire their beliefs and personalities.This research investigates the portrayal of family dynamics within the narrative framework of the Persian story Smiling Flower(Gol-e Khandn).In the majority of narratives of this story,featuring the Laughing Flower,a magical agency is bestowed upon an infant girl,thereby shaping her future.The analysis of this narratives themes prioritizes the familial element,particularly the central figures of parents,who play pivotal roles in the cultivation of the childs personality.Examination of parental representation within this narrative elucidates the prominence of the maternal figure,albeit acknowledging the undeniable influence exerted by the fathers demeanor and character on the childs trajectory.

I Have a Big Family

My name is Jim.Look at the photo of my family.These are my grandparents.The old man in brown is my grandfather.He is 78 years old.The old woman in blue is my grandmother.She is 77 years old.This tall man and that woman with short curly hair are my parents.The woman in red is my aunt,my father's sister.

劳伦斯男权主义思想的探究

男权主义Patriarchy,来源于两个希腊词根patēr(πατρ,father意为父亲)和archē(αρχ,rule意为统治),其基本意思是指男子在家庭﹑社会中的支配性特权。在男性的绝对统治下,女性成为次于男性的"第二性",成为服务并听命于男性的附庸。由于历史、文化等原因,男权主义在世界范围内都有着普遍的影响。20世纪英国最伟大的文学作家劳伦斯。

马年“遛”马

按照中国的十二生肖,公元2002年是我国传统的马年。英语单词horse是“马”的意思,但同时,它还有许多引申含义,尤其是在一些成语和谚语中。下面就列举出一些以供参考。

Single men seeking adoption

It was once impossible anywhere in the world for single adults to adopt children, and this is still the case in many jurisdictions. Elsewhere, however, single adults are now being actively recruited primarily because they are more willing than are married couples to adopt older or disabled children or to adopt across racial or other barriers. This is true for single men as well as for singlewomen, but single men seeking to adopt continue to be widely viewed with skepticism and are reportedly often judged to be inappropriate parents. This paper reviews the sparse fostering and adoption literature on single heterosexual males and addresses the evident ambivalence with which parenting by single men is held among both child and adult mental health professionals. The paper also discusses the parenting styles of mothers and fathers, the ways that the central nervous system in both sexes has been found to respond to parenthood, the similarity of outcomes between single male and single female parenting, and the availability in North America of support and training for foster and adoptive single parents. The paper concludes that, in general, single men have as much to offer an adopted child as do single women and that seeming discrimination against them by childcare agencies requires investigation.