Chinese culture, which has been regarded as a collectivistic one by such great heads as G. Hofstede and Triands for a long time, seldom receives challenge on its very nature. The authors, however, found at least three...Chinese culture, which has been regarded as a collectivistic one by such great heads as G. Hofstede and Triands for a long time, seldom receives challenge on its very nature. The authors, however, found at least three critical mistakes in Hofstede＇s work, and raised their argument that Chinese culture is not a collectivistic one, but a ＂shi＂ culture which relies heavily on context. The split of mind is the fundamental cause of this ＂shi＂ culture.展开更多
Recently,American talent shows with its unique glamour and huge profit have attracted many Chinese TV stations to imitate.The process of imitation is essentially a collision of American and Chinese cultures.This study...Recently,American talent shows with its unique glamour and huge profit have attracted many Chinese TV stations to imitate.The process of imitation is essentially a collision of American and Chinese cultures.This study focuses on American Idol and Super Girls,discusses their different manifestations of individualism and analyzes the reasons behind it.The analysis shows that the differences of the two countries'cultural background contribute to the different manifestations of individualism.In a word,during the process of imitating American talent shows,the problems of Chinese talent shows indicate that American individualism has its positive as well as negative effects.Consequently,Chinese people should hold a critical attitude toward American individualism.展开更多
Henry David Thoreau, the most influential American writer, naturalist, philosopher in 19th century, who was also an important representative figure of the American Transcendentalism Movement, the outcast of social mai...Henry David Thoreau, the most influential American writer, naturalist, philosopher in 19th century, who was also an important representative figure of the American Transcendentalism Movement, the outcast of social mainstream thoughts. For over 150 years, his thoughts have inspired people to seek a return to nature. As for his attitude towards life, he believed that human beings should live in their own way, listen to their own heart, and do what they believe is right. The purpose of this essay is to analysize Thoreau's idea of Individualism and his involvement in the crucial social issues. The analysis will first consider the nature of individualism and make distinction between Thoreau's individualism and individualism in American society. Then it will present an intensive study of Thoreau's embracing of some notions of individualism in Civil Disobedience and Walden. And the effects of his individualism have given to society not only in America but in other countries.展开更多
There is a large discrepancy in the value concept of life.We know that the ways of cherishing life are different in war to the soldiers from different cultures.We may perceive that people's concept has been much i...There is a large discrepancy in the value concept of life.We know that the ways of cherishing life are different in war to the soldiers from different cultures.We may perceive that people's concept has been much influenced by the different cultural background and social environment.And similar cultural background and social environment may make people's value trend introject.展开更多
family and school are two significant institutions of human society, involving two important phases, i.e., nurture and schooling. A study of how these two phases progress in China and in the United States would help u...family and school are two significant institutions of human society, involving two important phases, i.e., nurture and schooling. A study of how these two phases progress in China and in the United States would help us to get a glimpse of the cultural differences bctween the two countries. Whereas Confucian traditions still strongly influence present-day China, individualism prevails in American society.展开更多
The thesis analysis Chinese collectivism and American individualism mainly from food culture.The thesis has four parts.The first part expounds the two different values' concept.The second part analysis the two dif...The thesis analysis Chinese collectivism and American individualism mainly from food culture.The thesis has four parts.The first part expounds the two different values' concept.The second part analysis the two different values in detail from the way of cooking,diet style,dietary ideas and different types of payment through comparison.Chinese pay attention to seasoning,while America natural taste in the way of preparing;Chinese diet style is group dining system,while American diet style is individual dining system;Chinese dietary idea is emotional,while American dietary idea is rational;Chinese like my treat,American like go Dutch.The third part expounds the reasons of different values reflected in the two food culture.And it analysis the main reason from four part above mentioned in detail.The fourth part expounds that the paper aims at letting us learn about two countries' deep-structure culture hidden in food culture.And then we can keep the communication open.展开更多
