Digital Simulation of Full Scale Static Test of Aircraft

Full scale aircraft static test is a very important process of aircraft design, it is costly and time consuming. The testing accuracy and validity mainly depend on the rationality of the test scheme design. When the aircraft is being tested, the specimen＇s safety mainly depends on monitoring and understanding the testing data by way of evaluating the coherence with the digital simulation data synchyononsly. The test digital simulation can aid realizing above requirements and improving the test efficiency significantly during test scheme design stage or testing stage respectively. The key technologies and the solving methods of test digital simulation are presented and the application example is given.

Experimental study on full scale light frame wood house under repeated lateral load

In order to obtain a deeper understanding of the behavior of the structure under high wind load,this paper conducted an experimental study on a full-scale L-shaped single story light frame wood house under the uniform lateral load simulated using a gasbag.The investigation involved the performance of light frame wood structure after it experienced the repeated cyclic lateral wind load as well as the performance of the structure under the ultimate lateral load.Then,the study verified that light frame wood structure can resist repeated cyclic wind loads without observable degradation in stiffness during the anticipated serve life,and recommended shear wall percent drift restriction for lateral wind load design of wood structure in serviceability limit states is 1/400 drift,and in ultimate limit states is 1/80 drift.The conclusions of this paper can be benefit for the engineering practice of the light frame wood structures in high wind load regions.

Bench and Full Scale Study of Removal Effect and Mutagenicity on Mesocyclops Leukarti with Chlorine Dioxide

Mesocyclops Leukarti of zooplankton propagates excessively in eutrophic water body and it can not be effectively inactivated by the conventional process in drinking waterworks for its special surface structure. In this paper, a study of removal efficiency on Mesocyclops Leukarti with chlorine dioxide in a drinking waterworks was performed. Bench scale results showed that chlorine dioxide is more effective against Mesocyclops Leukarti. And Mesocyclops Leukarti could be effectively removed from water by 1.0 mg/L chlorine dioxide preoxidation cooperated with the conventional process during the full scale study. The chlorite, by.product of prechiorine dioxide, was constant at 0.45 mg/L after filtration, which was lower than the critical value of the USEPA. GC-MS examination and Ames test showed that the quantity of organics and the mutngenicity in the water treated by chlorine dioxide is obviously less than that of prechlorination.

China's Onshore Oil Industry is in Full Scale Opening to the Outside World

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Traditional Nitrogen Removal Coupled with SND to Meet Advanced WWTP Standards at a Full Scale SBR Wastewater Treatment Facility

A Florida wastewater treatment facility studied how Simultaneous Nitrification Denitrification (SND) coupled with traditional nitrogen removal would be used to meet the state’s current advanced wastewater treatment nutrient criterion. This study examined the effect of these combined processes on the fate and transport of the nitrogen species during the treatment process. The effectiveness of nitrogen removal within the full scale sequential batch reactor system (SBR) and the extent of SND compared to nitrification and denitrification in the nitrogen removal process was also evaluated. Finally, the overall performance of the municipal wastewater treatment facility utilizing these combined processes was evaluated. Overall, this application reduced the total nitrogen to almost 6% of the permitted concentration of 3.0 mg/L. The combination of both processes also resulted in an actual ?concentration 93.7% lower than the acceptable theoretical ?concentration, which also resulted in effluent Total Inorganic Nitrogen nearly 80% lower than the permitted 3.0 mg/L effluent concentration. Further, the process produced a composite Total Nitrogen concentration that was 74% lower than the permitted concentration. This coupling of SND with traditional nitrogen removal resulted in a highly effective process to reduce nitrogen in the municipal wastewater effluent which is also attractive for potential implementation due to the low cost expenditure incurred in its utilization.

