Role of Activator Protein-1 in the Transcription of Interleukin-5 Gene Regulated by Protein Kinase C Signal in Asthmatic Human TLymphocytes

Summary: In order to explore the role of activator protein-1 (AP-1) in the transcription of interleukin-5 (IL-5) gene regulated by protein kinase C (PKC) signal in peripheral blood T lymphocytes from asthmatic patient, T lymphocytes were isolated and purified from peripheral blood of each asthmatic patient. The T lymphocytes were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A (blank control), group B (treated with PKC agonist phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)), Group C (treated with PMA and AP-1 cis-element decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (decoy ODNs)), and group D (treated with PMA and AP-1 mutant decoy ODNs). The ODNs were transfected into the T cells of group C and D by cation liposome respectively. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to assess IL-5 mRNA expression, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) for the activation of AP-1. The results showed that the activation of AP-1 (88 003.58±1 626.57) and the expression of IL-5 mRNA (0.8300±0.0294) in T lymphocytes stimulated with PMA were significantly higher than these in blank control (20 888.47±1103.56 and 0.3050±0.0208, respectively, P< 0.01), while the indexes (23 219.83±1 024.86 and 0.3425±0.0171 respectively) of T lymphocytes stimulated with PMA and AP-1 decoy ODNs were significantly inhibited, as compared with group B (P< 0.01). The indexes (87 107.41±1 342.92 and 0.8225±0.0222, respectively) in T lymphocytes stimulated with PMA and AP-1 mutant decoy ODNs did not exhibit significant changes, as compared with group B (P>0.05). The significant positive correlation was found between the activation of AP-1 and the expression of IL-5 mRNA (P< 0.01). It was concluded that AP-1 might participate in the signal transduction of PKC-triggered transcription of IL-5 gene in asthmatic T lymphocytes. This suggests the activation of PKC/AP-1 signal transduction cascade of T lymphocytes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma.

Inhibitory effect of heparin-derived oligosaccharides on secretion of interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 from human peripheral blood T lymphocytes

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of heparin-derived oligosaccharides (Oligs) on secretion of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) from human peripheral blood T lymphocytes (PBTLs).METHODS: Oligs were prepared by three different heparin depolymerization methods and separated by gel filtration chromatography. PBTLs from ten adult patients with allergic eosinophilic gastroenteritis were treated with phytahematoagglutinin (PHA) and Oligs. The supernatants from the cell culture of PBTLs were harvested and subjected to the determination of IL-4 and IL-5 contents by ELISA method.RESULTS: At the concentration of 5μg/mL, Oligs with different Mr had different effects on the secretion of IL-4 and IL-5. The tetrasaccharide with Mr of 1 142, produced by depolymerizing heparin with hydrogen peroxide, had the strongest inhibitory effect on the secretion of IL-4. It decreased the IL-4 content from 375.6±39.2 ng/L (PHA group) to 12.5±5.7 ng/L (P<0.01). The hexasaccharide with Mr of I 806, produced by depolymerizing heparin with βelimination method, had the strongest inhibitory effect on the secretion of IL-5. It decreased the IL-5 content from 289.2±33.4 ng/L (PHA group) to 22.0±5.2 ng/L (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The inhibitory activity of Oligs on the secretion of IL-4 and IL-5 from human PBTLs closely depends on their molecular structure, and there may be an essential structure to act as an inhibitor. The most effective inhibitors of IL-4 and IL-5 secretion are tetrasaccharides and hexasaccharides, respectively.