The American self-concept is the integral assumption of the culture, and the best expression of it is the individualism and self-reliance. In social relations, individualism asserts its influence om many aspects such ...The American self-concept is the integral assumption of the culture, and the best expression of it is the individualism and self-reliance. In social relations, individualism asserts its influence om many aspects such as morality, ethics, or financial matters. Also individualism reflects a continuous frontier between the individual and the cultural. For being self-reliance, Americans approve self-motivation,which in the sense of long-range goals, as well as for a specific and immediate task.展开更多
Movie is an important part of modern civilized life,which embodies abundant cultural elements.The culture of a nation can be portrayed vividly in its movie.Hua Mulan,who is a famous legendary woman in Chinese history,...Movie is an important part of modern civilized life,which embodies abundant cultural elements.The culture of a nation can be portrayed vividly in its movie.Hua Mulan,who is a famous legendary woman in Chinese history,and her story has sung from generation to generation.But we see a Hollywood-like Hua Mulan in the Walt Disney movie Mulan,and American individualism can be found everywhere in this movie.The present study is going to discuss the American individualism in the movie Mulan,and at the same time,find out the main features of individualism according to this movie,namely,self-identity,independence,self-development and self-realization.展开更多
Within mere 300 hundred years, the United States has transformed from a primitive society to a civilized country, has foundeda capital society without remaining feudal force, has established an effective set of laws a...Within mere 300 hundred years, the United States has transformed from a primitive society to a civilized country, has foundeda capital society without remaining feudal force, has established an effective set of laws and has become the super power in the world. Itmakes such brilliant achievements in so short a period. Usually, a country's development and prosperity can not do without suitable val-ues, so does America. Among its various cultural values, one of the most valued and striking pair is individualism and equality. They arethe core in American culture. They are formed with the development of the United States while they also influence the country's develop-ment. Many American phenomena can be attributed to this pair of展开更多
In Vietnam, divorce traditionally was considered scandalous for women, so there was a strong pressure against divorce, especially for women. While divorce has long been culturally discouraged and limited, divorce has ...In Vietnam, divorce traditionally was considered scandalous for women, so there was a strong pressure against divorce, especially for women. While divorce has long been culturally discouraged and limited, divorce has been rapidly increasing after the renovation policy in late 1980s with alternative causes, consequences, etc Modernization is a process of transforming ＂traditional＂ society to ＂modern＂ one, in order to achieve economic development and growth, to innovate politics and to enhance their social structure towards a political, social, and economic system similar to those of western developed countries. In the field of marriage, family, and kinship, modernization process experiences the maintenance of traditional values and the appearance of the new modern values. This paper aims to examine trend and correlates of divorce and to identify social and cultural factors influencing the divorce decision, using data of divorce profiles of one district court in 10 years （i.e., 2000-2009） with total divorce profiles analyzed are 2,033 cases, of which 499 divorce couples in a rural district and 1,534 divorced couples in an urban area.展开更多
The paper explores the theoretical core of American individualism through the analysis of Cooper＇s The last of the Mohicans. It shows the significance of freedom and equality of each individual who may achieve perfec...The paper explores the theoretical core of American individualism through the analysis of Cooper＇s The last of the Mohicans. It shows the significance of freedom and equality of each individual who may achieve perfection through self-esteem, self-confidence and self-reliance. The portrayal of the main characters indicates the concept of freedom and equality, expressing Cooper＇s expectation to establish an ideal new world. But with the extinction of the Mohicans, Cooper＇s expectation of establishing a beautiful new world is ruined. This dream is not realized in his work due to the conflicts of individualism with race and culture.展开更多
