The Pathologies of Modernity:Liberalism,Nihilism,Conservatism,Postmodernism,Intersectionality/Identity Politics,and Secular Humanism

In this article,Mocombe highlights what he calls the pathological-pathogenic purposive-rationalities(liberalism,nihilism,conservatism,postmodernism,intersectionality/identity politics,and secular humanism)that emerge out of modernity as constituted by the West under American hegemony.In the place of these pathological-pathogenic responses to the vagaries of modernity,Mocombe calls for an antihumanism,associated with what he calls libertarian communism,as a panacea to the aforementioned malaises.

The Crisis of Global COVID-19 Governance and the Challenge of Liberalism From Error-Tolerantism

The crisis of COVID-19 governance in Western countries has demonstrated inherent defects of the concept of freedom defined by liberalists.Error-Tolerantism integrating liberalism with China’s cultures divides the right to freedom into two categories:The right to freedom in the innovative fields is the right to be wrong as an original right;and those to freedom in the non-innovative fields are the subordinate rights.Rights come from mutual empowerment between people.The right theory of Error-Tolerantism called error-tolerant rights paradigm is the right to be wrong as an original right and mutual empowerment theory.The first defect of liberalism is that the Western media criticized China’s right to be wrong as an original right in the governance of COVID-19 by turning to the rights to freedom at the subordinate level in the context of non-COVID-19.The second defect is its failure to realize that the rational implementation of the right to be wrong as an original right will produce new subordinate rights.The number of people infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan dropping to zero indicates that new subordinate rights to freedom,such as keeping social distance,wearing face masks in public places,showing health codes,etc.,have been formed and confirmed.Error-Tolerantism holds that the definition of freedom by liberalists lacks dynamics,leading to the confusion in understanding the idea of freedom and various illegal actions endangering public security,such as traveling,gathering,or demonstrating without wearing masks during the pandemic.

Toward a Security Community in Asia? The Limits of Constructivism, Developmental Statism, Liberalism, and Realism

This article asks whether a regional security community has emerged in Asia with the potential to grow mature and seeks to make a contribution to the ongoing debate on this controversial topic.It advances the argument that states in this broad region are far from being able to develop a security community for reasons different from those provided by political realists,developmental statists,liberals,and constructivists(social,discursive,and emancipationist).The role of Association of Southeast Asia(ASEAN)and that of China provide excellent test cases for the theoretical proposition that the building of a successful regional security community requires at least two necessary conditions:liberal democracy and regional democratic leadership,which remain absent in Asia.

Confucian Liberalism:Convergence Between the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Chinese Traditional Culture

As early as the 18th century,Confucian liberalism of considering others in one s own place was integrated into the provisions of freedom of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.In 1948,the Confucian idea of benevolence and other liberalism had an important influence on the drafting and content of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.The fulcrum of Confucian liberalism is self-discipline based on benevolence.The code of conduct created by Confucianism of"What you do not want done to yourself,do not do to others"has the social effect of safeguarding people’s negative freedom;the code of conduct of"while establishing himself and pursuing success,also works to establish others and enable them to succeed as well"has the social effect of safeguarding people s positive freedom.Confucian liberalism is social-oriented,which adheres to the unity of everyone’s freedom with the freedom of others,and the idea that individual freedom lies in the overall freedom of the social community.It is based on the conscience(benevolence)of the way of considering others in one’s own place and the practical path from the obligation to rights and freedoms are prominent features of traditional Chinese culture.It is consistent with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights’provision that everyone has duties to the community,and is similar to Marx’s philosophy that"the free development of every human being is the condition of the free development of all human beings",and is a unique system of liberal discourse that is different from Western liberalism.

“liberal arts”的源与流——古今之变中的审视

“古今之变”是审视liberal arts流变的中心线索。古典liberal arts是具有内在统一性并指向完满品格的整全性知识体系。欧洲三次文艺复兴对liberal arts的再造展现了其历史流变中的不变逻辑,即为特定时代的受教育者提供共同价值。德国古典大学赋予了liberal arts在古典意义上的完美形态,而新人文主义的自我塑造观念孕育了博雅教育的现代转向。科学革命终结了古典学术的内在统一性与道德理想,瓦解了古典liberal arts。美国现代大学则借助古典资源,经由三次改革浪潮重建了liberal arts。然而,古典教育凝聚文明精华的共同价值、塑造意义与学术整合力量,同现代科学的智识自由、价值分殊与学科分化特性相冲突,这是古今之变为现代大学再造liberal arts所深植的困境,liberal arts只能在钟摆的两端之间不断权衡。

Pathways to Enhance New Quality Productivity in New Liberal Arts Education Through Artificial Intelligence

This paper explores the pathways through which artificial intelligence(AI)enhances new quality productivity in new liberal arts education.By analyzing the role of AI in personalized learning,interdisciplinary integration,and the application of virtual reality/augmented reality technologies,it reveals how AI technology promotes the development of students’innovative capabilities and productivity in the context of new liberal arts education.The study shows that AI is not only a technical tool but also a driving force for transforming educational models and fostering knowledge innovation.Further exploration of the deep integration of AI and new liberal arts education is necessary to promote comprehensive social progress.

