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Superior and safer lithium sulfur batteries realized by robust polysulfides-retarding dam with high flame retardance 被引量:1
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作者 Junling Wang Yanfang Cao +5 位作者 Zhirong Wang Yinquan Zhao Chuang He Fudong Zhao Chaoling Han Shui Yu 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期471-486,I0011,共17页
The unparalleled energy density has granted lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)with attractive usages.Unfortunately,LSBs still face some unsurpassed challenges in industrialization,with polysulfides shuttling,dendrite grow... The unparalleled energy density has granted lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)with attractive usages.Unfortunately,LSBs still face some unsurpassed challenges in industrialization,with polysulfides shuttling,dendrite growth and thermal hazard as the major problems triggering the cycling instability and low safety.With the merit of convenience,the method of designing functional separator has been adapted.Concretely,the carbon aerogel confined with CoS_(2)(CoS_(2)-NCA)is constructed and coated on Celgard separator surface,acquiring CoS_(2)-NCA modified separator(CoS_(2)-NCA@C),which holds the promoted electrolyte affinity and flame retardance.As revealed,CoS_(2)-NCA@C cell gives a high discharge capacity 1536.9 mAh/g at 1st cycle,much higher than that of Celgard cell(987.1 mAh/g).Moreover,the thermal runaway triggering time is dramatically prolonged by 777.4 min,corroborating the promoted thermal safety of cell.Noticeably,the higher coulombic efficiency stability and lower overpotential jointly confirm the efficacy of CoS_(2)-NCA@C in suppressing the lithium dendrite growth.Overall,this work can provide useful inspirations for designing functional separator,coping with the vexing issues of LSBs. 展开更多
关键词 Lithium-sulfur batteries Thermal safety flame retardancy SEPARATOR
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Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Flame Retardance of 2-(3-Silatranylpropylamino)-4-phenyl-5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane-2-oxide
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作者 马小平 黄钰天 +3 位作者 郑寅 王东华 王军刚 宋新建 《Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第7期1117-1123,共7页
The title compound, 2-(3-silatranylpropylamino)-4-dichlorophenyl-5,5-dimethyl- 1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane-2-oxide (2(C20H33N2O6Psi)?C2H6O?CH4O, Mr = 991.20), has been synthe- sized by the nucleophilic substituti... The title compound, 2-(3-silatranylpropylamino)-4-dichlorophenyl-5,5-dimethyl- 1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane-2-oxide (2(C20H33N2O6Psi)?C2H6O?CH4O, Mr = 991.20), has been synthe- sized by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2-chloro-4-phenyl-5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxa- phosphorinane-2-oxide with γ-aminopropylsilatrane, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the triclinic system, space group P with a = 10.3783(15), b = 11.2402(17), c = 12.1675(18) ?, ? = 70.653(4), ? = 82.908(4), ? = 85.690(4)?, V = 1328.1(3) ?3, Z = 1, Dc = 1.239 g/cm3, μ = 0.19 mm?1, F(000) = 532, the final R = 0.0640 and wR = 0.2090 for 3615 observed reflections with I 〉 2?(I). The cyclic dioxaphosphorinane ring in the molecule adopts a thermodynamically stable cis conformation, while the silatrane fragment forms a cage-like structure in which there exists an intramolecular Si?N donor-acceptor bond. In the crystal structure, centrosymmetrically related molecules are linked by pairs of N–H???O hydrogen bonds into dimers, generating rings with graph-set motif R22(8). Furthermore, a couple of O(7)–H(10)???O(3) hydrogen bonds were formed by O atom of P=O and H atom from hydroxyl in the solvent ethanol. Thermal property of the compound was also studied by means of thermogravimetry (TGA). The thermal analysis and preliminary fireproofing test show that the title compound has good flame retardance. 展开更多
关键词 1 3 2-dioxaphosphorinane-2-oxide crystal structure epoxy resin flame retardance
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Preparation of Polyurea Elastomer with Flame Retardant, Insulation and Thermal Conductivity Properties
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作者 方今 DONG Yang +3 位作者 LU Shangkai LIU Junbang AI Lianghui 刘平 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期781-789,共9页