In recent years,the Chinese beverage market has become more mature and customers have changed their priorities when buying drinks.Furthermore,Chinese people who are more likely to focus on group interests tend to have...In recent years,the Chinese beverage market has become more mature and customers have changed their priorities when buying drinks.Furthermore,Chinese people who are more likely to focus on group interests tend to have more collectivism.The purpose of this article is to analyze the reasons why the investments of American beverage corporates and the American individualism should be welcomed.The findings are(1)Coca-Cola Company have more strengths and opportunities than weaknesses when they advertise in China;(2)the carbonated industry is predicted to have a not very bright future;(3)the methods that American beverage industry advertise make Chinese people’s lives colorful owing to their advocacies and CSR awareness;(4)American individualism can push Chinese employees to be more competent.展开更多
Different personalities are shaped by different cultures.Chinese Confucianism and American Individualism took totally different developing routes.Understanding and contemplating their differences in personality can gr...Different personalities are shaped by different cultures.Chinese Confucianism and American Individualism took totally different developing routes.Understanding and contemplating their differences in personality can greatly enhance inter-cultural communication between these two countries.Based on the present researches and studies,this paper discusses the differences and current situation of Chinese and American personalities.Relevant suggestions are initiated aiming at learning from each other’s strong points and bridging the gap as to enhance the development of healthy personality and harmonious world.展开更多
Objective: Exploring how an ethnic culture-focused collective narrative strategy can be effectively used to promote resilience among the affected Qiang children for post-disaster psychological trauma at scale. Design:...Objective: Exploring how an ethnic culture-focused collective narrative strategy can be effectively used to promote resilience among the affected Qiang children for post-disaster psychological trauma at scale. Design: The study was conducted with a cohort of ethnic Qiang children through a pretest(n=1100) and post-three years test(n=957) to evaluate the effect of the intervention program from myth story-based collective narrative cultural practices. Results: Data from the study clearly indicate that children's resilience behaviour had been greatly improved by the myth story-based collective narrative activities with average scores on 11 items showing a significant increase from 2.08 at baseline to 4.12 at 3 years follow-up posttest(mean=2.04, 95% CI=0.97, 3.11, p <0.0001). No similar change occurred in the control groups(mean=0.74, 95% CI=-0.75, 2.23, n.s). Conclusion: The adoption of an ethnic culture-focused collectivism narrative approach for reduction of vulnerability was able to greatly promote the cultural variable to enhance coping for Qiang children affected by trauma at scale, which informed the urgency for developing an indigenous psych-cultural agenda for collectively responding to disaster trauma in ethnic minority contexts.展开更多
The world could be analyzed in many dimensions,like rich and poor,peace and warfare,equal and oppressive,but one of the most important dimensions may be the difference between different societies of individualist and ...The world could be analyzed in many dimensions,like rich and poor,peace and warfare,equal and oppressive,but one of the most important dimensions may be the difference between different societies of individualist and collectivist.This article is trying to discuss is the difference between individualism and collectivism in the western and eastern cultures,and also will explain and discuss it in some aspects,such as their viewpoint,their attitude on self-enhancement and self-criticism,and the goal setting and motivation,and take some cases which some researches and psychologists did and some cases found for example to describe it.Also it presents that social orientation and environment,and culture background will take important role to impact people’s mind and choice on individualism and collectivism.No matter individual or collective,it all have advantage and disadvantage for each,it needs comprehensive evaluation for differential environment which can obtain relative reasonable conclusion.展开更多
文摘Chinese culture, which has been regarded as a collectivistic one by such great heads as G. Hofstede and Triands for a long time, seldom receives challenge on its very nature. The authors, however, found at least three critical mistakes in Hofstede＇s work, and raised their argument that Chinese culture is not a collectivistic one, but a ＂shi＂ culture which relies heavily on context. The split of mind is the fundamental cause of this ＂shi＂ culture.
文摘Recently,American talent shows with its unique glamour and huge profit have attracted many Chinese TV stations to imitate.The process of imitation is essentially a collision of American and Chinese cultures.This study focuses on American Idol and Super Girls,discusses their different manifestations of individualism and analyzes the reasons behind it.The analysis shows that the differences of the two countries'cultural background contribute to the different manifestations of individualism.In a word,during the process of imitating American talent shows,the problems of Chinese talent shows indicate that American individualism has its positive as well as negative effects.Consequently,Chinese people should hold a critical attitude toward American individualism.