Concentration, distribution and expression of interleukin-5 in human nasal polyp tissues

OBJECTIVES: To study the concentration, distribution and expression of IL-5 in nasal polyp tissues and explore its significance in micro-environment differentiation of eosinophil accumulation. METHODS: The concentration and expression of IL-5 in nasal polyp tissues of 40 patients were determined by ELISA and immunohistochemistry and inferior turbinate mucosa from patients with nasal polyps and healthy volunteers were used as control. RESULTS: IL-5 concentration in polyp tissues was significantly higher than that in turbinate mucosa (P 0.05). IL-5 concentrations in polyp tissues were markedly higher in patients with allergic rhinitis compared with those without (P 0.05). 80.1% of the eosinophils were positive for IL-5 and 90.9% of IL-5 positive cells were eosinophils. Only 3.7% of lymphocytes and neutrophils were positive for IL-5; IL-5 was not detectable in epithelial cells. IL-5 expression in eosinophils of polyp tissues was remarkably stronger than that of the turbinate mucosa (P 0.05). IL-5 expression of eosinophils in polyp tissue was significantly stronger in patients with allergic rhinitis compared with those without (P 0.05). CONCLUSION: IL-5 is the key cytokine in eosinophilic pathologic mechanisms in nasal polyp tissues.

白藜芦醇激活细胞外信号调节激酶5信号蛋白促进小鼠MC3T3-E1细胞增殖

背景:细胞外信号调节激酶5信号蛋白对生物体的存活不可或缺,白藜芦醇能通过多种途径促进成骨细胞增殖,但其是否能通过细胞外信号调节激酶5信号蛋白调控成骨细胞功能还需进一步验证。目的:探究细胞外信号调节激酶5对MC3T3-E1细胞增殖以及相关分泌蛋白的调控作用,进一步验证白藜芦醇通过激活细胞外信号调节激酶5完成上述过程。方法:小鼠MC3T3-E1前成骨细胞分别用完全培养基、XMD8-92(细胞外信号调节激酶5抑制剂)、表皮生长因子(细胞外信号调节激酶5激活剂)和白藜芦醇单独干预及XMD8-92+表皮生长因子、白藜芦醇+XMD8-92干预后,通过Western blot检测各组细胞内细胞外信号调节激酶5、磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶5蛋白,增殖相关蛋白Cyclin D1、CDK4、PCNA,以及成骨细胞分泌蛋白骨保护素、核因子κB受体活化因子配体的表达情况,使用细胞免疫荧光染色检测各组细胞外信号调节激酶5、骨保护素和核因子κB受体活化因子配体荧光强度,使用EdU染色检测各组细胞增殖情况。白藜芦醇干预MC3T3-E1细胞的适宜浓度及时间由细胞形态学观察和CCK-8实验确定。结果与结论:①细胞外信号调节激酶5信号蛋白的激活能有效促进MC3T3-E1细胞增殖、上调骨保护素/核因子κB受体活化因子配体比值;②白藜芦醇干预MC3T3-E1细胞的适宜浓度及时间为5μmol/L,24 h;③白藜芦醇可以激活细胞外信号调节激酶5信号蛋白,进而促进成骨细胞增殖,并上调骨保护素/核因子κB受体活化因子配体比值;④研究结果表明,白藜芦醇可以通过激活细胞外信号调节激酶5信号蛋白促进MC3T3-E1细胞增殖,并通过激活细胞外信号调节激酶5信号蛋白上调骨保护素/核因子κB受体活化因子配体比值。

Interleukin-35: A key player managing pre-diabetes and chronic inflammatory type 1 autoimmune diabetes

Interleukin-35(IL-35)is a novel protein comprising IL-12αand IL-27βchains.The IL12A and EBI3 genes are responsible for its production.The study of IL-35 has experienced a substantial increase in interest in recent years,as demonstrated by many research papers.Recent clinical studies have shown that individuals who do not have a C-peptide have notably reduced amounts of IL-35 in their blood serum.This is accompanied by a drop in the percentage of IL-35+Treg cells,regulatory B cells,and CD8+FOXP3+cells that produce IL-35.This article em-phasizes the potential significance of IL-35 expression in governing the immune response and its involvement in chronic inflammatory autoimmune diabetes in pancreatic inflammation.It demonstrates IL-35's ability to regulate cytokine proportions,modulate B cells,and protect against autoimmune diabetes.However,further investigation is necessary to ascertain the precise mechanism of IL-35,and meticulous planning is essential for clinical studies.