By using 6,6-((sulfonylbis(4,1-phenylene)bis(azanediyl))bis(thiophen-2-ylm-ethylene))bis6H-di-benzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide(DOPO-N)as phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant,the polyurea(PUA)with flame retardant p... By using 6,6-((sulfonylbis(4,1-phenylene)bis(azanediyl))bis(thiophen-2-ylm-ethylene))bis6H-di-benzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide(DOPO-N)as phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant,the polyurea(PUA)with flame retardant properties(PUA/DOPO-N)was prepared.In addition,organically modified montmorillonite(OMMT)and magnesium hydroxide(MH)were used as co-effectors respectively,and the flame retardant PUA(PUA/DOPO-N/OMMT and PUA/DOPO-N/MH)were also prepared.Thermal properties,flame retardant properties,flame retardant mechanism and mechanical properties of PUA/DOPO-N,PUA/DOPO-N/OMMT and PUA/DOPO-N/MH were investigated by thermogravimetric(TG)analysis,limiting oxygen index(LOI),UL 94,cone calorimeter test,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and tensile test.The results show that the LOI value of PUA/20%DOPO-N,PUA/18%DOPO-N/2%OMMT and PUA/15%DOPO-N/5%MH are 27.1%,27.7%,and 28.3%,respectively,and UL 94 V-0 rating is attained.Compared with PUA,the peak heat release rate(pk-HRR),total heat release(THR)and average effective heat combustion(av-EHC)of PUA/20%DOPO-N,PUA/18%DOPO-N/2%OMMT and PUA/15%DOPO-N/5%MH decrease significantly.SEM results indicate that the residual chars of PUA/20%DOPO-N,PUA/18%DOPO-N/2%OMMT and PUA/15%DOPO-N/5%MH are completer and more compact.The complex of DOPO-N/OMMT and DOPO-N/MH have synergistic flame retardancy.The mechanical properties of PUA can be improved by the addition of DOPO-N,DOPO-N/OMMT and DOPO-N/MH,respectively.The insulation performance test shows that the volume resistivity of PUA/20%DOPO-N is 6.25×10^(16)Ω.cm.Furthermore,by using modified boron nitride(MBN)as heat dissipating material,the complex of PUA/MBN was prepared,and the thermal conductivity of PUA/MBN was investigated.The thermal conductivity of PUA/8%MBN complex coating at room temperature is 0.166 W/(M·K),which is a 163%improvement over pure PUA. 展开更多
关键词 POLYUREA organic flame retardant inorganic flame retardant synergistic flame retardancy INSULATION thermal conductivity
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Synthesis of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Aluminum Hypophosphite Microspheres Flame Retardant and Its Flame Retardant Research on Thermoplastic Polyurethane
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作者 刘生鹏 XU Zhi +5 位作者 ZHANG Xinyuan WEI Huan XIONG Yun DING Yigang HUANG Wenbo 许莉莉 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期221-233,共13页
Aluminum hypophosphite microspheres(AHP) were synthesized by hydrothermal method using NaH2PO2·H2O and AlCl3·6H2O as raw materials, and then the AHP microspheres were polymerized by surface polymerization of... Aluminum hypophosphite microspheres(AHP) were synthesized by hydrothermal method using NaH2PO2·H2O and AlCl3·6H2O as raw materials, and then the AHP microspheres were polymerized by surface polymerization of micro-nanospheres with cyclic cross-linked poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol)(PZS). A new organic-inorganic poly(phosphonitrile)-modified aluminum hypophosphite microspheres(PZS-AHP) were synthesized by encapsulation and applied to flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU). The microstructure and chemical composition of the PZS-AHP microsphere were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray spectroscopy. The thermal stability of PZS-AHP microsphere was explored with thermogravimetric analysis. Thermogravimetric data indicate that the PZS-AHP microspheres have excellent thermal stability. The thermal and flame-retarding properties of the TPU composites were evaluated by thermogravimetric(TG), limited oxygen index tests(LOI), and cone calorimeter test(CCT). The TPU composite achieved vertical burning(UL-94) V-0 grade and LOI value reached 29.2% when 10 wt% PZS-AHP was incorporated. Compared with those of pure TPU, the peak heat release rate(pHRR) and total heat release(THR) of TPU/10%PZS-AHP decreased by 82.2% and 42.5%, respectively. The results of CCT indicated that PZS-AHP microsphere could improve the flame retardancy of TPU composites. 展开更多
关键词 POLYPHOSPHAZENE thermoplastic polyurethane flame retardancy aluminum hypophosphite surface polymerization
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Sulfolane‑Based Flame‑Retardant Electrolyte for High‑Voltage Sodium‑Ion Batteries
