Application of High-speed Solenoid Valve to the Semi-active Control of Landing Gear

To select or develop an appropriate actuator is one of the key and difficult issues in the study of semi-active controlled landing gear. Performance of the actuator may directly affect the effectiveness of semi-active control. In this article, parallel high-speed solenoid valves are chosen to be the actuators for the semi-active controlled landing gear and being studied. A nonlinear high-speed solenoid valve model is developed with the consideration of magnetic saturation characteristics and verified by test. According to the design rule of keeping the peak load as small as possible while absorbing the specified shock energy, a fuzzy PD control rule is designed. By the rule controller parameters can be self-regulated. The simulation results indicate that the semi-active control based on high-speed solenoid valve can effectively improve the control performance and reduce impact load during landing.

The Impact of Temperature on the Electromagnet and Structural Optimization of a Solenoid Valve

The mathematical model of the solenoid valve under varying temperatures is constructed to investigate its performance and enhance heat dissipation balance.The relationship between temperature and electromagnetic force is determined.Electrothermal coupling simulation using COMSOL is conducted,optimizing the outer diameter and length structure parameters of the coil.It is established that the heat dissipation of the coil is influenced by its outer diameter.Subsequently,based on optimized coil structure parameters,an orthogonal experimental design method combined with Ansys Maxwell is employed for simulation solution analysis to study the impact of structural parameters such as length,position,front and rear angles of the magnetic barrier ring in the iron core,armature length,and through-hole size on electromagnetic force.Optimal structural parameters are identified.Results indicate a decrease in steady-state electromagnet temperature by 3-4℃,an increase in the initial electromagnetic force by 32.63%,and a rise in the maximum electromagnetic force by 27.10%.

Development of an ε-type actuator for enhancing high-speed electro-pneumatic ejector valve performance

A novel ε-type solenoid actuator is proposed to improve the dynamic response of electro-pneumatic ejector valves by reducing moving mass weight. A finite element analysis (FEA) model has been developed to describe the static and dynamic operations of the valves. Compared with a conventional E-type actuator, the proposed ε-type actuator reduced the moving mass weight by almost 65% without significant loss of solenoid force, and reduced the response time (RT) typically by 20%. Prototype valves were designed and fabricated based on the proposed ε-type actuator model. An experimental setup was also established to investigate the dynamic characteristics of valves. The experimental results of the dynamics of valves agreed well with simulations, indicating the validity of the FEA model.

Development of High-Speed On-Of Valves and Their Applications

With the widespread application of the computer and microelectronic technology in the industry,digitization becomes the inevitable developing trend of the hydraulic technology.Digitization of the hydraulic components is critical in the digital hydraulic technology.High-speed on-of valves(HSVs)which convert a train of input pulses into the fast and accurate switching between the on and of states belong to widely used basic digital hydraulic elements.In some ways,the characteristics of the HSVs determine the performance of the digital hydraulic systems.This paper discusses the development of HSVs and their applications.First,the HSVs with innovative structures which is classifed into direct drive valves and pilot operated valves are discussed,with the emphasis on their performance.Then,an overview of HSVs with intelligent materials is presented with considering of the switching frequency and fow capacity.Finally,the applications of the HSVs are reviewed,including digital hydraulic components with the integration of the HSVs and digital hydraulic systems controlled by the HSVs.

TEST METHOD OF HIGH-SPEED ON-OFF VALVE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS

According to the valve port features of high speed on-off valve and its actions, the valve port can be simplified into an a-type half bridge construction. A method that tests the dynamic characteristics of the high speed on-off valve by the output pressure signal of the a-type half bridge is proposed. Having analyzed the factors related to the dynamic characteristics of an a-type half bridge, a rule for designing the outlet chamber＇s volume is worked out. According to the rule, a test stand is built to test the self-developed high-speed on-off valve. From the test results, it can be seen that with the outlet chamber＇s volume controlled by the rule the rise time of the pressure signals driven by signals with different frequencies changes very little. The test results conform to the simulation results, which nroves the correctness of the method.