基于改进YOLOv5的红花目标检测算法研究

为实现农业非结构环境下采摘机器人对红花的准确识别,提出了一种基于改进YOLOv5的红花目标检测算法。将CBAM注意力机制嵌入到YOLOv5网络,提高了小尺寸目标物在高层次特征中的表现力;建立一种Alpha-IoU目标位置损失函数对原损失函数GIOU存在的梯度消失问题进行改进,提高了被遮挡红花的预测率,并通过在目标检测网络中增加分割检测模块,提高宽和高小于最低像素的小目标物检测精度,利用图像扩增数据集对改进后的YOLOv5算法进行训练,再分别与改进前后YOLOv5网络和Faster R-CNN网络在不同红花品种、不同自然光照情况、不同天气条件和不同遮挡情况下进行对比。试验结果表明:改进后的YOLOv5算法P值、R值分别为90.45%和0.90,对非结构环境下盛开期的未采摘红花mAP值达到94.48%,在不同影响因素下都可以准确识别出红花且置信度较高,可为红花采摘机器人自动化作业中的红花识别提供技术支持。

过表达溶质载体家族1成员5和敲低慢病毒载体构建及稳定转染RAW264.7细胞株

背景:溶质载体家族1成员5(solute carrier family 1 member 5,SLC1A5)在多种疾病中发挥了潜在作用,但确切作用机制尚不清楚。构建稳定的SLC1A5过表达和敲低细胞模型可为深入研究SLC1A5在疾病中的确切作用机制以及发现潜在治疗靶点提供有力的实验工具。目的:构建小鼠SLC1A5过表达和敲低的慢病毒载体,以建立稳定转染的RAW264.7细胞株,为深入探讨SLC1A5在炎症中的作用提供实验基础。方法:根据SLC1A5基因序列设计合成引物并使用聚合酶链反应扩增该基因片段。将目的基因定向接入经Age I/Nhe I酶切的载体质粒GV492中构建重组慢病毒质粒,对阳性克隆进一步筛选后测序比对结果;pHelper1.0质粒载体、pHelper2.0质粒载体、目的质粒载体与293T细胞共同培养并转染,获得慢病毒原液进行包装和滴度测定;在此基础上,通过体外培养RAW264.7细胞,确定嘌呤霉素工作质量浓度;不同滴度的慢病毒分别与RAW264.7细胞共同培养,根据荧光强度确定转染效率;用嘌呤霉素挑选出稳定转染细胞,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应和蛋白免疫印迹方法检测稳定转染细胞株的SLC1A5基因和蛋白表达水平。结果与结论:(1)测序序列与目的序列一致提示重组慢病毒载体构建成功;(2)过表达SLC1A5慢病毒的滴度为1×10~9 TU/mL,敲低SLC1A5慢病毒的滴度为3×10~9 TU/mL;(3)确定RAW264.7细胞嘌呤霉素工作质量浓度为3μg/mL;(4)过表达/敲低SLC1A5慢病毒转染RAW264.7细胞的最佳条件皆为HiTransG P转染增强液且感染复数值等于50;(5)过表达SLC1A5稳转细胞株中SLC1A5基因和蛋白的表达量明显上调,而敲低SLC1A5稳转细胞株中SLC1A5基因和蛋白的表达量显著下调。结果表明,成功构建了小鼠SLC1A5过表达和敲低的慢病毒载体并获得稳定转染的RAW264.7细胞株。

5-羟甲基糠醛在CuPd(111)上的加氢反应机理研究

采用密度泛函理论,利用包含零点能校正的PBE-D3方法研究了5-羟甲基糠醛在双金属催化剂CuPd(111)上表面的加氢还原反应,考虑了两种反应路径,第一种反应路径是侧链上的醛基氧首先发生加氢反应生成F-CHOH中间体,然后F-CHOH中间体继续加氢生成2,5-二羟甲基呋喃;第二种反应路径是侧链上的醛基碳先加氢原还原生成F-CH_(2)O中间体,生成的F-CH_(2)O进一步加氢还原生成2,5-二羟甲基呋喃.计算了两种竞争反应路径的活化能垒和反应热,结果表明,5-羟甲基糠醛在CuPd(111)面加氢还原生成2,5-二羟甲基呋喃的最佳反应路径为:F-CHO→F-CHOH→F-CH_(2)OH.

