Experimental Studies on Support Systems of High Speed Motors With Flexible Squirrel-cage Support and Squeeze Film Dampers

以100kW级工作转速为45000r／min的高速永磁同步电机为实验样机，对采用鼠笼式弹性支撑和挤油膜阻尼器的滚动轴承支撑系统进行研究。分析了弹性支撑和挤压油膜阻尼器的刚度和阻尼特性，在此基础上分别计算出刚性支撑和弹性阻尼支撑时轴承一转子系统的临界转速和瞬态动力特性。最后在样机上进行对比实验，并对电机机壳振动加速度和弹性支撑笼条微应变信号进行分析。结果表明，弹性阻尼支撑可以使转子以较低的转速通过其刚体模态，同时对转子的振动起到良好的抑制作用。实验样机稳定运行在设计工作转速，其分析和实验结果为高速电机轴系设计和动力学分析提供了参考。

LUBRICATION FILM FORMATION MECHANISM OF SLIPPER PAIRS IN LOW SPEED HIGH TORQUE HYDRAULIC MOTORS

Pressure-flow analytical formulas of lubrication film of slipper pairs on camshaft connecting rod type low speed high torque （LSHT） hydraulic motors are put forward. The bottom surface of slipper pairs is rectangle, and the effect of squeeze flow and pressure differential flow is considered. The dynamic process of lubrication film formation through squeezing is numerically studied by computer simulation. Effects of supply pressure, initial lubrication film thickness, velocity damping coefficient, loading impact and gravity, etc are studied. Advantages of novel slipper pairs with large oil cavity area are pointed out.

MECHANICAL-ELECTRIC COUPLING DYNAMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ULTRA-HIGH SPEED GRINDING MOTORIZED SPINDLE SYSTEM

On the basis of the traditional mechanical model of a grinding wheel rotor and the mechanical-electric coupling model with ideal sinusoidal supply, taking high-frequency converting current of inverter power switches into further consideration, a modified mechanical-electric coupling model is created. The created model consists of an inverter, a motorized spindle, a grinding wheel and grinding loads. Some typical non-stationary processes of the grinding system with two different supplies, including the starting, the speed rising and the break in grinding loads, are compared by making use of the created model. One supply is an ideal sinusoidal voltage source, the other is an inverter. The theoretical analysis of the high-order harmonic is also compared with the experimental result. The material strategy of suppressing high-order harmonic mechanical-electric coupling vibration by optimizing inverter operating parameters is proposed.

Rotor Strength Analysis of High-speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

为了对转子进行有效的冷却，在满足电机电磁性能的前提下，可通过减小保护套的厚度来尽可能增大定转子之间的气隙，因而必须对保护套和永磁体进行强度校核。将转子受力状况简化为平面应变问题，在此基础上推导出了两层过盈配合、三层过盈配合转子的应力场、应变场、位移场的解析公式，并利用有限元方法验证了解析公式的正确性。归纳了高速情况下热套式永磁转子强度设计准则，为转子的优化设计提供了理论依据。以一台额定转速120kr／min、10kW的高速永磁同步电机为例，给出了两种常用过盈配合高速电机转子的强度设计方法。

Analysis for Rotor Losses of High Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

This paper presents an analysis based on analytical method for solid rotor motors for determining the rotor eddy current losses due to the current harmonics of the stator winding. The accuracy of the analytical results is verified by experiments.

Research Progress of Key Technology of High-Speed and High Precision Motorized Spindles

High speed machining and high precision machining are two tendencies of themanufacturing technology worldwide. The motorized spindle is the core component of the machine toolsfor achieving the high speed and high precise machining, which affects the general developmentlevel of the machine tools to a great extent. Progress of the key techniques is reviewed in thispaper, in which the high speed and high precision spindle bearings, the dynamical and thermalcharacteristics of spindles, the design technique of the high frequency motors and the drivers, theanti-electromagnetic damage technique of the motors, and the machining and assembling technique areinvolved. Finally, tha development tendencies of the motorized spindles are presented.