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作者 Xuanlong He Jie Peng +15 位作者 Qingyun Lin Meng Li Weibin Chen Pei Liu Tao Huang Zhencheng Huang Yuying Liu Jiaojiao Deng Shenghua Ye Xuming Yang Xiangzhong Ren Xiaoping Ouyang Jianhong Liu Biwei Xiao Jiangtao Hu Qianling Zhang 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS 2025年第2期498-516,共19页
Sodium-ion batteries hold great promise as next-generation energy storage systems.However,the high instability of the electrode/electrolyte interphase during cycling has seriously hindered the development of SIBs.In p... Sodium-ion batteries hold great promise as next-generation energy storage systems.However,the high instability of the electrode/electrolyte interphase during cycling has seriously hindered the development of SIBs.In particular,an unstable cathode–electrolyte interphase(CEI)leads to successive electrolyte side reactions,transition metal leaching and rapid capacity decay,which tends to be exacerbated under high-voltage conditions.Therefore,constructing dense and stable CEIs are crucial for high-performance SIBs.This work reports localized high-concentration electrolyte by incorporating a highly oxidation-resistant sulfolane solvent with non-solvent diluent 1H,1H,5H-octafluoropentyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether,which exhibited excellent oxidative stability and was able to form thin,dense and homogeneous CEI.The excellent CEI enabled the O3-type layered oxide cathode NaNi_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)O_(2)(NaNMF)to achieve stable cycling,with a capacity retention of 79.48%after 300 cycles at 1 C and 81.15%after 400 cycles at 2 C with a high charging voltage of 4.2 V.In addition,its nonflammable nature enhances the safety of SIBs.This work provides a viable pathway for the application of sulfolane-based electrolytes on SIBs and the design of next-generation high-voltage electrolytes. 展开更多
关键词 Sodium-ion batteries Sulfolane-based electrolyte High voltage Layered oxide cathode flame retardant
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Ten-Minute Synthesis of a New Redox-Active Aqueous Binder for Flame-Retardant Li-S Batteries
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作者 Tianpeng Zhang Borui Li +5 位作者 Zihui Song Wanyuan Jiang Siyang Liu Runyue Mao Xigao Jian Fangyuan Hu 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期48-57,共10页
As a critical role in battery systems,polymer binders have been shown to efficiently suppress the lithium polysulfide shuttling and accommodate volume changes in recent years.However,preparation processes and safety,a... As a critical role in battery systems,polymer binders have been shown to efficiently suppress the lithium polysulfide shuttling and accommodate volume changes in recent years.However,preparation processes and safety,as the key criterions for Li-S batteries'practical applications,still attract less attention.Herein,an aqueous multifunction binder(named PEI-TIC)is prepared via an easy and fast epoxy-amine ring-opening reaction(10 min),which can not only give the sulfur cathode a stable mechanical property,a strong chemical adsorption and catalytic conversion ability,but also a fire safety improvement.The Li-S batteries based on the PEI-TIC binder display a high discharge capacity(1297.8 mAh g^(-1)),superior rate performance(823.0 mAh g^(-1)at 2 C),and an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.035%over more than 800 cycles.Even under 7.1 mg cm^(-2)S-loaded,the PEI-TIC electrode can also achieve a high areal capacity of 7.2 mA h g^(-1)and excellent cycling stability,confirming its application potential.Moreover,it is also noted that TG-FTIR test is performed for the first time to explore the flame-retardant mechanism of polymer binders.This work provides an economically and environmentally friendly binder for the practical application and inspires the exploration of the flame-retardant mechanism of all electrode components. 展开更多
关键词 3D cross-linked network environmentally friendly flame retardant Li-S batteries multifunction binder
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Biobased Furfurylated Poplar Wood for Flame-Retardant Modification with Boric Acid and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate
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作者 Ming Ni Lei Li +4 位作者 Yiqiang Wu Jianzheng Qiao Yan Qing Ping Li Yingfeng Zuo 《Journal of Renewable Materials》 EI CAS 2024年第8期1355-1368,共14页