经“O”点穿刺与传统单侧入路治疗L_(5)椎体骨质疏松性压缩性骨折

背景:单侧穿刺入路经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折优于双侧穿刺入路,由于L_(5)特殊解剖形态和位置特殊,传统单侧穿刺入路治疗L_(5)椎体骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折适用性差,因此提出“O”点穿刺入路来解决该问题。目的:比较经横突基底部-椎弓根后上部-关节突外侧交点(“O”点)入路与传统单侧入路经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗L_(5)椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折的疗效差异。方法:回顾性分析西南医科大学附属医院2020年1月至2022年12月收治的54例L_(5)椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折行经“O”点入路或传统经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗的患者,根据手术方式分为2组,“O”点入路组(A组)29例,传统入路组(B组)25例。术前在X射线正位片测量A组“O”点与髂棘位置及穿刺角度;比较两组术前与术后第2天、末次随访的局部Cobb角、椎体前缘、中部高度及骨水泥分布情况;术前、术后第2天及末次随访采用疼痛目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数评估患者疼痛缓解情况与日常生活能力,记录手术相关并发症。结果与结论:①A组手术时间、术中透视次数均少于B组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);两组术中出血量及骨水泥注射量差异无显著性意义;②两组患者术后第2天及末次随访疼痛目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数较术前明显降低,且A组降低比B组更明显(P<0.05);③“O”点位于双侧髂棘最高点连线之下平均距离1.23 cm;“O”点到髂棘平均横向距离2.89 cm;④两组患者末次随访Cobb角较术前明显改善(P<0.05),但两组间比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);⑤术后骨水泥分布,A组分布良好占97%(28/29),B组分布良好占88%(22/25),A组明显优于B组(P<0.05);⑥提示经“O”点穿刺入路与传统入路经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗L_(5)椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折疗效满意,但“O”点穿刺入路经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗骨水泥分布更满意,还可避免高髂棘对L_(5)椎体穿刺入路的影响。

miR-192-5p在增生性瘢痕组织及成纤维细胞中的表达及调控

背景:研究表明,miRNAs的表达与肝纤维化、肾纤维化及皮肤纤维化发生有关;并证实在痛风性关节炎中miR-192-5p与表皮调节素存在靶向调控关系。目的:探讨miR-192-5p在增生性瘢痕中的表达及调控作用,并验证miR-192-5p与表皮调节素之间存在靶向调控关系。方法:①在新疆医科大学第一附属医院收集6例增生性瘢痕组织及6例正常皮肤组织,采用qRT-PCR法检测miR-192-5p与表皮调节素mRNA表达。②组织块法获取原代增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞,传代培养至3-6代用于后续实验,实验分为3个组:阴性对照组、miR-192-5p模拟物组和miR-192-5p抑制物组,分别转染对应的序列。采用CCK-8法和EdU试剂盒检测细胞增殖活力,划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,qRT-PCR和Western blot法检测表皮调节素、Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原和α-SMA的基因和蛋白表达,生物信息学网站预测miR-192-5p靶点,双荧光素酶实验验证靶向结合。结果与结论:①与正常皮肤组织及其成纤维细胞相比,miR-192-5p和表皮调节素在增生性瘢痕和增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞中均呈高表达(P<0.05或P<0.01);②过表达miR-192-5p后,与阴性对照组比较,细胞增殖能力增强(P<0.05),EdU阳性细胞率增加(P<0.01);抑制miR-192-5p后细胞活力降低(P<0.05),EdU阳性细胞率减少(P<0.05);③过表达miR-192-5p 24 h后,与阴性对照组比较,模拟物组细胞划痕间面积、细胞凋亡率减小(P<0.05),miR-192-5p抑制物组细胞划痕间面积、细胞凋亡率增加(P<0.01);④转染48 h后,miR-192-5p模拟物组表皮调节素mRNA及蛋白水平显著降低、Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白mRNA及蛋白水平显著增高(P<0.05或P<0.01);miR-192-5p抑制物组上述4项指标呈现相反的变化(P<0.05或P<0.01);⑤Targetscan网站预测表皮调节素与miR-192-5p有潜在结合位点;⑥双荧光素酶实验显示,miR-192-5p能够与表皮调节素靶向结合。结果说明:miR-192-5p过表达可降低表皮调节素的表达,二者可能存在负向调控;提示通过调控表皮调节素可能起到抑制增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞增殖的作用。