CFD Study of Forced Air Cooling and Windage Losses in a High Speed Electric Motor

High speed and high efficiency synchronized electric motors are favored in the automotive industry and turbo machinery industry worldwide because of the demands placed on efficiency. Herein an electric motor thermal control system using cooling air which enters from the drive end of the motor and exits from the non-drive end of the motor as the rotor experiences dissipates heat is addressed using CFD. Analyses using CFD can help to find the appropriate mass flow rate and windage losses while satisfying temperature requirements on the motor. Here, the air flow through a small annular gap is fed at 620 L/min (0.011 kg/sec) as the rotor spins at 100,000 rpm (10,472 rad/sec) and the rotor dissipates 200 W. The CFD results are compared with experimental results. Based upon the CFD findings, a novel heat transfer correlation suitable for large axial Reynolds number, large Taylor number, small annular gap Taylor-Couette flows subject to axial cross-flow is proposed herein.

Heating and Life Problem of High Power Density Induction Motor

An induction motor with its speed modulated by frequency features wide transfer speed range, high systematie efficiency, simple structure and long life, and it therefore becomes one of the best driving motors used in electrical vehicles. The present research trend of it is high power, high speed, high efficiency and long life. How to meet the above requirements by using the electromagnetic design, structure design and beat design, becomes a matter that needs to be resolved now. In this paper, the characters of the motor in operation are analyzed, all kinds of factors that relate to life are laid out, its heating and loss are discussed and analyzed. The key reasons affecting the motor life are presented, and different characters of a high induction motor are compared with these of a general induction motor. A design idea is described, that is : we should consider how to improve the efficiency and reliability as well as bow to reduce the heating by changing the electromagnet, structure, dissipation and operation of the motor. How to reduce its losses and to improve its dissipation has been presented in the paper.

A HIGH VELOCITY FEED UNIT DRIVEN BY LINEAR MOTOR

In order to realize high speed machining, the special requirements for feed transmission system of the CNC machine tool have to be satisfied. A high velocity feed unit driven by a induction linear motor is developed. The compositions of the high velocity CNC feed unit and main problems in the unit design are discussed.

1.1 MW高速内置式永磁同步电机新型转子拓扑设计与强度优化

大功率高速永磁电机中通常采用绑扎碳纤维护套的方式来降低转子应力,然而护套厚度过大会导致等效气隙增加,电机性能随之降低。针对这一问题,设计了一种具有新型转子拓扑结构的1.1 MW、18 000 r/min的内置式高速永磁同步电机。该结构采用永磁体分段设计,并增设加强筋,分担转子隔磁桥处的应力,使护套厚度得到有效降低。同时,将转子外部隔磁桥处替换为非导磁填充块,阻断漏磁路径,提升永磁体利用率。最后,有限元分析结果表明,相较于初始模型,新型结构电机在等效气隙增大1.5 mm的情况下,输出转矩达到600.44 N·m,增加了16.86 N·m,并且新型转子铁心最大应力降低了496.82 MPa,转子结构的机械强度得到显著提高,可为大功率高速永磁电机转子拓扑设计提供参考。

双层复合护套高速永磁电机转子涡流损耗解析模型

在表贴式高速永磁电机中,双层复合护套可以有效抑制转子涡流损耗。目前,针对双层复合护套转子涡流损耗的研究主要采用有限元法,但该方法存在耗时、对薄护套网格剖分较困难等问题,因此该文基于精确子域法提出了一种考虑定子开槽、涡流反作用的双层复合护套高速永磁电机转子涡流损耗通用解析模型。该模型同时考虑了永磁磁场励磁和电枢磁场励磁,可以计算负载磁场作用下的双层复合护套转子涡流损耗。此外,该模型还可进一步拓展至多层复合护套转子涡流损耗计算。通过该解析模型研究了双层复合护套不同护套厚度配比、不同护套材料对转子涡流损耗的影响。最后,将解析计算结果与有限元及C型铁心实验结果进行对比,验证了该解析模型的有效性。