3-D Modelling of the Confederation Bridge Using Data of Full Scale Tests

Long-span bridges are special structures that require advanced analysis techniques to examine their performance. This paper presents a procedure developed to model the Confederation Bridge using 3-D beam elements. The model was validated using the data collected before the opening of the bridge to the public. The bridge was instrumented to conduct fullscale static and dynamic tests. The static tests were to measure the deflection of the bridge pier while the dynamic tests to measure the free vibrations of the pier due to a sudden release of the static load. Confederation Bridge is one of the longest reinforced concrete bridges in the world. It connects the province of Prince Edward Island and the province of New Brunswick in Canada. Due to its strategic location and vital role as a transportation link between these two provinces, it was designed using higher safety factors than those for typical highway bridges. After validating the present numerical model, a procedure was developed to evaluate the performance of similar bridges subjected to traffic and seismic loads. It is of interest to note that the foundation stiffness and the modulus of elasticity of the concrete have significant effects on the structural responses of the Confederation Bridge.

Full scale measurement for FPSO on motions in six-degrees of freedom and environmental loads and deduction of mooring system loads

A joint industry project on a full scale measurement of Fenjin FPSO,headed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University and sponsored by CNOOC,was initiated in October 2007 and has been going on for more than 25 months.The purpose of the project is to measure and collect the motions in six-degrees of freedom of an FPSO,and to collect the environmental loads at the offshore oil-field.A motion data measuring system is designed and installed on the FPSO.Another environmental data measuring system is installed on a fixed jacket platform nearby.A large quantity of valuable first-hand data is obtained.With the data collected,motion characteristics of the FPSO in a long-term period are concluded.A short-term analysis for the FPSO in one of the typhoons is also completed.The mean periods of wave-frequency motions are calculated by the spectrum analysis.The tension loads of the mooring system,which is of great concern,are calculated by the decoupled technique.

Partial anammox achieved in full scale biofilm process for typical domestic wastewater treatment

The slow initiation of anammox for treating typical domestic wastewater and the relatively high footprint of wastewater treatment infrastructures are major concerns for practical wastewater treatment systems.Herein,a 300 m^(3)/d hybrid biofilm reactor(HBR)process was developed and operated with a short hydraulic retention time(HRT)of 8 h.The analysis of the bacterial community demonstrated that anammox were enriched in the anoxic zone of the HBR process.The percentage abundance of Candidatus Brocadia in the total bacterial community of the anoxic zone increased from 0 at Day 1 to 0.33%at Day 130 and then to 2.89%at Day 213.Based upon the activity of anammox bacteria,the removal of ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)in the anoxic zone was approximately 15%.This showed that the nitrogen transformation pathway was enhanced in the HBR system through partial anammox process in the anoxic zone.The final effluent contained 12 mg/L chemical oxygen demand(COD),0.662 mg/L NH_(4)^(+)-N,7.2 mg/L total nitrogen(TN),and 6 mg/L SS,indicating the effectiveness of the HBR process for treating real domestic wastewater.

Research on Analytical Method of Fatigue Characteristics of Soft Yoke Mooring System Based on Full-Scale Measurement

By focusing on the vulnerability of the structure of marine equipments, together with considering the randomness of meta-ocean load in statistics, a kind of analytical method of fatigue characteristics of marine structure based on full- scale and actual measurement of prototype is proposed. On the basis of short-term field measurement results of structural response, research is carried out on the fatigue analysis of hinge joints at the upper part of the Soft Yoke single point Mooring System （SYMS） by simultaneously monitoring the environmental load and considering the design criteria of offshore structure. Through analysis of finite element modeling, the time-histories of typical stress response are obtained, and then the assessment of fatigue damage at key hinge joints is conducted. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method can accurately analyze the fatigue damage of offshore engineering structure caused by the effect of wave load. The present analytical method of fatigue characteristics can be extended on other offshore engineering structures subjected to meta-ocean load.