Dynamic Performance of High Speed Solenoid Valve with Parallel Coils

The methods of improving the dynamic performance of high speed on/off solenoid valve include increasing the magnetic force of armature and the slew rate of coil current, decreasing the mass and stroke of moving parts. The increase of magnetic force usually leads to the decrease of current slew rate, which could increase the delay time of the dynamic response of solenoid valve. Using a high voltage to drive coil can solve this contradiction, but a high driving voltage can also lead to more cost and a decrease of safety and reliability. In this paper, a new scheme of parallel coils is investigated, in which the single coil of solenoid is replaced by parallel coils with same ampere turns. Based on the mathematic model of high speed solenoid valve, the theoretical formula for the delay time of solenoid valve is deduced. Both the theoretical analysis and the dynamic simulation show that the effect of dividing a single coil into N parallel sub-coils is close to that of driving the single coil with N times of the original driving voltage as far as the delay time of solenoid valve is concerned. A specific test bench is designed to measure the dynamic performance of high speed on/off solenoid valve. The experimental results also prove that both the delay time and switching time of the solenoid valves can be decreased greatly by adopting the parallel coil scheme. This research presents a simple and practical method to improve the dynamic performance of high speed on/off solenoid valve.

OPTIMAL CONTROL OF AN ACTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEMEMPLOYING HIGH SPEED ON/OFF SOLENOID VALVE

Previous studies have confirmed that an active suspension system with high speed ON/OFF solenoid valves could provide the same vibration isolation efficiency as that of system with pressure proportional valve. In this study, by using Linear-quadratic optimization technique and Kalman filter method, an optimal regulator controller with a state observer was designed for the proposed system. Simulation and experimental research was conducted on a quarter car model. The simulation analysis of the system frequency characteristic suggested that the peak value of magnitude response curve in the case of system with an optimal controller would be lowered significantly, and the experiment results also showed that an improvement in the vibration isolation effect was obtained in using the designed optimal controller over the sky hook damper controller.

Multi-domain modeling and simulation of proportional solenoid valve

A multi-domain nonlinear dynamic model of a proportional solenoid valve was presented.The electro-magnetic,mechanical and fluid subsystems of the valve were investigated,including their interactions.Governing equations of the valve were derived in the form of nonlinear state equations.By comparing the simulated and measured data,the simulation model is validated with a deviation less than 15%,which can be used for the structural design and control algorithm optimization of proportional solenoid valves.

Optimal Control of Hydraulic Position System Employing High Speed On/Off Solenoid Valve

A hydraulic position system was designed employing two high speed On/Off solenoid valves with PWM(Pulse width modulation) technique and using LQ(Linear Quadratic) optimization principle. Based on the system, the parts of system can be formulated with equations. According to equations, the mathematical model of the system was established. By simulation, the corresponding LQ optimal controller was designed and the PWM signals were generated. The comparison of the simulation and experiment results show that LQ optimal control method with PWM technique employing high speed On/Off solenoid valve can provide better system performance and a high position precision is obtained.

Development of a Novel Parallel-spool Pilot Operated High-pressure Solenoid Valve with High Flow Rate and High Speed

High-pressure solenoid valve with high flow rate and high speed is a key component in an underwater driving system.However,traditional single spool pilot operated valve cannot meet the demands of both high flow rate and high speed simultaneously.A new structure for a high pressure solenoid valve is needed to meet the demand of the underwater driving system.A novel parallel-spool pilot operated high-pressure solenoid valve is proposed to overcome the drawback of the current single spool design.Mathematical models of the opening process and flow rate of the valve are established.Opening response time of the valve is subdivided into 4 parts to analyze the properties of the opening response.Corresponding formulas to solve 4 parts of the response time are derived.Key factors that influence the opening response time are analyzed.According to the mathematical model of the valve,a simulation of the opening process is carried out by MATLAB.Parameters are chosen based on theoretical analysis to design the test prototype of the new type of valve.Opening response time of the designed valve is tested by verifying response of the current in the coil and displacement of the main valve spool.The experimental results are in agreement with the simulated results,therefore the validity of the theoretical analysis is verified.Experimental opening response time of the valve is 48.3 ms at working pressure of 10 MPa.The flow capacity test shows that the largest effective area is 126 mm2 and the largest air flow rate is 2320 L/s.According to the result of the load driving test,the valve can meet the demands of the driving system.The proposed valve with parallel spools provides a new method for the design of a high-pressure valve with fast response and large flow rate.

