International experience of carbon neutrality and prospects of key technologies:Lessons for China

Carbon neutrality(or climate neutrality)has been a global consensus,and international experience exchange is essential.Given the differences in the degree of social development,resource endowment and technological level,each country should build a carbon-neutral plan based on its national conditions.Compared with other major developed countries(e.g.,Germany,the United States and Japan),China's carbon neutrality has much bigger challenges,including a heavy and time-pressured carbon reduction task and the current energy structure that is over-dependent on fossil fuels.Here we provide a comprehensive review of the status and prospects of the key technologies for low-carbon,near-zero carbon,and negative carbon emissions.Technological innovations associated with coal,oil-gas and hydrogen industries and their future potential in reducing carbon emissions are particularly explained and assessed.Based on integrated analysis of international experience from the world's major developed countries,in-depth knowledge of the current and future technologies,and China's energy and ecological resources potential,five lessons for the implementation of China's carbon neutrality are proposed:(1)transformation of energy production pattern from a coal-dominated pattern to a diversified renewable energy pattern;(2)renewable power-to-X and large-scale underground energy storage;(3)integration of green hydrogen production,storage,transport and utilization;(4)construction of clean energy systems based on smart sector coupling(ENSYSCO);(5)improvement of ecosystem carbon sinks both in nationwide forest land and potential desert in Northwest China.This paper provides an international perspective for a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities of carbon neutrality in China,and can serve as a theoretical foundation for medium-long term carbon neutral policy formulation.

Intrinsic Rationale of Functional Distribution and Quantitative Distribution--International Experience and Reference of Income Distribution

The issue of income distribution in the modern sense emerged with the creation of the capitalist mode of production-a process characterized by income gaps, at first widening, then narrowing, and widening once again. In the classical economic stage featuring dual economy, income distribution was dominated by capital due to scarce capital and cheap labor, which led to widening income gaps. Entering the neoclassical economic stage, income distribution was dominated by the game between capital and labor due to diminishing marginal return to capital and relatively scarce labor, which led to the growing share of labor compensation and narrowing income gaps. Yet since the 1970s, the deepening of financialization of capital has once again magnified the effect of capital-dominated income distribution, which, together with working class polarization, led to another round of widening income gaps. An observation of the long-term evolution of world economic development and income distribution gives us a clearer view on the intrinsic rationale of change in income distribution: The mode of production determines the mode of distribution and functional distribution shares intrinsic consistency with quantitative distribution.

Rethinking China's pension reform——The relevance of international experiences

Pension funds remain scarce no matter what institutional design is adopted. China has a host of unique issues facing its pension system,issues that must be confronted; for instance,the disappearance of its demographic dividends and legacy costs incurred due to institutional transition. Such features determine that China’s pension system is merely passable at the present time. In this article,Professor Cai Fang offers new and incisive perspectives on this issue,such as the potential stimulus for economic growth by ageing people’s desire to save money for old-age provisions.

Learning from International Experiences and Promoting People-to-People Diplomacy

People-to-people diplomacy refers to nongovernmental external relations by NGOs including foreign exchanges and cooperation in certain areas of expertise that could influence state foreign relations.People-to-people diplomacy has five characteristics:firstly,it is non-governmental,thus it neither represents the state or the

The International Experience of the Development Model of Chinese Characteristic Towns

There are many problems in our city in the process of resource allocation, inequality, income gap, inequality of opportunity, a large gap between urban and rural development. The process of urbanization in developed countries, ＂to flee the city, yearning for the country＂ concept and China ＂left the countryside into the city＂ concept in the opposite. In developed countries, higher family income families are more willing to live in the countryside, and family income relatively more inclined to live in the city. This paper will study the foreign classic the characteristics of town development model of them, hoping to learn from the experience and lessons of their construction, and puts forward suggestions on the construction characteristics of our country at the present stage of the town.

The International Experience of the Construction of Social Security System

Comparative Vision article from Social Security Intemational, discusses the need for international comparison focuses on the typical characteristics of the United Kingdom, Germany, the United States established the developed capitalist countries and emerging East Asian countries social security model, and on this basis, summed up the country should learn fi＇om each experience, its essence, as I used to promote the construction of China＇s social security system towards healthy and sustainable direction.

The inspiration for development in China from the international experience of entrepreneurial support policies

In the current severe employment situation, it is widely accepted by society that adopts entrepreneurship to promote employment. However, the problem is that the entrepreneurial enthusiasm is high but the rate of success is low. Hence, we need to provide a more complete entrepreneurial business environment. The thesis aims to provide experience and further improve our business environment by analyzing the international business support policy.

Study on the Formalized Development of the Street Stall Economy-based on Domestic and International Experiences and Perspectives

The ground-floor economy has a long history as a significant part of the informal economy.Due to the dependence on its own social status and relationship to the government’s political and economic objectives,it has developed precariously in recent years.In the face of post-epidemic problems,a shortcut is to learn from international experience.This paper used the structural theory and drew from the secondary data,demonstrating the background of informal economy and exploring the rational ways to maintain and develop street vending.Spatialization,legalization and network digitization are proven international approaches,which display the empirical and theoretical implications to urban practice and studies.