Mechanism by which Rab5 promotes regeneration and functional recovery of zebrafish Mauthner axons

Rab5 is a GTPase protein that is involved in intracellular membrane trafficking. It functions by binding to various effector proteins and regulating cellular responses, including the formation of transport vesicles and their fusion with the cellular membrane. Rab5 has been reported to play an important role in the development of the zebrafish embryo;however, its role in axonal regeneration in the central nervous system remains unclear. In this study, we established a zebrafish Mauthner cell model of axonal injury using single-cell electroporation and two-photon axotomy techniques. We found that overexpression of Rab5 in single Mauthner cells promoted marked axonal regeneration and increased the number of intra-axonal transport vesicles. In contrast, treatment of zebrafish larvae with the Rab kinase inhibitor CID-1067700markedly inhibited axonal regeneration in Mauthner cells. We also found that Rab5 activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K) during axonal repair of Mauthner cells and promoted the recovery of zebrafish locomotor function. Additionally, rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin downstream of PI3K, markedly hindered axonal regeneration. These findings suggest that Rab5 promotes the axonal regeneration of injured zebrafish Mauthner cells by activating the PI3K signaling pathway.

酸枣仁提取物调控miR-7b-3p/5-羟色胺1A受体表达促进骨生长

背景:前期研究发现,酸枣仁提取物通过提高脑组织5-羟色胺1A受体(serotonin 1A receptor,5-HT1AR)表达,使之与5-羟色胺结合,延长小鼠慢波睡眠,促进生长激素的分泌,从而使骨生长。5-HT1AR作为一种蛋白质,其表达丰度受到miRNA的调控。作者推测酸枣仁提取物可能通过miRNA调控5-HT1AR的表达从而发挥药物作用。目的:观察酸枣仁提取物通过干预小鼠脑组织中miR-7b-3p/5-HT1AR通路对骨骼生长的影响。方法:①将昆明种小鼠分为正常对照组、用药组(灌胃酸枣仁提取物0.320 mg/g),阳性对照组(灌胃酸枣仁皂甙0.013 mg/g)和酸枣仁提取物+5-HT1AR抑制剂组(灌胃酸枣仁提取物最后3 d同时每天侧脑室注射5-HT1AR选择性抑制剂P-MPPF 8μg),25 d后观察酸枣仁提取物对小鼠骨生长、血清生长激素水平及脑组织5-HT1AR表达的影响;②基因芯片法筛选由酸枣仁提取物引起的骨生长小鼠与普通小鼠脑组织差异表达的miRNAs,并通过PCR验证和双荧光素酶报告基因实验证实筛选的miR-7b-3p与5-HT1AR的调控关系;③体外培养小鼠脑皮质细胞并鉴定,利用Western blot法观察酸枣仁提取物对脑皮质细胞中5-HT1AR表达的影响;④将昆明种小鼠分为正常对照组、用药组、miR-7b-3p inhibitor组、用药+miR-7b-3p mimics组、阳性对照组,观察各组小鼠脑组织5-HT1AR表达及5-羟色胺与5-HT1AR结合活性;⑤将SD大鼠分为正常对照组、用药组、miR-7b-3p inhibitor组、用药+miR-7b-3p mimics组、阳性对照组,观察各组大鼠慢波睡眠的变化。结果与结论:①酸枣仁提取物可以促进小鼠体长、胫骨增长,促进生长激素分泌,提高脑组织5-HT1AR含量;②基因芯片筛选出差异表达的miRNAs个数为16个,其中上调有13个,下调有3个;生物信息学预测下调miR-7b-3p可以调控5-HT1AR表达,且双荧光素酶报告基因实验证实二者有直接调控关系;③酸枣仁提取物和沉默脑皮质细胞中miR-7b-3p表达可以引起5-HT1AR高表达;沉默miR-7b-3p后小鼠脑组织5-HT1AR表达、5-羟色胺与5-HT1AR结合活性及生长激素分泌均升高;过表达miR-7b-3p后小鼠脑组织5-HT1AR表达、5-羟色胺与5-HT1AR结合活性及生长激素分泌均降低;大鼠慢波睡眠期也相应延长或缩短。结果表明,酸枣仁提取物能够降低脑组织的miR-7b-3p水平,同时增加5-HT1AR的表达量。这种机制有助于延长慢波睡眠周期,并且促进生长激素的生成,对骨骼生长有积极影响,为使用酸枣仁提取物作为促进骨骼生长的潜在手段提供了科学依据。