Influence of eddy current on transient characteristics of common rail injector solenoid valve

Influence of eddy current on transient characteristics of common rail injector solenoid valve was studied in this paper. Experimental investigations of drive current and power source volt- age of both drive current ascending and descending process were conducted on a common rail injec- tor solenoid valve. A new discretizing calculation method of solenoid valve flux linkage was put for- ward for the first time based on the experimental results and drive circuit principle, and flux linkage of both drive current ascending and descending process were evaluated. New inductance calculation methods for drive current ascending and descending process respectively were also presented. Influ- ence of parasitic inductance was evaluated. Results indicate that the air gap, under which the transi- ent flux linkage of the solenoid valve is the biggest, varies with drive current due to eddy current. Flux linkage of drive current descending process is bigger than that of drive current ascending process under the same drive current and the same air gap width. Eddy current can reduce the delay between the time that drive current begins to descend and the time that armature begins to move downward. Inductance of drive current descending process is bigger than that of drive current as- cending process over larger scope of drive current, but the difference becomes smaller with the in- creasing of air gap width. The differences of both flux linkage and inductance between drive current ascending and descending process are caused by the eddy current in core and armature materials.

INVESTIGATION ON THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE PERFORMANCE OF A NOVEL THREE-WAY SOLENOID VALVE

Objective A novel high-speed three-way solenoid valve is developed, which is used for the common-rail injection system equipped on DME powered engine. In order to improve the dynamic response performance of the three-way solenoid. Methods Experimental studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of spool stroke, drive voltage, negative demagnetizing pulse and two drive schemes on the dynamic response performance of the three-way solenoid valve. Results The results show that the dynamic response performance of the three-way solenoid valve can be remarkably improved by shortening the spool stroke and increasing the drive voltage. Simultaneously, the difference between the response time of closing valve and that of opening valve decreases. At each different drive voltage, there exists an optimal negative demagnetizing pulse corresponding to the same positive exciting pulse. At this optimal pulse, the dynamic response performance of the three-way solenoid valve is the best. In addition, the high drive voltage can lead to the smaller optimal negative demagnetizing pulse. It is also indicated from the experiments that the dynamic response performance of the three-way solenoid valve is better when the NO.1 drive scheme is adopted. The lower drive voltage results in the larger difference between the dynamic response performances for the two drive schemes. Conclusion The dynamic response performance of a novel three-way solenoid valve is good.

Simulation research on dynamic performance of the new type high-pressure solenoid valve

To improve energy density,the transportation,storage,and operations of hydrogen,methane,and compressed air vehicles currently require high-pressure compression.High-pressure solenoid valve becomes the vital element to above system.In order to reduce leakage and aerodynamic force influence,a new type high-pressure solenoid valve was proposed.The simulation model which included electromagnetic model,aerodynamic force model was established by means of the nonlinear mathematic models.Using the software MATLAB/Simulink for simulation,the dynamic response characteristics of high-pressure pneumatic solenoid valve were obtained under different pulse width modulation(PWM)input control signals.Results show that,first of all,the new type of high-pressure solenoid valve can meet the switch requirement.Secondly,the opening movement and closing movement of the spool lags the PWM rising signal,and the coil current fluctuates significantly during the movement of the spool.Lastly,on/off status of high-pressure valve cannot be represented by the duty cycle.This research can be referred in the design of the high-pressure solenoid valve..

MAGNETIC FIELD ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE TAKING HYSTERESIS INTO ACCOUNT

Predicting and optimizing of the high-speed solenoid on/off valve behaviorrequires an accurate model of the hysteresis loop of the magnetic material used A ferromagnetichysteresis model and a novel algorithm based on fixed-point technique to optimize theelectromagnetic model are introduced By utilizing a modified vector Preisach model of magnetichysteresis and the global genetic optimization algorithm based on partial mapping cross method, theB-H relation loops are identified accurately.

The Characteristic Analysis of the Electromagnetic Valve in Opening and Closing Process for the Gas Injection System

In this paper, the mathematical model of solenoid valve in the fuel injection system of gas engine is built. Simulation software Matlab/Simulink are employed to analyze the impact which the voltage, number of the coil turns and air gap width may produce to the open and close characteristics of the solenoid valve. The ideal response characteristics are got through the calculation. An optimal scheme which satisfies the operation requirements is put forward. The driving voltage and maintaining voltage are set as 90 V and 21 V;number of the coil turns is 30 N;air gap is determined as 0.6 mm;the opening and closing time are respectively 0.98 ms and 0.8 ms. This paper can be used as a reference for the design of the solenoid valve.

