Construction and Quality Analysis of Full-length cDNA Library of Phyllostachys heterocycla Germinating Seeds

[Objective] This study aimed to construct the full-length cDNA library for ger- minating seeds of Phyllostachys heterocycla [Method] Germinating seeds of P. hetero- cycla were used as experimental materials to construct the full-length cDNA library by using Oligo-capping method. [Result] The constructed library has a total capacity of 6.5×10^6 recombinant clones, and a low proportion of clones without inserted frag- ments; the size of inserted fragments ranges between 0.3-5.0 kb, with strict classifi- cation and ideal consistency. Furthermore, the proportion of clones harboring long in- serted fragments （1.0-5.0 kb） is as high as 30%, achieving the standard for high- quality full-length cDNA library. [Conclusion] The full-length cDNA library of germinat- ing seeds of P. heterocycla was successfully constructed, which laid important foun- dation for the functional genomics research of bamboo plants.

Cloning and Sequencing of a Full-Length cDNA Encoding the RuBPCase Small Subunit (RbcS) in Tea (Camellia sinensis)

This study was aimed to isolate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit （RbcS） from tea plant [Camellia sinensis （L.） O. Kuntze]. In the study of transcriptional profiling of gene expression from tea flower bud development stage by cDNA-AFLP （cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism）, we have isolated some transcript-derived fragments （TDFs） occurring in both the young and mature flower bud. One of them showed a high degree of similarity to RbcS. Based on the fragment, the full length of RbcS with 769-bp （EF011075） cDNA was obtained via rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE）. It contained an open reading frame of 176 amino acids consisting of a chloroplast transit peptide with 52 amino acids and a mature protein of 124 amino acids. The amino acids sequence presented a high identity to those of other plant RbcS genes. It also contains three conserved domains and a protein kinase C phosphorylation site, one tyrosine kinase phosphorylation site and two N-myristoylation sites. Analysis by RT-PCR showed that the expression of RbcS in tea from high to low was leaf, young stem, young flower bud and mature flower bud, respectively. The isolation of the tea Rubisco small subunit gene establishes a good foundation for further study on the photosynthesis of tea plant.

Generation and Analysis of Expressed Sequence Tags(ESTs) from Muscle Full-Length cDNA Library of Wujin Pig

Porcine skeletal muscle genes play a major role in determining muscle growth and meat quality. Construction of a full-length cDNA library is an effective way to understand the expression of functional genes in muscle tissues. In addition, novel genes for further research could be identified in the library. In this study, we constructed a full-length cDNA library from porcine muscle tissue. The estimated average size of the cDNA inserts was 1 076 bp, and the cDNA fullness ratio was 86.2%. A total of 1 058 unique sequences with 342 contigs （32.3%） and 716 singleton （67.7%） expressed sequence tags （EST） were obtained by clustering and assembling. Meanwhile, 826 （78.1%） ESTs were categorized as known genes, and 232 （21.9%） ESTs were categorized as unknown genes. 65 novel porcine genes that exhibit no identity in the TIGR gene index of Sus scrofa and 124 full-length sequences with unknown functions were deposited in the dbEST division of GenBank （accession numbers： EU650784-EU650788, GE843306, GH228978-GH229100）. The abundantly expressed genes in porcine muscle tissue were related to muscle fiber development, energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Gene ontology analysis showed that sequences expressed in porcine muscle tissue contained a high percentage of binding activity, catalytic activity, structural molecule activity and motor activity, which involved mainly in metabolic, cellular and developmental process, distributed mainly in intracellular region. The sequence data generated in this study would provide valuable information for identifying porcine genes expressed in muscle tissue and help to advance the study on the structure and function of genes in pigs.

Cloning and Sequencing the Full-length cDNA of Annexin from Strawberry Fruit

采用RACE技术从草莓 (FragariaananassaDuch .)成熟果实中分离克隆了膜联蛋白 (annexin)基因的cDNA 5′_端未知序列 ,并通过测序确定了翻译的起始密码位点、终止密码位点及完整的读码框 ,从而首次获得了草莓果实膜联蛋白基因的cDNA全序列 ,命名为annfaf(annexinofFragariaananassafruit)基因。

Cloning,Identification and Differential Expression Analysis of Full-length cDNA of Carp Interleukin-1β