Effects of temperature,pH and O_(2) on the removal of hydrogen sulfide from biogas by external biological desulfurization in a full scale fixed-bed trickling bioreactor(FBTB)

Hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)is a critical component of biogas formed under anaerobic conditions by sulfur and sulfate reducing bacteria from animal manure and renewable energy crops.H_(2)S causes high corrosion in equipment,has a negative environmental impact,inhibits the biogas formation process and is furthermore odorous and toxic.Although several methods for internal and external desulfurization found their way into practice and had been explored at laboratory scale,no data were available on the performance of such methods in full scale practice,especially for an external fixed-bed trickling bioreactor(FBTB).The effects of temperature,pH and air ratio on H_(2)S removal efficiency(RE)were studied.The study was conducted at a research biogas plant with a given output of 96 m^(3) biogas per hour,and an H_(2)S concentration ranging between 500 ppm and 600 ppm(1 ppm=1 cm^(3)/m^(3))on average.The FBTB column has been designed to hold a packing volume of 2.21 m^(3) at a gas retention time of 84 seconds being loaded at an average of 32.88 g H_(2)S/(m^(3)·h).The highest H_(2)S RE of 98% was found at temperatures between 30℃ and 40℃.A major decline in RE to 21%-45%was observed at temperatures from 5℃ to 25℃.The results clearly showed a temperature optimum range for sulfate reducing bacteria.The results reveal that RE is little affected by different pH values and air ratios.During the experimental period,the practical suitability of the FBTB system could be proved while avoiding the disadvantages of internal biological desulfurization methods.

Experimental and analytical study on design performance of full-scale viscoelastic dampers

Viscoelastic（VE） dampers, with their stiffness and energy dissipation capabilities, have been widely used in civil engineering for mitigating wind-induced vibration and seismic responses of structures, thus enhancing the comfort of residents and serviceability of equipment inside. In past relevant research, most analytical models for characterizing the mechanical behavior of VE dampers were verified by comparing their predictions with performance test results from small-scale specimens, which might not adequately or conservatively represent the actual behavior of full-scale dampers, especially with regard to the ambient temperature, temperature rise, and heat convection effects. Thus, in this study, by using a high-performance testing facility with a temperature control system, full-scale VE dampers were dynamically tested with different displacement amplitudes, excitation frequencies, and ambient temperatures. By comparing the analytical predictions with the experimental results, it is demonstrated that adopting the fractional derivative method together with considering the effects of excitation frequencies, ambient temperatures, temperature rises, softening, and hardening, can reproduce the design performance of full-scale VE dampers very well.

In-service Structural Health Monitoring of a Full-scale Composite Horizontal Tail

In-service structural health monitoring（SHM） technologies are critical for the utilization of composite aircraft structures. We developed a Lamb wave-based in-service SHM technology using built-in piezoelectric actuator/sensor networks to monitor delamination extension in a full-scale composite horizontal tail. The in-service SHM technology combine of damage rapid monitoring（DRM） stage and damage imaging diagnosis（DID） stage allows for real-time monitoring and long term tracking of the structural integrity of composite aircraft structures. DRM stage using spearman rank correlation coeffi cient was introduced to generate a damage index which can be used to monitor the trend of damage extension. The DID stage based on canonical correlation analysis aimed at intuitively highlighting structural damage regions in two-dimensional images. The DRM and DID stages were trialed by an in-service SHM experiment of CFRP T-joint. Finally, the detection capability of the in-service SHM technology was verified in the SHM experiment of a full-scale composite horizontal tail. Experimental results show that the rapid monitoring method effectively monitors the damage occurrence and extension tendency in real time; damage imaging diagnosis results are consistent with those from the failure model of the composite horizontal tail structure.