Furfurylated wood exhibits excellent dimensional stability and corrosion resistance,making it a promising material for constructing buildings,but it is highly flammable.Herein,flame-retardant furfurylated poplar wood ... Furfurylated wood exhibits excellent dimensional stability and corrosion resistance,making it a promising material for constructing buildings,but it is highly flammable.Herein,flame-retardant furfurylated poplar wood was produced via a two-step process utilizing boric acid(BA)and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate(ADP)as flame-retardant components,and biomass-derived furfuryl alcohol(FA)as a modifier.The acidity of BA and ADP allowed them to catalyze the polymerization of FA,which formed a cross-linked network that immobilized BA and ADP inside the wood.The addition of BA/ADP substantially delayed the time to ignition from 10 to 385 s and reduced the total heat release and total smoke release by 58.75%and 77.31%,respectively.Analysis of the pyrolysis process showed that the decomposition products of BA and ADP protected the underlying furfurylated wood and diluted combustible gases.This method significantly improved the fire retardancy and smokeless properties of furfurylated wood,providing promising prospects for its application as an engineering material. 展开更多
关键词 Poplar wood furfuryl alcohol furfurylated wood flame retardancy boric acid ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
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Research Progress in Flame Retardant in Flame Retardant Coatings
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作者 Kailun Xing Siqi Yin 《Expert Review of Chinese Chemical》 2024年第2期27-31,共5页
Flame retardant coatings are functional materials that can serve as decorative and protec-tive substrates in the event of a fire.Flame retardant coatings generally consist of two parts:a base material and a flame reta... Flame retardant coatings are functional materials that can serve as decorative and protec-tive substrates in the event of a fire.Flame retardant coatings generally consist of two parts:a base material and a flame retardant agent.A detailed introduction was given to the development of flame retardant coatings in recent years and the flame retardants used in flame retardant coatings.Flame retardants mainly include halogen flame retar-dants,phosphorus nitrogen flame retardants,expansion flame retardants,biomass flame retardants,and graphene flame retardants.The application of flame retardant coatings in the fields of epoxy resin,polyurethane,etc.was elaborated.In addition,the application of new biomass flame retardants and graphene flame retardants was introduced,and the future development of flame retardant coatings and flame retardants was described. 展开更多
关键词 flame retardant COATINGS APPLICATION
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Thermal Degradation, Flame Retardance and Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites Based on Aluminum Hypophosphite 被引量:11
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作者 Shou-song Xiao Ming-jun Chen +3 位作者 Liang-ping Dong 邓聪 Li Chen 王玉忠 《Chinese Journal of Polymer Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第1期98-107,共10页
Aluminum hypophosphite (AP) was used to prepare flame-retarded thermoplastic polyurethane (FR-TPU) composites, and their flame retardancy, thermal degradation and mechanical properties were investigated by limitin... Aluminum hypophosphite (AP) was used to prepare flame-retarded thermoplastic polyurethane (FR-TPU) composites, and their flame retardancy, thermal degradation and mechanical properties were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimeter (CC) test, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tensile test. TPU containing 30 wt% of AP could reach a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test, and its LOI value was 30.2. TGA tests revealed that AP enhanced the formation of residual chars at high temperatures, and slightly affected the thermal stability of TPU at high temperatures. The combustion tests indicated that AP affected the burning behavior of TPU. The peak of heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and mass loss rate (MLR) greatly reduced due to the incorporation of AP. The tensile test results showed that both the tensile strength and the elongation at break slightly decreased with the addition of AP. The digital photos and SEM micrographs vitrified that AP facilitated the formation of more compact intumescent char layer. Based on these results mentioned above, the flame-retarding mechanism of AP was discussed. Both the self-charring during the decomposing process of AP and its facilitation to the charring of TPU led to the great improvement in the flame retardancy of TPU. 展开更多
关键词 Thermoplastic polyurethane Aluminium hypophosphite flame retardance Thermal degradation Mechanical property.