International Experience and Hainan's Path to Building a Free Trade Port

According tothe unified arrangement of Document No.12 of 2018 issued by the Central Committee of Communist Party of China(CPC)and the State Council,the first free trade port(FTP)with Chinese characteristics was to be built in Hainan.Certain difficulties and challenges will inevitably arise during the building of the port,including lack of a unified foreign trade structure,low added value for the tourism industry,low utilization rate of foreign investment,and lack of innovation and openness within the financial industry.However,Hainan also enjoys certain advantages that are conducive to the building of a FTP,such as the existence of its natural outlying islands,a sound ecological environment,experience in reform and innovation of special economic zones,and policy support from the central government,as well as other basic conditions beneficial to the construction of such a port.Hainan must learn from the successful experience of other international FTPs in areas such as trade regulation,business environment,port clearance,financial openness,and fiscal and tax policies.It will be necessary for China to benchmark not only against the highest international standards but also to focus on positioning by differentiated functions,lay a solid foundation for development and transcend policy incentives,make up for financial shortcomings,encourage financial openness and innovation,and carry out differentiated fiscal and tax policies.At the same time,the division of powers and functions between the central and local governments must be properly handled,and an integrated administrative organization that promotes collaboration between the central and local governments mustbeestablished.

International Experience, China's Development and Prospect of Carbon Market Construction

Carbon market,which is capable of scientific quantifying and marked-based pricing of carbon emission,is an important way for countries to achieve the target of carbon emission reduction.The global carbon market,after more than ten years of development,has developed a mature mechanism.China started the trial of carbon market in 2011.After ten years of exploration,the national carbon trading market was officially launched in mid-July 2021.Against the backdrop of carbon neutrality,the national carbon market will shoulder a greater mission of carbon emission reduction and speed up its financialization and internationalization.However,it should take a dialectical attitude toward the opportunities and risks of carbon market financialization.In the future,China can promote the development of carbon market through efforts to develop market participants,clarify the attributes of carbon finance,prevent potential risks of carbon finance,improve the connection mechanism with the international carbon market,and innovate carbon finance services.

International government regulatory experience of building energy-saving: A survey

Government regulation on building energy saving starts earlier in America, Holland, Japan and other developed countries, and has accumulated wealthy experience which is worth reference for China. According to practical work of building energy efficiency in China, the government regulation should to be divided into two stages: recent advance and forward continued promotion of industry. In short term, we should cultivate and improve energy efficiency market as the main task by means of enhancing awareness of energy conservation, accelerating heating system reform, implementing effective encouraging policy and setting up building energy efficiency sign system and etc. While in long term, we should put emphasis on upgrading and development of building energy efficiency industry by ways of improving standard and norm system, constructing technological guarantee system and forming socialized cooperation system and etc.

Nursing in a Globalized World: Nursing Students with International Study Experience Report Higher Competence at Graduation

Due to globalization, there is a need for nurses with skills and competence in providing safe, competent and culturally appropriate care. The aim of the study was to investigate whether International Study Experiences (ISE) in other countries during basic nursing education had an impact on newly graduated nurses as regards to self-reported competence. Moreover, a second aim was to explore what background factors that facilitated or constituted a hindrance for nursing students to choose to conduct part of their basic nursing education abroad. At 11 Universities/University Colleges (henceforth called Higher Education Institutions [HEIs]) in Sweden, 565 nursing students responded to the Nurse Professional Competence (NPC) Scale. Students with ISE rated their competence significantly higher on three NPC competence areas—“Legislation in nursing and safety planning”, “Leadership and development of nursing” and “Education and supervision of staff/students”. Background factors that significantly seemed to enhance ISE were living alone, not having children or other commitments in relation to family, international focus at the HEI and previous international experience. Lack of financial means was reported to prevent students from choosing ISE. The study implies that several background factors are of importance whether students choose ISE or not. ISE during basic nursing education might result in better self-reported competence in leading and developing nursing care, including education of future nurses, and in providing safe care.

Value of direct vision internal urethrotomy in treatment of urethral stricture-twenty-year clinical experience

Objective To summarize the experience and evaluate the efficacy of treatment of urethral stricture using direct visual internal urethrotomy ( DVIU) . Methods The clinical data of 361 patients ( age range 16 - 72 years, mean age 38 years) with urethral stricture who underwent urethrotomy from 1990 to 2010 was retrospectively ana-

Inspiration of Foreign Innovative Drug Pricing Methods and Medical Insurance Payment Standards to China

Objective To study the innovative drug pricing methods and medical insurance payment standards in foreign countries and to provide reference for China’s government.Methods The official websites were searched for information and related literature,and literature review was used.Results and Conclusion In foreign countries,the clinical value of innovative drugs and their impact on medical insurance funds were comprehensively evaluated based on factors such as quality-adjusted life years,clinical benefit,and improvement of clinical benefit.Then,the evaluation results were taken as an important basis for whether innovative drugs were admitted to the medical insurance catalog and establishing medical insurance payment standards.By using international experience for reference,innovative drug pricing methods and medical insurance payment standards for China’s national conditions can be improved by establishing a basic database of clinical value and drug economic evaluation of innovative drugs,as well as innovative drug payment models based on decision thresholds.