[Objective] The research aimed to carry out the cloning,identification and differential expression analysis of carp interleukin-1β （IL-1β） cDNA. [Method] By using DD-RTPCR method,the differential expression cDNA fragments were gained. The cDNA library of carp peripheral blood leucocytes which was stimulated by the mitogen was screened,and the full length cDNA of carp IL-1β was cloned. Moreover,the sequence analysis and differential expression analysis were carried out. [Result] The positive clone which had a whole ORF that encoded 276 amino acids was obtained. The cluster analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of carp IL-1β and Japanese carp closely gathered as a branch,and the homoeology of amino acid sequence reached 95%. The clustering order was the carassius,zebra fish,pig,cattle,horse,human and mouse in turn. The differential expression analysis showed that the expression of IL-1β in the leucocytes significantly increased in the prior period （4 h） after the mitogen stimulated. But as the time went by （12 and 24 h）,it didn＇t increase in the same period. The total trend of expression amount presented the peak type. [Conclusion] The research laid the foundation for further studying the expression manner,function characteristic,regulation mechanism of IL-1β in vivo and its action mechanisms in the inflammatory reaction,emergency reaction and immune response.

Construction of a Normalized Full-Length cDNA Library of Sesame Developing Seed by DSN and SMART^(TM)

Sesame （Sesamue indicum L.） is one of the most important oilseed crops with high oil yield. Here, we described a simple and efficient method for constructing a normalized cDNA library from a high oil content cultivar of sesame Zhongzhi 14, during its oil accumulation stages. It combined switching mechanism at 5？end of RNA transcript （SMART） technique and duplex-specific nuclease （DSN） normalization methods. Double-stranded cDNAs were synthesized from mRNAs, processed by normalization and Sfi I restriction endonuclease, and finally the cDNAs were ligated to pDNR-LIB vector. The ligation mixture was transformed into Escherichia coli DH10B by electroporation. The capacity of the library was 1.0？06 clones in this library. Gel electrophoresis results indicated the fragments ranged from 700 to 2 000 bp, with the average size of 1 800 bp. Random picking clones showed that the recombination rate was 100%. The results showed that the cDNA library constructed successfully was a full-length library with high quality, and could be used to screen the genes related to development of oil synthesis.

Cloning of A Full-Length cDNA Encoding 4-Coumarate:CoA Ligase of Amorpha fruticosa by PCR-Based Methods

An Amorpha fruticosa cDNA encoding 4 coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism related to lignin forming, was cloned by degenerating oligo primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) PCR. We designed 5′RACE primers based on 4CLA1 fragment which obtained from degenerate PCR. Inverse PCR and nested PCR enabled cloning of the remainder fragments of the gene included 5′ and 3′ end sequence. The ORF encodes a polypeptide of 540 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence exhibits significant homology with those of other cloned 4CL genes, contain domains typical of predicted 4CL proteins, in particular a postulated AMP binding site, catalytic domain, and conserved Cys residues.

Construction of a Full-Length cDNA Library of Solen grandis Dunker and Identification of Defense- and Immune-Related Genes

The basic genetic characteristics, important functional genes, and entire transcriptome of Solen grandis Dunker were investigated by constructing a full-length cDNA library with the ‘switching mechanism at the 5'-end of the RNA transcript'(SMART) technique. Total RNA was isolated from the immune-relevant tissues, gills and hemocytes, using the Trizol reagent, and cDNA fragments were digested with Sfi I before being ligated to the pBluescript II SK* vector. The cDNA library had a titer of 1048 cfu μL-1 and a storage capacity of 1.05×106 cfu. Approximately 98% of the clones in the library were recombinants, and the fragment lengths of insert cDNA ranged from 0.8 kb to 3.0 kb. A total of 2038 expressed sequence tags were successfully sequenced and clustered into 965 unigenes. BLASTN analysis showed that 240 sequences were highly similar to the known genes(E-value < 1e-5; percent identity >80%), accounting for 25% of the total unigenes. According to the Gene Ontology, these unigenes were related to several biological processes, including cell structure, signal transport, protein synthesis, transcription, energy metabolism, and immunity. Fifteen of the identified sequences were related to defense and immunity. The full-length cDNA sequence of HSC70 was obtained. The cDNA library of S. grandis provided a useful resource for future researches of functional genomics related to stress tolerance, immunity, and other physiological activities.