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Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Batteries Employing Flame-Retardant Fluorinated Electrolytes 被引量:2
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作者 Junxian Hou Li Wang +10 位作者 Xuning Feng Junpei Terada Languang Lu Shigeaki Yamazaki Anyu Su Yoshiko Kuwajima Yongjiang Chen Tomoya Hidaka Xiangming He Hewu Wang Minggao Ouyang 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第1期333-339,共7页
Fluorinated electrolytes possess good antioxidant capacity that provides high compatibility to high-voltage cathode and flame retardance;thus,they are considered as a promising solution for advanced lithium-ion batter... Fluorinated electrolytes possess good antioxidant capacity that provides high compatibility to high-voltage cathode and flame retardance;thus,they are considered as a promising solution for advanced lithium-ion batteries carrying both high-energy density and high safety.Moreover,the fluorinated electrolytes are widely used to form stable electrolyte interphase,due to their chemical reactivity with lithiated graphite or lithium.However,the influence of this reactivity on the thermal safety of batteries is seldom discussed.Herein,we demonstrate that the flame-retardant fluorinated electrolytes help to reduce the flammability,while the lithium-ion batteries with flame-retardant fluorinated electrolytes still undergo thermal runaway and disclose their different thermal runaway pathway from that of battery with conventional electrolyte.The reduction in fluorinated components(e.g.,LiPF 6 and fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC))by fully lithiated graphite accounts for a significant heat release during battery thermal runaway.The 13%of total heat is sufficient to trigger the chain reactions during battery thermal runaway.This study deepens the understanding of the thermal runaway mechanism of lithium-ion batteries employing flame-retardant fluorinated electrolytes,providing guidance on the concept of electrolyte design for safer lithium-ion batteries. 展开更多
关键词 battery safety flame retardance fluorinated electrolytes lithium-ion battery thermal runaway
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Preparation of Polylactide Composite with Excellent Flame Retardance and Improved Mechanical Properties 被引量:5
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作者 Chu-Bo Sun Hong-Da Mao +1 位作者 Feng Chen Qiang Fu 《Chinese Journal of Polymer Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第12期1385-1393,共9页
Despite the good biodegradable and mechanical properties, poly(lactic acid) still suffers from a highly inherent flammability, which restricts its applications in the electric and automobile fields. In order to impr... Despite the good biodegradable and mechanical properties, poly(lactic acid) still suffers from a highly inherent flammability, which restricts its applications in the electric and automobile fields. In order to improve the flame retardancy of PLA, in this work, melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and zinc bisdiethylphosphinate (ZnPi) were firstly incorporated into PLA, and the synergistic effect of them on flame retardance of PLA was investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cone calorimeter tests etc. The results showed that PLA composite with 15 wt% of MPP/ZnPi (3:2) had the best flame-retardant efficiency with LOI value of 30.1 and V0 rating in UL-94 tests, which was far better than using MPP or ZnPi alone. What is more, although a wide range of flame retardants have been developed to reduce the flammability, so far, they normally compromise the mechanical properties of PLA. On the premise of maintaining good fiame-retardant performance, we improved the toughness of flame- retardant PLA composite, and the impact strength of flame-retardant PLA composite was more than tripled (8.08 kJ/m2) by adding thermoplastic urethanes (TPU). This work offers an innovative method for the design of the unique integration of extraordinary flame retardancy and toughening reinforcement for PLA materials. 展开更多
关键词 Synergistic effect flame retardant Poly(lactic acid) Impact strength
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Influence of Layered Aluminoborophosphate on Flame Retardance, Crystallization Behaviors and Mechanical Properties of Polyamide 66 Systems 被引量:2
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作者 LI Xiaoshuang LIU Yuan +4 位作者 GUO Chaofeng LIU Haiyang WANG Gang CAI Qiang YAO Youwei 《Chemical Research in Chinese Universities》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第1期127-133,共7页
A layered aluminoborophosphate(LABP-DDA) was hydrothermally synthesized using dodecylamine as a structure-directing agent, and was added into polyamide 66(PA66) to obtain nanocomposites, PA66/LABP-DDA, via melt in... A layered aluminoborophosphate(LABP-DDA) was hydrothermally synthesized using dodecylamine as a structure-directing agent, and was added into polyamide 66(PA66) to obtain nanocomposites, PA66/LABP-DDA, via melt intercalation method. The characterization results of transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) indicate that LABP-DDA has been successfully exfoliated into nano-layers of PA66 matrix. The unstable γ phase of PA66 was found in the composites with the help of X-ray diffraction(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The heterogeneous nucleation effect of LABP-DDA resulted in an increasement of about 10 ℃ in melting temperature and an increasement of about 7% in crystallinity when compared with those of neat PA66. The introduction of LABP-DDA did not significantly affect the toughness and strength of PA66. The results of flammability test indicate that LABP-DDA possesses positive synergistic flame retarding effect in the presence of melamine polyphosphate(MPP) and the 77%PA66/(23-x)%MPP/x%LABP-DDA(x=1, 2) samples in thickness of 1.6 mm reached from Fail to V-1 rating based on UL94, compared with 77% PA66/23%MPE. 展开更多