国外基层医疗卫生机构应急管理及对我国的启示

目的比较和分析国外应对突发公共卫生事件时基层医疗卫生机构的应急反应,分析其职责、应急管理体系建设经验,提出符合我国实际的基层医疗卫生机构突发公共卫生事件应对的制度化建议。方法基于文献分析,系统回顾国内外应对突发公共卫生事件时基层医疗卫生机构的职责、应急管理体系的建设经验。结果我国基层医疗卫生机构在专业技术人才、长效投入、防控基础建设、部门协调方面仍有提升空间。结论未来需结合国际经验,从提高基层医疗卫生机构突发公共卫生事件软硬件建设、调整卫生应急经费投入、优化空间布局与应急设置、加强医防融合、优化应急防控体系组织协调机制等方面,优化基层医疗卫生机构突发公共卫生事件协同应急防控管理建设。

Research on transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industry under the background of reducing capacity

In today＇s economic situation, overcapacity of Chinese traditional manufacturing industry poses a serious threat to sustaineck rapid and healthy development of economy. The primary reasons of excess capacity of Chinese traditional manufacturing industry are the discordant between consumption and investment, the irrational industrial structure, export is not ideal and other causes. Overcapacity of traditional manufacturing industry will lead to business failures, unemployment citizen, deflation, financial risk and other series consequences. We should learn from foreign experience in the processing of excess capacity of traditional manufacturing industry and deal with excess capacity of traditional manufacturing industry in different aspects, so as to ensure stable and healthy development of our country＇ s economy.

Analysis on the industry of tourism for the aged

The problem of aging, as a severe test in the world, has attracted wide attention all over the world. This article will study the development of the tourism pension industry on the basis of traditional old-age mode, compare the experience of the development of foreign tourism for the aged, and finally put forward some suggestions and thinking for the development of China＇s special color.

Evolution of Interface Soliton over Topography

Several ray-type 1D and 2D KdV equations for two-layer stratified ocean with topographic effect are derived in detail in the present study. A simplified version of these equations, ray type 1D KdV equation, is used to calculate numerically the disintegration of initial interface soliton from the deep sea to the continental shelf. At the same time, a laboratory experiment is carried out in a 2D stratified flow and internal wave tank to examine the numerical results. A comparison of the numerical results with the experimental results shows that they are in good agreement. The numerical results also show that the ray-type KdV equation has high accuracy in describing the evolution of initial interface waves in shelf/slope regions. Form these results, it can be concluded that the fission process is a dominant generating mechanism of interface soliton packets on the continental shelf.

Examining the pathway and mechanism of comprehensive land consolidation through the lens of rural neo-endogenous development

Land consolidation(LC) stands as a globally recognized strategy for rural development. In China, it has evolved towards comprehensive land consolidation(CLC) to support the rural revitalization initiative. However, there are ongoing challenges in understanding CLC's specific pathway and mechanism, particularly its role in stimulating rural endogenous development. This study aims to investigate the localization process of international experiences, examine the pathway of CLC, and scrutinize its mechanism in rural development from a novel perspective of neo-endogenous development. Field research and semi-structured interviews were conducted in Nanzhanglou village, renowned for its early adoption of CLC practices inspired by German experiences since 1988. Overall, key findings underscore the advantages of CLC in spatial restructuring, industrial development, and human capital enhancement in rural areas. Additionally, international experiences emerge as crucial exogenous forces, primarily by knowledge embedding, which catalyzes rural neo-endogenous development via the “resource-engagement-identity-endogenous” mechanism. Collectively, by introducing a neo-endogenous theoretical framework, this study offers valuable insights into the CLC implementation in China and beyond, and emphasizes the positive impact of knowledge embedding as an exogenous force in promoting rural neo-endogenous development to address existing research gaps. Recommendations for sustainable rural development involve enhancing rural planning practicality, governance capacity, and local leadership, while prioritizing agricultural modernization and increasing investments in education and vocational training to ensure that villagers benefit from industrial development.

What Developing International Markets for Ecosystem Services Reveal for China's Forestry Sector?

The market mechanism for forest ecosystem service has already become common knowledge among countries in the international movement to address global climate change.In this paper,international experiences of forest ecosystem market such as better understanding of concept,public participation, sound trading rules and measurement standards are analyzed,and its implication for China is also summarized.Finally,the prospects of forest ecosystem service market in China are discussed.The purpose of this paper i...