Construction of a Full-Length cDNA Library of Gossypium hirsutum L. and Identification of Two MADS-Box Genes

A full-length normalized cDNA library for the flower development stages of short-season cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） （CCRI36） was constructed. A total of 3 421 clones were randomly selected for sequencing, with a total of 3 175 effective sequences obtained after removal of empty-carriers and low-quality sequences. Clustering the 3 175 high-quality expressed sequence tags （ESTs） resulted in a set of 2 906 non-redundant sequences comprised of 233 contigs and 2 673 singletons. Comparative analyses indicated that 913 （43.6%） of the unigenes had homologues with function-known genes or functionassumed genes in the National Center for Biotechnology Information. In addition, 763 （36.4%） of the unigenes were functionally classified using Gene Ontology hierarchy. Through EST alignment and the screening method, the full-length cDNA of two MADS-box genes viz., GhMADSll and GhMADS12 were acquired. These genes may play a role in flower development. Phylogenetie analysis indicated that GhMADS11 and GhMADS12 had high homology and close evolutionary relationship with AGL2/SEP-type and PI-type genes, respectively. The expression of both GhMADSll and GhMADS12, genes was high in reproductive organs. In floral organs, GhMADSll expression was high in petals （whor12） and ovules, while GhMADS12 expression was high in petals （whor12） and stamens （whor13）. Results show that the EST strategy based on a normalized cDNA library is an effective method for gene identification. The study provides more insights for future molecular research on the regulation mechanism of cotton flower development.

A NEW METHOD TO CONSTRUCT A FULL-LENGTH cDNA LIBRARY OF HUMAN NORMAL BLADDER TISSUE

Objective Using template switch mechanism at the 5’ end of mRNA technique (SMART) to construct a full length cDNA library of human normal bladder tissue. Methods The novel procedures used the template switching activity of powerscript reverse transcriptase to synthesize and anchor first strand cDNA in one step. Following reverse transcription, 5 cycles of PCR were performed using a modified oligo(dT) primer and an anchor primer to enrich the full length cDNA population with 1.0 g human normal bladder poly(A) + RNA, then double strand cDNA was synthesized. After digestion with sfiI and size fractionation by CHROMA SPIN 400 columns, double strand cDNA was ligated into λ TripIEx 2 vector and was packaged. We determined the titer of the primary library and the percentage of recombinant clones and finally amplified the library. Results The titer of the cDNA library constructed was 2.1×10 6 pfu·mL -1 , and the amplified cDNA library was 6×10 11 pfu·mL -1 , the percentage of recombination clones was 99%. Conclusion Using SMART technique helps us to construct full length cDNA library with high efficiency and high capacity which lays solid foundation for screening target genes of bladder diseases with probes and antibodies.

Cloning a Full-length cDNA Encoding UDP-glucose Pyrophosphorylase from Amorpha fruticosa by PCR-based Methods

A method based on degenerate Oligo primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and random amplification of cDNA end (RACE) PCR for cloning a full length cDNA is described. An Amorpha fruticosa cDNA clone encoding UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP), a key enzyme producing UDP glucose in the synthesis of sucrose and cellulose, is cloned by using this method. We design 5’ RACE primers based on UGPA1 fragment, which obtains from degenerate PCR. Inverse PCR and nested PCR enable cloning of the remainder 5’ and 3’ end fragments of the gene. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibits significant homology with the other UGP genes cloned. This method is more simple and inexpensive than screening cDNA library, and can be easily adapted to clone other genes.

Construction of a Normalized Full-Length cDNA Library of Cephalopod Amphioctopus fangsiao and Development of Microsatellite Markers

Amphioctopus fangsiao is one of the most economically important species and has been considered to be a candidate for aquaculture. In order to facilitate its fine-scale genetic analyses, we constructed a normalized full-length library successfully and developed a set of microsatellite markers in this study. The normalized full-length library had a storage capacity of 6.9×105 independent clones. The recombination efficiency was 95% and the average size of inserted fragments was longer than 1000 bp. A total of 3440 high quality ESTs were obtained, which were assembled into 1803 unigenes. Of these unigenes, 450(25%) were assigned into 33 Gene Ontology terms, 576(31.9%) into 153 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, and 275(15.3%) into 22 Clusters of Orthologous Groups. Seventy-six polymorphic microsatellite markers were identified. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 17, and the observed and expected heterozygosities varied between 0.167 and 0.967 and between 0.326 and 0.944, respectively. Twelve loci were significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction and no linkage disequilibrium was found between different loci. This study provided not only a useful resource for the isolation of the functional genes, but also a set of informative microsatellites for the assessment of population structure and conservation genetics of A. fangsiao.