文摘Henry David Thoreau, the most influential American writer, naturalist, philosopher in 19th century, who was also an important representative figure of the American Transcendentalism Movement, the outcast of social mainstream thoughts. For over 150 years, his thoughts have inspired people to seek a return to nature. As for his attitude towards life, he believed that human beings should live in their own way, listen to their own heart, and do what they believe is right. The purpose of this essay is to analysize Thoreau's idea of Individualism and his involvement in the crucial social issues. The analysis will first consider the nature of individualism and make distinction between Thoreau's individualism and individualism in American society. Then it will present an intensive study of Thoreau's embracing of some notions of individualism in Civil Disobedience and Walden. And the effects of his individualism have given to society not only in America but in other countries.
文摘There is a large discrepancy in the value concept of life.We know that the ways of cherishing life are different in war to the soldiers from different cultures.We may perceive that people's concept has been much influenced by the different cultural background and social environment.And similar cultural background and social environment may make people's value trend introject.
文摘family and school are two significant institutions of human society, involving two important phases, i.e., nurture and schooling. A study of how these two phases progress in China and in the United States would help us to get a glimpse of the cultural differences bctween the two countries. Whereas Confucian traditions still strongly influence present-day China, individualism prevails in American society.
文摘The thesis analysis Chinese collectivism and American individualism mainly from food culture.The thesis has four parts.The first part expounds the two different values' concept.The second part analysis the two different values in detail from the way of cooking,diet style,dietary ideas and different types of payment through comparison.Chinese pay attention to seasoning,while America natural taste in the way of preparing;Chinese diet style is group dining system,while American diet style is individual dining system;Chinese dietary idea is emotional,while American dietary idea is rational;Chinese like my treat,American like go Dutch.The third part expounds the reasons of different values reflected in the two food culture.And it analysis the main reason from four part above mentioned in detail.The fourth part expounds that the paper aims at letting us learn about two countries' deep-structure culture hidden in food culture.And then we can keep the communication open.
文摘The American self-concept is the integral assumption of the culture, and the best expression of it is the individualism and self-reliance. In social relations, individualism asserts its influence om many aspects such as morality, ethics, or financial matters. Also individualism reflects a continuous frontier between the individual and the cultural. For being self-reliance, Americans approve self-motivation,which in the sense of long-range goals, as well as for a specific and immediate task.
文摘Movie is an important part of modern civilized life,which embodies abundant cultural elements.The culture of a nation can be portrayed vividly in its movie.Hua Mulan,who is a famous legendary woman in Chinese history,and her story has sung from generation to generation.But we see a Hollywood-like Hua Mulan in the Walt Disney movie Mulan,and American individualism can be found everywhere in this movie.The present study is going to discuss the American individualism in the movie Mulan,and at the same time,find out the main features of individualism according to this movie,namely,self-identity,independence,self-development and self-realization.
文摘Within mere 300 hundred years, the United States has transformed from a primitive society to a civilized country, has foundeda capital society without remaining feudal force, has established an effective set of laws and has become the super power in the world. Itmakes such brilliant achievements in so short a period. Usually, a country's development and prosperity can not do without suitable val-ues, so does America. Among its various cultural values, one of the most valued and striking pair is individualism and equality. They arethe core in American culture. They are formed with the development of the United States while they also influence the country's develop-ment. Many American phenomena can be attributed to this pair of
文摘In Vietnam, divorce traditionally was considered scandalous for women, so there was a strong pressure against divorce, especially for women. While divorce has long been culturally discouraged and limited, divorce has been rapidly increasing after the renovation policy in late 1980s with alternative causes, consequences, etc Modernization is a process of transforming ＂traditional＂ society to ＂modern＂ one, in order to achieve economic development and growth, to innovate politics and to enhance their social structure towards a political, social, and economic system similar to those of western developed countries. In the field of marriage, family, and kinship, modernization process experiences the maintenance of traditional values and the appearance of the new modern values. This paper aims to examine trend and correlates of divorce and to identify social and cultural factors influencing the divorce decision, using data of divorce profiles of one district court in 10 years （i.e., 2000-2009） with total divorce profiles analyzed are 2,033 cases, of which 499 divorce couples in a rural district and 1,534 divorced couples in an urban area.