卷曲螺旋结构域蛋白2通过促进线粒体自噬抑制帕金森病SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡

背景:卷曲螺旋结构域蛋白2(coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing 2,CHCHD2)能否调控PINK1/Parkin介导的线粒体自噬在帕金森病中发挥神经保护作用尚未可知。目的:探讨CHCHD2在6-羟基多巴胺诱导的帕金森病细胞模型中对PINK1/Parkin信号通路介导的线粒体自噬发挥的作用及机制。方法:利用重组质粒转染技术过表达或敲低CHCHD2,用6-羟基多巴胺构建SH-SY5Y细胞帕金森病模型后分对照组、模型组、过表达阴性对照+6-羟基多巴胺组、敲低阴性对照+6-羟基多巴胺组、过表达CHCHD2+6-羟基多巴胺组和敲低CHCHD2+6-羟基多巴胺组。Western blot及RT-qPCR检测CHCHD2的表达;Western blot检测LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ、p62、MFN1、COXⅣ、DRP1、PINK1、Parkin、TIM23、Bax、Bcl-2及cleavedcaspase3蛋白表达;CCK-8、JC-1和活性氧试剂盒检测细胞活性、线粒体膜电位和活性氧水平,单丹磺酰尸胺染色观察细胞自噬情况,透射电镜观察自噬溶酶体。结果与结论:①与对照组相比,模型组细胞活性、线粒体膜电位及CHCHD2、PINK1、Parkin蛋白表达降低,活性氧水平、凋亡水平及LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ、p62蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),并观察到自噬溶酶体的存在;②与模型组相比,过表达CHCHD2能降低细胞活性氧水平,升高线粒体膜电位及PINK1、Parkin和MFN1蛋白表达水平,并观察到线粒体自噬溶酶体增多,而敲低CHCHD2后有与上述相反的作用,并伴有COXⅣ、TIM23和p-DRP1蛋白表达的升高(P<0.05);③与模型组相比,过表达CHCHD2能减少细胞凋亡,上调Bcl-2并下调Bax及cleavedcaspase3蛋白的表达,而敲低CHCHD2后有与上述相反的作用(P<0.05);④结果提示,CHCHD2在6-羟基多巴胺诱导的帕金森病细胞模型中可以通过促进PINK1/Parkin介导的线粒体自噬改善线粒体功能从而减轻细胞凋亡发挥神经保护作用。

miR-192-5p靶向CKIP-1促进骨质疏松患者骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化