Infectious foot-and-mouth disease virus derived from a cloned full-length cDNA of OH/CHA/99

The China foot-and-mouth virus (FMDV) iso-late OH/CHA/99 was isolated from swine, which was unable to infect bovine thyroid cells in vitro or to cause typical dis-ease in bovines following intradermal inoculation in the tongue. To enhance antigenicity, replication, maturation and pathogenicity studies of OH/CHA/99, an infectious full- length cDNA clone, designated pBlFMDV, was prepared. The in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the virus derived from pBlFMDV were studied by analyzing antigenicity, plaque morphology and virulence in pigs. The results showed that the virus derived from pBlFMDV had the same biologi-cal properties as the parent strain OH/CHA/99; the full- length infectious cDNA clone, pBlFMDV, will be very useful in studies of the antigenicity, virulence, pathogenesis, matu-ration and replication of FMDV.

Sequencing and rescuing a highly virulent classical swine fever virus: Chinese strain cF114 from a full-length cDNA clone

The complete nucleotide sequence of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strain cF114 (F114 strain propa- gated on PK-15 cells) was cloned by RT-PCR. The analyses of nucleotide and amino acids identity between cF114 and F114, Brescia, Alfort or C strain were 99.41%, 96.80%, 86.03%, 95.70% and 99.28%, 98.54%, 93.33%, 97.41% re- spectively. The cDNA fragments with correct sequence were ligated into a full-length cDNA and inserted into pMC18 plasmid (pMC12297). A full-length infectious viral RNA was synthesized by runoff transcription and transfected to PK15 cells. Viruses were recovered from transfected cells which wese titrated on PK-15 cells by endpoint dilution and indirect immunofluorescence with a CSFV-specific monoclonal antibody. The antigenicity and replication kinetics of the plasmid-derived virus (vM12297) were similar to the parental virus in vitro. The E01 or E2 gene was replaced with the genes from strain C and the pM/CE01 and pM/CE2 with chimeric full-length cDNA of cF114 were generated. The infectious viruses were obtained from pM/CE01 and pM/CE2. Both of the chimeric viruses can infect PK-15, SK- 6 and primary testicle cell of swine. The chimeric viruses can grow to a titer of 8?05 F-PFU/mL. These results are very important for understanding the genes related to the CSFV propagation and pathogenesis.

玉米大斑病菌cDNA文库的构建及转录因子StMR1互作蛋白的筛选

【目的】筛选玉米大斑病菌(Setosphaeria turcica)转录因子的互作蛋白,解析黑色素调控转录因子StMR1调控玉米大斑病菌致病性的分子机制。为解析玉米大斑病菌侵染过程中转录因子的调控网络,阐明病菌的致病机理提供参考。【方法】收集玉米大斑病菌菌丝和孢子不同萌发阶段作为试验材料,采用Gateway方法构建玉米大斑病菌cDNA文库,使用同源重组的方法构建转录因子StMR1的诱饵载体,采用酵母双杂交技术筛选其互作蛋白并进行一对一验证。【结果】构建的玉米大斑病菌文库插入的平均片段长度大于1000 bp,初级文库及次级文库的库容量为1.2×107和1.04×107CFU,重组率为100%,可以用于酵母双杂交筛选。成功构建可以用于筛库的诱饵载体pGBKT7-StMR1,经初筛与复筛得到3个互作蛋白,一对一验证短链脱氢酶、糖基转移酶、富含亮氨酸重复序列蛋白均与转录因子StMR1存在互作。【结论】成功构建了丰富度高且质量好的玉米大斑病菌cDNA文库并筛选到了与转录因子StMR1互作的蛋白。

Cloning the full-length cDNA of a gene responsible for vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in atherogenesis and study of function

To clone the full length cDNA of a gene responsible for vascular smooth muscle cell (v SMC) proliferation in atherogenesis, and study its function Methods Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox LDL) at optimal concentration was used as the stimulant to induce v SMC proliferation in culture medium A cDNA subtractive library of v SMC proliferation specific to ox LDL stimulation was established using subtractive hybridization technique Methods, including blotting, Northern hybridization and gene sequencing, were used to clone new gene fragments By using full length cDNA screening and protein expression techniques, one full length cDNA was cloned and its function was studied Results One full length cDNA was cloned The new gene (Genbank AF 174647) expressed a 44 kDa protein, which might be associated with the activity of ox LDL Conclusion The new gene cloned may be associated with SMC proliferation in atherogenesis