双层永磁体结构高速永磁电机转子涡流损耗解析模型

对于采用低电导率护套高电导率永磁体的表贴式高速永磁电机,在永磁体和保护套之间增加一层低电导率的永磁体,可有效降低永磁体上的涡流损耗。目前,对于双层永磁体转子结构的电机在使用有限元软件进行转子涡流损耗计算时,因为需要寻求两种永磁体不同厚度配比下的最优方案,所以要进行大量参数化,导致计算时间长、效率低。针对这一问题,该文基于精确子域法,建立了一个考虑定子开槽以及涡流反作用影响的双层永磁体结构转子涡流损耗解析模型,可同时对电枢磁场和负载磁场下双层永磁体结构转子涡流损耗进行求解,并且该模型可扩展至多层永磁体复合结构的转子涡流损耗计算。在此基础上分析了双层永磁体结构下外层永磁体不同厚度和不同材料对转子涡流损耗和内层永磁体消耗量的影响。最后通过有限元仿真和C型铁心实验验证了该解析模型的有效性。

高压煤油恒速液动机转子倾覆现象的理论研究

介绍了高压煤油恒速液动机(简称“液动机”)的转子倾覆现象,分析了机理,并按照发生的原因将倾覆现象分为主动倾覆和被动倾覆。重点研究了主动倾覆,基于对转子柱塞组件的受力分析,提出了倾覆条件的数学表达,引入了无量纲的倾覆安全系数,以定量表达倾覆风险。分析了被动倾覆的原因,并提出了解决被动倾覆的方法。在产品设计中应避免出现主动倾覆和被动倾覆。

基于滑模观测器的高速PMSM无传感器控制

针对基于饱和函数滑模观测器方法存在调节参数多及低通滤波器带来的相位延迟问题,研究一种基于超螺旋算法的滑模观测器无传感器控制策略,通过理论推导及系统稳定性分析,设计了一种滑模系数根据转速变化在线调节的自适应滑模系数算法。通过实验验证了该方法相比于基于饱和函数滑模观测器,能在较宽速度范围内有效地抑制抖振,提高了无传感器控制系统的估计精度,简化了参数调节过程及滤波器设计环节。

基于径向基函数神经网络算法的高频转阀阀芯稳定性

针对伺服电机驱动高频转阀时受液动力矩变化影响造成高频输出精度下降的问题,以液压马达作为动力源,提出一种基于径向基函数神经网络算法的转阀阀芯转速控制策略。首先,搭建高频转阀阀芯转速控制系统的数学模型;其次根据数学模型在MATLAB/Simulink平台搭建仿真模型,对不同算法作用下阀芯转速控制特性进行仿真分析;最后建立高频转阀转速控制系统实验台,对不同算法作用下阀芯转速控制特性进行实验研究和理论验证。结果表明:与常规PID控制方法相比,基于径向基函数神经网络的高频转阀转速控制策略转速控制系统阶跃响应所需调整时间最少为0.16 s,超调量小;三角波与正弦波转速跟踪误差均值下降最大值分别为46.51%、53.69%;6 MPa、10 MPa下,转速稳态误差均值分别下降34.92%、38.26%。径向基函数神经网络算法有效提高了高频转阀阀芯转速控制精度。