关键词 Layered phosphate Polyamide 66 flame retardancy NANOCOMPOSITE
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A novel high-efficient P/N/Si-containing APP-based flame retardant with a silane coupling agent in its molecular structure for epoxy resin 被引量:3
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作者 Qiang Sun Jinlei Wang +2 位作者 Xue Meng Jie Zhang Hong Yan 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第3期137-147,共11页
A flame retardant containing multiple antiflaming elements usually exhibits high-efficient flame retardancy. Here, a novel P/N/Si-containing ammonium polyphosphate derivative(APTES-APP) is synthesized from ammonium po... A flame retardant containing multiple antiflaming elements usually exhibits high-efficient flame retardancy. Here, a novel P/N/Si-containing ammonium polyphosphate derivative(APTES-APP) is synthesized from ammonium polyphosphate(APP) and silane coupling agent(3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane(APTES)via cation exchange, which is quite different in the chemical structure from APTES-modified APP for retaining silicon hydroxyls. APTES-APP is highly efficient for the epoxy resin. 8%(mass) APTES-APP imparts excellent flame retardancy to the epoxy resin, with a V-0 rating at the UL-94 test(1.6 mm)and an LOI value of 26%(vol). The peak heat release rate and total smoke production of the flameretardant epoxy resin are decreased by 68.1% and 31.3%, respectively. The synergy of P/N/Si contributes to the well-expanded char residue with a strong and dense surface layer, which is a very good barrier against heat and mass transfer. Besides, there is no significant deterioration in the mechanical properties of flame-retardant epoxy resin thanks to silicon hydroxyls forming hydrogen bonds with epoxy molecules. Meanwhile, other molecules can be grafted onto APTES-APP via these silicon hydroxyls, if needed.Briefly, this work has developed a new strategy for amino silane as flame retardants. In conjunction with a low-cost and simple preparation method, APTES-APP has a promising prospect in the high-performance flame-retardant epoxy. 展开更多
关键词 Ammonium polyphosphate Silane coupling agent All-in-one system flame retardancy Epoxy resin
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Comparative study on the flame retardancy of CO_(2) and N_(2) during coal adiabatic oxidation process
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作者 Xiyang Fang Bo Tan Haiyan Wang 《International Journal of Coal Science & Technology》 EI CAS CSCD 2023年第4期254-264,共11页
To test the effectiveness of N_(2) and CO_(2) in preventing coal from spontaneously combusting,researchers used an adiabatic oxidation apparatus to conduct an experiment with different temperature starting points.Non-... To test the effectiveness of N_(2) and CO_(2) in preventing coal from spontaneously combusting,researchers used an adiabatic oxidation apparatus to conduct an experiment with different temperature starting points.Non-adsorbed helium(He)was used as a reference gas,and coal and oxygen concentration temperature variations were analyzed after inerting.The results showed that He had the best cooling effect,N_(2) was second,and CO_(2) was the worst.At 70℃and 110℃,the impact of different gases on reducing oxygen concentration and the cooling effect was the same.However,at the starting temperature of 150℃,CO_(2) was less effective in lowering oxygen concentration at the later stage than He and N_(2).N_(2) and CO_(2) can prolong the flame retardation time of inert gas and reduce oxygen displacement with an initial temperature increase.When the starting temperature is the same,N_(2) injection cools coal samples and replaces oxygen more effectively than CO_(2) injection.The flame retardancy of inert gas is the combined result of the cooling effect of inert gas and the replacement of oxygen.These findings are essential for using inert flame retardant technology in the goaf. 展开更多
关键词 Coal spontaneous combustion Adiabatic oxidation Inert gas flame retardant flame retardant efficiency REPLACEMENT
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Pyrolysis Mechanism of a Cyclotriphosphazene-Based Flame-Retardant Epoxy Resin by ReaxFF Molecular Dynamics
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作者 Jiang Shuaijun Meng Weifeng +3 位作者 Wan Yongqing Qin Weihua Liu Xiaoqing Lan Yanhua 《China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第3期136-152,共17页