时速120 km地铁快线空气动力学试验研究

为探明设计时速120 km快速地铁列车在多区段桥隧衔接线路运行时的气动效应和气密性能,采用实车试验的方法,在武汉某多区段桥隧衔接地铁快线对某4车编组的新研A型密封性地铁列车开展空气动力学测试。实验测试系统采用LL-250-15A型Kulite压力传感器,通过测量列车外部和内部的瞬态压力变化,分析全线路车外压力波动特性,对比沿列车长度方向不同测点位置的压力变化幅值,并分析不同空调状态下的车内压力舒适性。经过3次实验测试分析,该实验的结果具有可重复性。研究结果表明:全线路运行时,列车在隧道段内加减速导致车外压力变化幅值明显大于高架段,气动效应最恶劣的位置为地下段人防门变截面处,列车上行通过该处时车外任意3 s内压力变化幅值为1 071 Pa,下行通过该处时车外任意3 s内压力变化幅值为905 Pa;相对于下行线全线路,上行线车外任意3 s内压力变化幅值大18.3%;列车正线运营时压力波保护阀会在压力变化剧烈区段进行动作响应,列车上行时,空调开启、压力波保护阀正常启用状态下,车内任意3 s内压力变化幅值相对于压力波保护阀打开未启用时减少了16%,下行时,减少了28%,空调压力波保护阀能够有效降低车外压力波动对车内气压变化的影响。本文研究成果可为快速地铁线路设计、地铁列车运营及地铁气密性优化提供参考依据。

常泰长江大桥组合索塔锚固结构钢-混传剪构造足尺模型试验研究

常泰长江大桥索塔锚固结构采用钢箱-核芯混凝土组合结构,为研究该新型组合索塔锚固结构钢-混传剪构造的受力特性,进行钢-混传剪构造足尺模型试验研究。制作2个锚固结构足尺节段试验模型,通过压剪试验研究锚固结构的荷载~滑移曲线及应力、应变分布等受力特性,并通过有限元模型分析锚固结构的传力机理和各组件的内力分配比例,推导剪力钉剪力计算方法。结果表明:在2.14倍单索最大索力荷载作用下,锚固结构保持弹性状态,钢壁板未产生明显滑移,钢-混界面最大滑移不超过0.25 mm,该锚固结构中钢-混传剪构造至少具有2.14倍的安全系数;荷载作用下,剪力钉剪力从上至下逐渐增大,锚腹板附近底部3排剪力钉剪力较大,钢-混传剪构造至少存在剪力钉和界面摩擦力2种传剪机制,钢-混传剪构造的承载能力显著提高;钢-混传剪构造受力过程分为粘结力传力阶段和局部滑移阶段,剪力钉剪力分布不仅与沿剪切方向长度分布有关,也与荷载的大小线性相关。

基于UNet3+生成对抗网络的视频异常检测

为解决传统视频异常检测方法在不同场景下多尺度特征提取不完全的问题,提出两种方法:一种是用于简单场景的基于UNet3+的生成对抗网络方法(简称U3P^(2)),另一种是用于复杂场景的基于UNet++的生成对抗网络方法(简称UP^(3))。两种方法分别对连续输入的视频帧生成预测,引入多种损失函数和光流模型学习其外观与运动信息,通过计算AUC进行性能评估。U3P^(2)方法以6.3 M参数量在Ped2数据集的AUC提升约0.6%,而UP^(3)方法在Avenue数据集的AUC提升约0.8%,验证其能够有效应对不同场景下的异常检测任务。

全尺寸飞行器地面振动试验数字化协同探索与实践

全尺寸飞行器地面振动试验具有协调界面多、试验系统复杂、实施周期长、试验风险高等特点,面向先进飞行器高效协同研制需求,必须引入数字化手段提升物理试验能力。通过梳理传统模式飞行器地面振动试验流程,剖析数字化协同试验要素,从试验方案与实施流程的数字化、试验对象的数字化、试验系统的数字化等方面出发,探索并初步构建全尺寸飞行器地面振动试验的数字化方案。指出当前数字化协同模式对降低试验风险、提高试验效率具有显著助益,未来需要进一步推进数实融合仿真、应用平台开发,以推动数字化成熟落地。