高速永磁电机铁耗精确计算两项式模型

基于分段带补偿项的铁耗计算方法,本文提出了一种适用于高速永磁电机铁耗精确计算的两项式数学模型。通过结合高速电机运行特性对频率和磁密区间进行双重划分,在Jordan损耗分离模型的基础上引入涡流及磁滞损耗补偿项考虑磁饱和、局部磁滞回环及涡流趋肤效应等非线性因素对硅钢片单位损耗特性的影响。该模型新增参数均为随频率和磁密变化的分段常函数,通过L-M算法拟合求解,在减小计算量的同时明确反映铁磁材料非线性对铁耗计算的影响,实现铁耗精确计算。最后,以某高速电机用硅钢片35SWH1900为例,对比了本文所提模型与Jordan损耗分离模型在单位损耗上的计算误差,实验结果表明所提模型计算误差基本在15%以内,能够有效提升高速永磁电机铁耗的计算精度。

基于代理模型的双气隙混合转子低速大转矩同步电机优化设计

为解决常规低速大转矩电机普遍存在体转矩密度低、永磁体用量多等问题,提出了一种双气隙混合转子低速大转矩同步电机拓扑结构。然而,该种电机结构相对复杂、设计参数多、优化难度大,对此提出了一种基于代理模型的双气隙混合转子低速大转矩同步电机高效优化设计方法。首先,以提高输出转矩与降低转矩脉动为优化目标,对电机的参数进行敏感性分析,实现了在保证代理模型精确度的基础上精简优化变量。然后,为提高该种电机多目标优化设计的精确度和效率,同时缩短优化周期,提出了一种序贯子空间与模式搜索算法相结合的优化算法对电机进行优化处理。最后通过有限元仿真与实验方法验证了所构建代理模型的精确性、合理性和优化方法的有效性、先进性。

基于信息图-MCKD的高速列车牵引电机轴承故障诊断算法研究

高速列车牵引电机轴承故障特征微弱且干扰噪声强,为解决电机轴承故障特征难以提取的问题,文章提出了一种基于谱负熵信息图与最大相关峭度解卷积(MCKD)的电机轴承故障诊断方法。首先,对故障轴承振动信号进行基于谱负熵的信息图处理,确定最佳中心频带和带宽,从而对轴承振动信号进行带通滤波;然后,对滤波后的信号采用MCKD方法进行故障特征增强;最后,对故障特征增强后的信号进行包络分析,识别出电机轴承的故障特征。经仿真信号和台架试验数据验证,结果表明,信息图-MCKD方法对牵引电机轴承故障诊断具有良好效果。

水下推进电机的自适应降阶热模型

为了提升水下推进电机的综合性能,提出自适应降阶模型来分析电机的动态多模态热场域性能特性,解决现有算法在处理高维复杂问题时资源耗费大和易陷入局部最优的问题。在时域中模型采用“无方程”的非侵入式动态模态分解方法,从时间序列数据中提取主要动态模态,实现系统数据的降维和模态分解,精确描述系统行为和预测未来状态;在空间域中,结合基于改善期望的自适应策略和径向基函数进行参数化近似和降阶。通过评估设计空间中各候选点的预测不可信度,迭代提升模型质量,平衡空间全局探索与局部探究间的关系。多步骤协作建模框架能够从有限的大规模模拟数据集中进行精确的场域解预测。通过实验系统验证了模型在常规和异常状态下温度变化规律的有效性和可靠性,结果表现出高准确性和稳定性。

兆瓦级高速永磁电机新型转子冷却结构研究

兆瓦级高速永磁电机转子侧无强迫冷却措施时转子侧温升高、永磁体失磁风险高,基于此问题,提出一种新型的加强筋转子轴向通风结构,该结构能够提高转子侧的壁面对流散热系数、提升转子侧的散热能力、降低电机温度。以一台1 MW、18000 r/min的高速永磁电机为例,建立该电机的三维全域流固耦合求解模型,基于计算流体力学和有限元法对电机流体场与温度场进行分析,揭示电机在额定工况下的流体与温度分布规律。将新冷却结构与传统冷却结构的散热性能及温升变化进行对比,验证新型冷却结构在提升电机散热性能方面的有效性。最后,分析入口风速对电机最高温度的影响,得到适合该冷却结构的入口风速范围,为外部风压设备的选择提供理论支撑。