背景:酪蛋白激酶2结合蛋白1(casein kinase 2-interaction protein-1,CKIP-1)是一种重要的骨形成负调控基因,其敲除鼠骨质显著增强、骨形成和骨密度也显著提高。而miRNA作为较早发现的小分子调控物,对大多数编码基因具有调控作用,在成骨分化中发挥重要作用。目的:探讨miRNA/CKIP-1对骨质疏松患者骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的影响及其分子机制。方法:采用miRNA-Seq技术检测2022年3-6月在开封市中心医院骨外科就诊32例骨质疏松患者及同期体检中心健康人群骨髓间充质干细胞中miRNA的变化情况;利用Targetscan网站预测靶向调控CKIP-1的miRNA,利用荧光素酶报告基因实验检测miRNA与CKIP-1启动子区DNA的结合;在骨髓间充质干细胞中转染miR-192-5p类似物(miR-192-5p mimics)/阴性对照(NC mimics)或miR-192-5p抑制剂(miR-192-5p inhibitor)/阴性对照(NC inhibitor),成骨诱导后第7,14天,通过实时荧光定量PCR技术及茜素红染色检测成骨标志基因Runt相关转录因子2(Runx2)、骨钙素、抗骨桥蛋白、骨唾液蛋白及CKIP-1的表达水平和骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化的情况;采用蛋白质免疫印迹实验及茜素红染色检测miR-192-5p/CKIP-1/轴对细胞成骨分化的的调控作用。结果与结论:与健康组相比,骨质疏松组有16个miRNA表达明显升高,53个miRNA表达明显降低(P<0.05);利用Targetscan网站预测,并通过荧光素酶报告基因实验验证,发现miR-192-5p与CKIP-1有互补的核苷酸序列(P<0.05);过表达miR-192-5p,Runx2、骨钙素、骨桥素和骨唾液蛋白的表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),抑制miR-192-5p,Runx2、骨钙素、骨桥素和骨唾液蛋白的表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),而沉默CKIP-1的表达后,Runx2、骨钙素及骨桥素的蛋白水平增加(P<0.05),逆转了敲低miR-192-5p对细胞成骨分化的抑制作用。上述结果证实,miR-192-5p在骨质疏松症中表达降低;miR-192-5p通过靶向抑制CKIP-1的表达,促进骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化。

Inhibiting ceramide synthase 5 expression in microglia decreases neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury

Microglia,the resident monocyte of the central nervous system,play a crucial role in the response to spinal cord injury.However,the precise mechanism remains unclear.To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which microglia regulate the neuroinflammatory response to spinal cord injury,we performed single-cell RNA sequencing dataset analysis,focusing on changes in microglial subpopulations.We found that the MG1 subpopulation emerged in the acute/subacute phase of spinal cord injury and expressed genes related to cell pyroptosis,sphingomyelin metabolism,and neuroinflammation at high levels.Subsequently,we established a mouse model of contusive injury and performed intrathecal injection of siRNA and molecular inhibitors to validate the role of ceramide synthase 5 in the neuroinflammatory responses and pyroptosis after spinal cord injury.Finally,we established a PC12-BV2 cell co-culture system and found that ceramide synthase 5 and pyroptosis-associated proteins were highly expressed to induce the apoptosis of neuron cells.Inhibiting ceramide synthase 5 expression in a mouse model of spinal cord injury effectively reduced pyroptosis.Furthermore,ceramide synthase 5-induced pyroptosis was dependent on activation of the NLRP3 signaling pathway.Inhibiting ceramide synthase 5 expression in microglia in vivo reduced neuronal apoptosis and promoted recovery of neurological function.Pla2g7 formed a“bridge”between sphingolipid metabolism and ceramide synthase 5-mediated cell death by inhibiting the NLRP3 signaling pathway.Collectively,these findings suggest that inhibiting ceramide synthase 5 expression in microglia after spinal cord injury effectively suppressed microglial pyroptosis mediated by NLRP3,thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.

Active immunotherapy of allergic asthma with a recombinant human interleukin-5 protein as vaccine in a murine model

Background Eosinophils are highly related to allergic asthma inflammation. Interleukin （IL）-5 is the major chemokine of eosinophils, inhibition of the activity of IL-5 thus seems to be a potential approach to asthma therapy. The current study was performed to determine whether a recombinant human IL-5 protein as a xenogeneic vaccine has the capability of inducing anti-asthma activities. Methods Recombinant human IL-5 was used as a protein vaccine. Mouse asthma model was established to observe the anti-asthma activities. Lung histology was observed; eosinophils in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage were stained and counted, Airway hyperresponsiveness was determined by whole body plethysmograph. Antibody characters and cytokines were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and Western blot assay. Results Vaccination with recombinant human IL-5 protein as vaccine significantly reduced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness, and shifted the cytokine production from Th2 （IL-4） to Thl （INF-γ） in mice allergic-asthma model. Immunization with recombinant human IL-5 protein vaccine bypassed the immunological tolerance and induced production of polyclonal antibodies that were cross-reactive with murine IL-5. Conclusions Active immunization with xenogeneic homologous IL-5 may be a possible therapeutic approach to the treatment of asthma and potentially of other eosinophilic disorders.