文摘The paper explores the theoretical core of American individualism through the analysis of Cooper＇s The last of the Mohicans. It shows the significance of freedom and equality of each individual who may achieve perfection through self-esteem, self-confidence and self-reliance. The portrayal of the main characters indicates the concept of freedom and equality, expressing Cooper＇s expectation to establish an ideal new world. But with the extinction of the Mohicans, Cooper＇s expectation of establishing a beautiful new world is ruined. This dream is not realized in his work due to the conflicts of individualism with race and culture.
文摘In recent years,the Chinese beverage market has become more mature and customers have changed their priorities when buying drinks.Furthermore,Chinese people who are more likely to focus on group interests tend to have more collectivism.The purpose of this article is to analyze the reasons why the investments of American beverage corporates and the American individualism should be welcomed.The findings are(1)Coca-Cola Company have more strengths and opportunities than weaknesses when they advertise in China;(2)the carbonated industry is predicted to have a not very bright future;(3)the methods that American beverage industry advertise make Chinese people’s lives colorful owing to their advocacies and CSR awareness;(4)American individualism can push Chinese employees to be more competent.
文摘Different personalities are shaped by different cultures.Chinese Confucianism and American Individualism took totally different developing routes.Understanding and contemplating their differences in personality can greatly enhance inter-cultural communication between these two countries.Based on the present researches and studies,this paper discusses the differences and current situation of Chinese and American personalities.Relevant suggestions are initiated aiming at learning from each other’s strong points and bridging the gap as to enhance the development of healthy personality and harmonious world.
基金the volunteer participants and the John and Daphne Keats Endowment Research Fund from the University of Newcastle,Australia(G1500214,G0189569,G0900100)UNICEF which funded the fieldwork of the project in China
文摘Objective: Exploring how an ethnic culture-focused collective narrative strategy can be effectively used to promote resilience among the affected Qiang children for post-disaster psychological trauma at scale. Design: The study was conducted with a cohort of ethnic Qiang children through a pretest(n=1100) and post-three years test(n=957) to evaluate the effect of the intervention program from myth story-based collective narrative cultural practices. Results: Data from the study clearly indicate that children's resilience behaviour had been greatly improved by the myth story-based collective narrative activities with average scores on 11 items showing a significant increase from 2.08 at baseline to 4.12 at 3 years follow-up posttest(mean=2.04, 95% CI=0.97, 3.11, p <0.0001). No similar change occurred in the control groups(mean=0.74, 95% CI=-0.75, 2.23, n.s). Conclusion: The adoption of an ethnic culture-focused collectivism narrative approach for reduction of vulnerability was able to greatly promote the cultural variable to enhance coping for Qiang children affected by trauma at scale, which informed the urgency for developing an indigenous psych-cultural agenda for collectively responding to disaster trauma in ethnic minority contexts.
文摘The world could be analyzed in many dimensions,like rich and poor,peace and warfare,equal and oppressive,but one of the most important dimensions may be the difference between different societies of individualist and collectivist.This article is trying to discuss is the difference between individualism and collectivism in the western and eastern cultures,and also will explain and discuss it in some aspects,such as their viewpoint,their attitude on self-enhancement and self-criticism,and the goal setting and motivation,and take some cases which some researches and psychologists did and some cases found for example to describe it.Also it presents that social orientation and environment,and culture background will take important role to impact people’s mind and choice on individualism and collectivism.No matter individual or collective,it all have advantage and disadvantage for each,it needs comprehensive evaluation for differential environment which can obtain relative reasonable conclusion.