Cyclotriphosphazene derivatives can effectively improve the flame retardancy and fire safety of epoxy resins(EPs)via their influence on the pyrolysis process.In this work,the effects of hexa(5-methyl-2-pyridinoxyl)cyc... Cyclotriphosphazene derivatives can effectively improve the flame retardancy and fire safety of epoxy resins(EPs)via their influence on the pyrolysis process.In this work,the effects of hexa(5-methyl-2-pyridinoxyl)cyclotriphosphazene(HMPOP)incorporation on the initial pyrolysis of an EP at 500–3500 K were studied using the ReaxFF method.The pyrolysis fragments,initial reaction pathways,and main products were identified for the EP and EP/HMPOP composites.The activation energies were derived by fitting the weight percentage curves for solid species during the pyrolysis reactions and the obtained values were in good agreement with experimental data.The initial EP pyrolysis reactions included four major decomposition modes,which primarily involved the cleavage of C–O and C–N bonds.The main pyrolysis products were H_(2)O,CO,C_(2)H_(4),and CH_(2)O.HMPOP bonded with the oxygen-containing fragments to form larger molecular fragments and reduced the amounts of C_(0)–C_(4) products,especially that of the harmful gas CH_(2)O.Thus,HMPOP promoted the formation of carbon clusters and reduced the generation of combustible gases,ultimately decreasing the capacity for fire propagation. 展开更多
关键词 EPOXY CYCLOTRIPHOSPHAZENE REAXFF PYROLYSIS flame retardancy
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Regulating the Localization of Intumescent Flame Retardant for Improving the Flame Retardancy of Ethylene-vinyl Acetate Copolymer Using Polyamide 6 as a Charring Agent
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作者 高喜平 ZHAO Pan +3 位作者 YAO Dahu 陆昶 YUE Ruiheng SHENG Qi 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第3期701-711,共11页
Polyamide 6 (PA6) was employed as a charring agent of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) to improve the flame retardancy of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). Different processing procedures were used to regulate ... Polyamide 6 (PA6) was employed as a charring agent of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) to improve the flame retardancy of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). Different processing procedures were used to regulate the localization of IFR in the EVA matrix. Localizations in which IFR was dispersed in the PA6phase or in the EVA phase were prepared. The effect of the localization of IFR on the flame retardancy of EVA was investigated. The limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL 94) and cone calorimeter test (CCT)showed that the localization of IFR in the EVA matrix exhibited a remarkable influence on the flame retardancy.Compared with EVA/IFR, a weak improvement in the flame retardancy was observed in the EVA/PA6/IFR blend withthe localization of IFR in the PA6 phase. When IFR was regulated from the PA6 phase to the EVA matrix,a remarkable increase in the flame retardancy was exhibited. The LOI was increased from 27.8%to 32.7%, and the UL 94 vertical rating was increased from V-2 to V-0. Moreover, an approximately 41.36%decrease in the peak heat release rate was exhibited. A continuous and compact intumescent charring layer that formed in the blends with the localization of IFR in the EVA matrix should be responsible for its excellent flame retardancy. 展开更多
关键词 intumescent flame retardant charring agent LOCALIZATION polyamide 6 ethylene vinyl acetate
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Recent progress in flame retardant technology of battery: A review
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作者 Weilin Liu Yan Jiang +1 位作者 Na Wang Wanlu Fu 《Resources Chemicals and Materials》 2023年第1期80-99,共20页
As one of the most popular research directions,the application safety of battery technology has attracted more and more attention,researchers in academia and industry are making efforts to develop safer flame retardan... As one of the most popular research directions,the application safety of battery technology has attracted more and more attention,researchers in academia and industry are making efforts to develop safer flame retardant battery.The battery consists of electrolyte,separator,electrode and shell,the traditional flame retardant method of battery is to modify the components to improve its flame safety.In this review,varied types of battery flame retardant technology are initially described,including the type of flame-retardants,flame retardant behaviors and flame retardant mechanisms.Latest research progress of various battery flame retardant technologies is summarized.Typical flame retardant approaches and important properties of flame retardant battery are reviewed as well.In addition,the current main challenges of the battery flame retardant technology in both academics and the industrial are analyzed carefully.In the end,the perspectives for future development of battery flame retardant technology are briefly discussed. 展开更多
关键词 flame retardancy Lithium battery ELECTROLYTE SEPARATOR
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Synergistic Flame Retardant Effect of Ammonium Polyphosphate and Aluminum Hydroxide on Polyurethane 被引量:3
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作者 ZENG Lijuan YANG Liu +2 位作者 AI Lianghui YE Zhibin LIU Ping 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS 2022年第3期533-539,共7页