白菜种子cDNA酵母文库的构建及BrTTG1互作蛋白的筛选及分析

【目的】通过构建白菜种子的cDNA文库,筛选WDR 40蛋白TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1(TTG1)的互作蛋白,探究TTG1参与MBW三元复合体调控种皮原花青素形成的分子机制。【方法】以棕籽白菜自交系‘B147’的种子为材料,提取总RNA并建立cDNA文库,通过gateway技术构建诱饵载体pGBKT7-TTG1并进行酵母双杂交筛库。【结果】酵母文库库容为1.2×10^(7)CFU,文库滴度是5.0×10^(7)CFU/mL,插入片段平均长度大于1000 bp,诱饵载体在酵母中无自激活活性。通过构建的诱饵载体pGBKT7-TTG1与构建的cDNA文库杂交,共获得了38个阳性互作蛋白,功能预测显示其中一个蛋白注释为MYB转录因子,注释为MYB73,序列分析结果显示该基因含有R2R3-MYB型抑制子保守基序C1和C2,推测该基因为白菜中参与种皮颜色形成的R2R3-MYB型抑制子,暗示着白菜中可能存在不同MYB转录因子参与的调控网络,影响着原花青素的形成。【结论】本研究构建了白菜种子组织的酵母双杂交cDNA文库,获得了38个TTG1阳性互作蛋白,首次挖掘到了可能影响白菜种皮颜色原花青素形成的R2R3-MYB型抑制子MYB73,为后期探究白菜种皮原花青素的调控网络奠定良好的基础。

矢车菊不同颜色花瓣酵母cDNA文库的构建

【目的】矢车菊花瓣的蓝色呈色和品种间花色变异的分子调控机制尚不明晰。本研究采用Gateway技术构建了矢车菊6个不同花色品种花瓣的酵母cDNA文库,以期进一步通过酵母单杂交或双杂交技术筛选参与调控花瓣呈色的关键互作蛋白。【方法】本研究以白色、粉色、红色、蓝色、紫色和墨色矢车菊花瓣为材料,提取总RNA后分离和纯化mRNA,合成双链cDNA后依次进行BP重组反应和LR重组反应,分别获得初级和次级文库。最后将次级文库质粒转化酵母Y187,获得矢车菊不同颜色花瓣的酵母cDNA文库。【结果】质量鉴定结果显示:初级文库的库容量为1.3×10^(7) CFU,重组率为100%,且插入片段长度均在1000 bp以上;次级文库的库容量为1.6×10^(7) CFU,重组率为100%,且插入片段长度均在1000 bp以上。酵母文库的滴度为3.5×10^(7) CFU/mL,随机挑选的24个单克隆经PCR检测后均扩增出明亮条带,重组率为100%,插入片段长度均大于1000 bp。【结论】本研究构建的矢车菊不同颜色花瓣酵母cDNA文库的质量较高,能满足酵母文库筛选的试验要求,为后续探究矢车菊花瓣的蓝色呈色和品种间花色变异的分子调控机制提供了材料基础。

Cloning, expression and mapping of the full-length cDNA of human CCTβ subunit

Chaperonins assist the proper folding of target proteins without being a part of the substrates. The eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin, CCT-Chaperonin Containing TCP-1 (tailless complex polypeptide-1), is mainly involved in the formation of cytoskeletal proteins and is essential for cell viability. Mammalian CCT is commonly a protein complex composed of 7-9 subunit species. We have isolated a novel full-length cDNA from human testis cDNA library. This cDNA of 1935 bp contains a 1605 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 535 amino acids (aa). The deduced protein of the cDNA is highly homologous to the CCTβ subunit of saccharomyces cerevisiae, schizosaccharomyces pombe, caenorhabditis elegans and mouse, etc. Especially high homology (97%) is found between the deduced protein and mouse CCTβhomology, the protein encoded by the new gene was proposed to be a human CCTβ subunit. Northern hybridization showed that human CCTβ gene is expressed as a transcript of about 2.0 kb in various tissues. Overexpression

Molecular cloning of a full-length cDNA for ECBP21 from Angelica dahurica

ECBP21 is an extracellular calmodulin-binding protein which was first detected and purified from extracellular extracts of suspension-cultured cells of Angelica da-hurica. The purified protein was electroblotted onto PVDF membrane and the amino acid sequences from 1 to 20 were determined. Using degenerate oligonucleotides of the sequence, a full-length cDNA coding for ECBP21 was isolated by a combination of RT-PCR and 5’-RACE cloning. The cDNA contains 947 nucleotides and codes for a precursor protein of 216 amino acids. The N-terminal 1-25 amino acid sequence is a predicted signal peptide and the other 26-216 amino acid sequence is a mature peptide. The 26-45 amino acid sequence shows identity with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of purified ECBP21 from Angelica dahurica. The fragment of encoding the mature protein was cloned into pET-28b(+) and transformed into E. colt BL21(DE3). A protein with relative molecular mass 21 ku was expressed in E. coli. Using a biotinylated-CaM gel overlay technique,