基于Fluent的矿用电磁先导阀内部流场的仿真与分析

在使用中,电磁先导阀存在一些如能耗、渗漏和气蚀等问题,导致关键零部件的耐久性和可靠性不足。利用计算流体力学仿真技术对某新型电磁先导阀在高压高速工况时容易出现的冲击、能耗和气蚀现象,在不同压差条件下完成了流场仿真,展示了流体在模拟区域内的压力分布情况、流体在不同位置的速度分布情况、湍流在流体中的分布情况以及流体中气相的体积分数分布情况,对比不同条件下的云图,发现提高出口压力对先导阀结构存在的问题有一定的改善作用。

正负脉冲电压驱动的电磁螺纹插装阀动态特性分析

提出了一种基于PWM技术的正负脉冲电压控制策略,用于提高锥阀式电磁螺纹插装阀启闭动态响应速度,使其满足数字液压技术的要求。在分析电磁螺纹插装阀结构和工作原理基础上,建立了电磁螺纹插装阀的数学模型,并在AMESim软件中搭建电磁螺纹插装阀及其测试系统的多物理场耦合建模,研究不同正负脉冲电压持续时间条件下电磁螺纹插装阀线圈电流、阀芯位移、电磁力的变化规律,确定了电磁螺纹插装阀响应速度最快时正负脉冲电压控制策略的最优控制参数。利用半实物仿真系统搭建SCV硬件在环测试实验台,对所提正负脉冲控制策略进行验证。实验表明,与常规电压控制策略相比,当正负脉冲电压控制策略中正负脉冲电压持续时间都为10 ms时,电磁螺纹插装阀的开启时间由30 ms缩短到13.5 ms,其关闭时间由139 ms缩短到14 ms。研究结果为电磁螺纹插装阀的高响应化和数字液压技术的发展提供参考。

两种直动式高速电磁阀数值模拟与动态响应对比分析

针对直动式高速电磁阀动铁芯与阀芯加工、装配工艺要求高,一致性较差的问题,提出了一种动铁芯与阀芯可分离的结构,基于AMESim平台建立此款电磁阀电–磁–机–气多物理场耦合模型,考虑了动铁芯与阀芯撞击与分离的情况,并在试验台上进行了验证。然后与另一种动铁芯与阀芯“绑定”的结构形式进行比较分析。结果表明:两种电磁阀在动态响应与影响动态响应的关键参数存在差别。在同等条件下,第一种结构形式的电磁阀动态响应整体略差,但是其对动铁芯–阀芯加工、装配工艺的要求较低。

Solenoid Actuator Design for Improvement of Response Speed

The main design factors which effect on operating speed of solenoid actuator for valve operation are mass of plunger, electromagnetic motive force, inductance and return spring, and these factors are not independent but related with each other in view point of design and electromagnetic theory. It is impossible to increase the operating speed by only change the value of any one design factor. The change of any one value results in change of any value related it in various design factors. Permanent magnets are as assistant materials which make higher flux density in air gap. Electromagnetic motive force in controlled only by current. This paper presents a speed increasing design method of solenoid actuator using a solenoid, by some governing equations which are composed of electromagnetic theory and empirical knowledge, and proved the propriety by experiments.

高速电磁阀能量分布和动态响应耦合关系仿真

为研究高速电磁阀内部的能量分布及能量参数与动态响应之间的耦合关系,对高速电磁阀性能进行优化.首先,基于有限元法建立高速电磁阀动态模型,并通过实验数据验证模型的准确性;其次,利用D最优实验设计方法和最小二乘法,构建以能量参数为因素的电磁阀动态响应特性响应面预测模型;最后,使用元效应分析法开展了高速电磁阀动态响应显著能量参数及参数交互作用的仿真分析.研究结果表明:单参数中涡流能量E_(1)是影响高速电磁阀开启响应时间T_(o)的较敏感参数,T_(o)随着E_(1)的增加相应地增加了约25%,涡流能量分别与阻尼能量(E_(3))和焦耳能量(E_(4))之间的交互是影响T_(o)的高敏感参数,同时涡流能量与焦耳能量之间的交互也是影响关闭响应时间T_(c)的高敏感参数;交互参数中起主导作用的因素会随取值范围而改变.