The flame-retardant properties of polyurethane(PU)containing ammonium polyphosphate(APP)and aluminum hydroxide(ATH)were investigated.Moreover,the flame retardant performance was investigated through thermogravimetric ... The flame-retardant properties of polyurethane(PU)containing ammonium polyphosphate(APP)and aluminum hydroxide(ATH)were investigated.Moreover,the flame retardant performance was investigated through thermogravimetric analysis,limiting oxygen index(LOI),vertical combustion(UL 94),and cone calorimeter.When 15 wt%APP and 5 wt%ATH were added together,the PU/15%APP/5%ATH sample shows better thermal stability and flame-retardant properties.When 15 wt%APP and 5 wt%ATH were added together,the LOI value of the PU/15%APP/5%ATH sample was 30.5%,and UL 94 V-0 rating was attained.Compared with PU,the peak heat release rate(PHRR),total heat release(THR),and average effective heat combustion(av-EHC)of the PU/15%APP/5%ATH sample decreased by 43.1%,21.0%,and 29.4%,respectively.In addition,the flame-retardant mechanism was investigated through cone calorimeter.The APP/ATH addition simultaneously exerted condensed phase and gas phase flame retardant effects.APP and ATH have synergistic flame retardant properties. 展开更多
关键词 POLYURETHANE ammonium polyphosphate aluminum hydroxide synergistic flame retardance flame retardancy mechanism
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Boron nitride silicone rubber composite foam with low dielectric and high thermal conductivity
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作者 Shuilai Qiu Hang Wu +1 位作者 Fukai Chu Lei Song 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期224-230,共7页
Silicone rubber(SR)is widely used in the field of electronic packaging because of its low dielectric properties.In this work,the porosity of the SR was improved,and the dielectric constant of the SR foam was reduced b... Silicone rubber(SR)is widely used in the field of electronic packaging because of its low dielectric properties.In this work,the porosity of the SR was improved,and the dielectric constant of the SR foam was reduced by adding expanded microspheres(EM).Then,the thermal conductivity of the system was improved by combining the modified boron nitride(f-BN).The results showed that after the f-BN was added,the dielectric constant and dielectric loss were much lower than those of pure SR.Micron-sized modified boron nitride(f-mBN)improved the dielectric and thermal conductivity of the SR foam better than that of nano-sized modified boron nitride(f-nBN),but f-nBN improved the volume resistivity,tensile strength,and thermal stability of the SR better than f-mBN.When the mass ratio of f-mBN and fnBN is 2:1,the thermal conductivity of the SR foam reaches the maximum value of 0.808 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),which is 6.5 times that before the addition.The heat release rate and fire growth index are the lowest,and the improvement in flame retardancy is mainly attributed to the high thermal stability and physical barrier of f-BN. 展开更多
关键词 Foam COMPOSITES Dielectric properties Thermal conductivity Mechanical properties flame retardant
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Novel wood-plastic composite fabricated via modified steel slag:Preparation,mechanical and flammability properties
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作者 Ling Zhao Kai Zhao +4 位作者 Zhenwei Shen Yifan Wang Xiaojie Xia Hao Zhang Hongming Long 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第9期2110-2120,共11页
A novel method was developed to enhance the utilization rate of steel slag(SS).Through treatment of SS with phosphoric acid and aminopropyl triethoxysilane(KH550),we obtained modified SS(MSS),which was used to prepare... A novel method was developed to enhance the utilization rate of steel slag(SS).Through treatment of SS with phosphoric acid and aminopropyl triethoxysilane(KH550),we obtained modified SS(MSS),which was used to prepare MSS/wood-plastic composites(MSS/WPCs)by replacing talcum powder(TP).The composites were fabricated through melting blending and hot pressing.Their mechanical and combustion properties,which comprise heat release,smoke release,and thermal stability,were systematically investigated.MSS can improve the mechanical strength of the composites through grafting reactions between wood powder and thermoplastics.Notably,MSS/WPC#50(16wt%MSS)with an MSS-to-TP mass ratio of 1:1 exhibited optimal comprehensive performance.Compared with those of WPC#0 without MSS,the tensile,flexural,and impact strengths of MSS/WPC#50 were increased by 18.5%,12.8%,and 18.0%,respectively.Moreover,the MSS/WPC#50 sample achieved the highest limited oxygen index of 22.5%,the highest vertical burning rating at the V-1 level,and the lowest horizontal burning rate at 44.2 mm/min.The formation of a dense and stable char layer led to improved thermal stability and a considerable reduction in heat and smoke releases of MSS/WPC#50.However,the partial replacement of TP with MSS slightly compromised the mechanical and flame-retardant properties,possibly due to the weak grafting caused by SS powder agglomeration.These findings suggest the suitability of MSS/WPCs for high-value-added applications as decorative panels indoors or outdoors. 展开更多
关键词 modified steel slag wood–plastic composites preparation method mechanical property flame retardant
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