RNA interference against interleukin-5 attenuates airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in an asthma model

Interleukin-5 (IL-5) accompanies the development of airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness through the activation of eosinophils. Therefore, interference of IL-5 expression in lung tissue seems to be an accepted approach in asthma therapy. In this study, we designed a small interfering RNA (siRNA) to inhibit the expression of IL-5. The siRNAs against IL-5 were constructed in a lentivirus expressing system, and 1.5×106 IFU (inclusion-forming unit) lentiviruses were administered intratracheally to ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized murine asthmatic models. Our results show that lentivirus-delivered siRNA against IL-5 efficiently inhibited the IL-5 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression and significantly attenuated the inflammation in lung tissue. Significant decrease of eosinophils and inflammatory cells were found in peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissue. In addition, significant inhibition of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was found in the mice treated with siRNA against IL-5. These observations demonstrate that siRNA delivered by means of the lentivirus system is possibly an efficacious therapeutic approach for asthma.

Gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 overexpression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells improves brain pathology,cognition,and behavior in APP/PS1 mice

In patients with Alzheimer’s disease,gamma-glutamyl transferase 5(GGT5)expression has been observed to be downregulated in cerebrovascular endothelial cells.However,the functional role of GGT5 in the development of Alzheimer’s disease remains unclear.This study aimed to explore the effect of GGT5 on cognitive function and brain pathology in an APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease,as well as the underlying mechanism.We observed a significant reduction in GGT5 expression in two in vitro models of Alzheimer’s disease(Aβ_(1-42)-treated hCMEC/D3 and bEnd.3 cells),as well as in the APP/PS1 mouse model.Additionally,injection of APP/PS1 mice with an adeno-associated virus encoding GGT5 enhanced hippocampal synaptic plasticity and mitigated cognitive deficits.Interestingly,increasing GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells reduced levels of both soluble and insoluble amyloid-βin the brains of APP/PS1 mice.This effect may be attributable to inhibition of the expression ofβ-site APP cleaving enzyme 1,which is mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B.Our findings demonstrate that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is inversely associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis,and that GGT5 upregulation mitigates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice.These findings suggest that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease.

百日咳患儿血清IFN-γ、IL-5水平及其与免疫状态的关系

目的探讨百日咳患儿血清γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-5(IL-5)水平及其与免疫状态的关系。方法选取2021年1月至2023年12月该院儿科收治的300例百日咳患儿临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据患儿不同免疫状态分为未免疫组、部分免疫组和完全免疫组。比较3组患儿入院时血清IFN-γ、IL-5水平,并根据患儿年龄及完全免疫患儿接种时长进行分组,观察不同分组状况下患儿血清IFN-γ、IL-5水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析百日咳患儿血清IFN-γ、IL-5水平及其与免疫状态的关系。结果完全免疫组患儿血清IFN-γ水平高于未免疫组和部分免疫组,血清IL-5水平低于未免疫组和部分免疫组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);部分免疫组患儿IFN-γ水平高于未免疫组,血清IL-5水平低于未免疫组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);>3~6岁患儿血清IFN-γ水平高于其他年龄段患儿,IL-5水平低于其他年龄段患儿,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,调整受试者白细胞计数、淋巴细胞比例后,与完全免疫患儿比较,部分免疫患儿和未免疫患儿血清IFN-γ每增加一个单位,认为百日咳患儿免疫功能下降风险增加0.886倍(95%CI:0.836~0.938);部分免疫患儿和未免疫患儿血清IL-5每增加一个单位,认为百日咳患儿免疫功能下降风险增加1.255倍(95%CI:0.161~1.357);完全免疫状态下不同接种时长患儿血清IFN-γ、IL-5水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论不同免疫状态的百日咳患儿血清IFN-γ、IL-5水平存在一定差异,二者水平在一定程度上与患儿的免疫状态有关。