平钢板-UHPC组合桥面板纵向抗负弯性能试验研究

某大桥次边跨及中跨主梁为钢-UHPC组合梁,钢-UHPC组合梁的桥面板首次采用一种通过PBL剪力键将8 mm平钢板与15 cm的UHPC层连接起来的新型组合桥面体系。为了探究该桥新型钢-UHPC组合桥面板抗负弯矩性能与安全性,完成了2块足尺模型的静力性能试验,进行了桥梁整体受力和桥面板局部受力计算,以及桥面板抗负弯矩极限承载力构成分析。结果表明:UHPC名义开裂强度达8.90 MPa以上,其值远大于实桥荷载作用下UHPC层上缘的纵桥向最大拉应力,组合桥面板负弯矩抗裂性能良好,能满足工程需求;组合桥面板抗负弯承载力的计算,UHPC受拉本构宜采用三折线模型,抗负弯承载力简化计算的UHPC受拉区等效均布应力折减系数可取0.76,抗负弯承载力状态的受压钢板受力仍处于线弹性阶段,抗负弯破坏模式与抗正弯明显不同,为受拉钢筋拉断;PBL剪力键能保证了钢板与UHPC板整体共同受力;组合桥面板在负弯矩作用下的延性良好,裂宽增长缓慢,UHPC的名义极限强度达名义开裂强度的4.1倍以上,到达极限荷载后,组合板承载力没有明显下降。

南方山区民居木结构榫卯节点抗震性能试验研究

为研究截面参数和节点形式对有穿销直榫节点抗震性能的影响,首先,以梁高、梁宽为研究参数,并与有穿销透榫节点作对比,共设计制作了4个足尺节点试件;然后,通过低周往复加载试验,研究不同参数下节点的破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性、强度和刚度退化及耗能能力等性能;最后,推导有穿销直榫节点的弯矩-转角理论公式,并与试验结果进行对比.研究结果表明:试件的主要破坏形态为柱内侧梁榫受拉边缘的顺纹拉裂破坏,伴随有柱内侧梁榫受压边缘的挤压变形和柱外侧梁榫的水平劈裂;节点的弯矩-转角滞回曲线呈捏缩效应明显的反Z形;在试验设计参数范围内,有穿销直榫节点的转动刚度和抗弯承载力随着梁截面高度和宽度的增大而增大,但是强度退化系数和等效黏滞阻尼系数的变化不明显;相比于有穿销透榫节点,有穿销直榫节点的正向抗弯承载力大62%,反向抗弯承载力大26%,且承载力下降更平缓,表明有穿销直榫节点具有更好的抗震性能;有穿销直榫节点理论公式所得结果与试验结果误差在9%内.

钢管输电塔挂线节点足尺模型失效模式与承载力提升分析

针对特高压钢管输电塔挂线位置节点在极端荷载下的安全性,提出了挂线节点双侧挂线板协同受力的构造改进措施,并对比研究两种挂线节点的极限承载力与失效模式。通过足尺挂线节点处的承载力试验与有限元分析,比较挂线节点在单侧板受力、双侧板受力情况下的应力分布与承载能力,分析传力螺母与挂线板之间的合理初始间距。结果表明:双侧受力时两侧挂线板均发生弯曲破坏,受力形式更加合理,节点板应力分布更加均匀,挂线点的屈服承载力可以提升一倍以上,传力螺母与挂线板之间的合理初始间隙为2~4 mm。

Full waveform inversion based on initial model built from envelope inversion

Full waveform inversion is a fitting process based on full seismic wave field simulation data using the full waveform information in seismic records and theoretically it is the ultimate goal of seismic inversion. However,there are many problems to be solved in practical application. Firstly,it is the strong nonlinear problem between the seismic wave field and inversion parameters; secondly,the lack of low-frequency information in seismic records. In this study,the envelope is used as objective function inversion to provide the inversion result for the multi-scale full waveform inversion as the initial model,solving the lack of low-frequency information in seismic records. Taking the envelope of seismic records as the objective function in combination of multi-scale full waveform inversion became a new inversion strategy,which naturally achieved the compensation of shortage of low-frequency information and inversion from low frequency to high frequency,reducing the non-linearity in the inversion process. The comparison of the result of full waveform inversion of the initial model built through envelope inversion with the result of the conventional multi-scale full waveform inversion indicates the effectiveness of envelope inversion for the recovery of low-frequency information in seismic records.