英文“liberal arts”真的等于“文科”或“人文学科”吗?——兼论翻译中的词汇空缺现象

伴随古希腊哲学思想兴起的liberal arts,体现了古希腊人对“普遍理解”的追求,经古罗马、文艺复兴及近世以降之经年累月发展,此概念之内在含义已然超越单纯之“文科”或“人文学科”的范畴,涵盖更广泛的学科领域。Liberal arts旨在培养学生广泛的知识和技能,包括批判性思维、沟通技巧、文化理解和全球意识等,从而使他们成为具有丰富知识和广泛兴趣的人。纵观liberal arts的发展,不宜将其简单翻译为“文科”或“人文学科”,可根据不同语境将其译为“通识教育”“博雅教育”,乃至“文理教育”。

An Exploration of Higher Vocational English Teachers’Professional Development on Students’Learning Ability in the Context of New Liberal Arts

The concept of New Liberal Arts,a multidisciplinary combined integrator with Chinese values at its core,has brought new challenges to the teaching methods and professional development of higher-level English teachers.Based on the evolving professional development process of higher vocational English teachers in the context of the New Liberal Arts,this article analyzes how English teachers can integrate multidisciplinary knowledge and adopt advanced educational technology in the teaching process.On this basis,it discusses the role of teachers’professional development in enhancing students’learning ability,such as through deepening disciplinary understanding,adopting innovative teaching strategies,and implementing personalized teaching.At the end of the article,based on a variety of pedagogical theories,we put forward suggestions,including continuous professional training,interdisciplinary cooperation,and the application of innovative teaching techniques,which are mainly aimed at helping higher vocational English teachers get rid of the dilemma of the new situation,adapt to the needs of the new liberal arts education as soon as possible,and then effectively improve students’abilities.

Research on Online-Offline Hybrid Teaching Mode of College English in the Context of New Liberal Arts

English is an important course in colleges,and students’proficiency in the language can significantly affect their learning in multiple disciplines.At present,offline classroom teaching is still the primary mode of college English teaching,and online teaching has not been widely used.Under the background of new liberal arts,the teaching tasks and objectives of college English have changed,and it is imperative to carry out online-offline hybrid teaching mode.This paper analyzes the feasibility of the online-offline hybrid teaching mode of college English,summarizes its problems,and explores its implementation strategies in the context of the new liberal arts,to provide references for teachers.

保守主义强化:俄罗斯对外政策态势

The political essence of Russian conservatism is to respect the historical tradition and take a development path aligned with Russia's national conditions.Since Putin came to power,Russian conservatism has developed into the mainstream official ideology,becoming the core concept of Russia's current domestic and foreign policies.Russian conservatism is not only the guiding principle of Russia's national foreign policy,but it is also the moral banner of Russia's diplomacy,which reflects its foreign cognition and value system.Under the guidance of conservatism,Russia's foreign policy has distinct offensive features,and Russia has intensified its efforts to counter the liberal international order dominated by the West.After the escalation of the Ukraine crisis,the status of conservatism as Russia's mainstream ideology has been further consolidated,exerting a comprehensive influence on foreign policy.Against the background of extreme sanctions and isolation from the United States and the West,Russia has turned its diplomatic attention to non-Western countries,hoping to build a new international order.

The effect of overseas investors on local market efficiency:evidence from the Shanghai/Shenzhen–Hong Kong Stock Connect

Using a recent stock market liberalization reform policy in China—the Stock Connect—as a quasi-natural experiment,this study examines the effect of stock market liberalization on market efficiency.Employing a dataset of 17,086 Chinese listed firms covering 2009 to 2018,we find that stock market liberalization improves the market efficiency of the Chinese mainland stock market.We further explore the potential channels through which the Stock Connect can enhance the efficiency of the A-share(A-shares refer to shares issued by Chinese companies incorporated in China's Mainland,traded in the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange.They are denominated in Chinese RMB(the local currency).A-shares were restricted to local Chinese investors before 2003,are open to foreign investors via the Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor,RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor,or the Stock Connect programs.)market.The findings show that liberalizing capital markets could benefit local market efficiency by increasing stock price informational efficiency and improving corporate governance quality.The additional analysis shows that stock market liberalization has a significant and positive impact on local market efficiency,enhancing firm value and reducing stock crash risk.We conduct various robustness checks to corroborate our findings.This study provides important policy implications for emerging countries liberalizing capital markets for foreign investors.

Teaching Reform and Practice of Finance under the Background of New Liberal Arts

Under the background of new liberal arts,the problems existing in the teaching process of Finance were re-examined.For instance,the setting of teaching objectives does not meet the requirements of construction of new liberal arts,and teaching content emphasizes theory;teaching method is single,and teaching assessment is not reasonable.It is proposed that the curriculum reform should be carried out from five dimensions:teaching objective,teaching content,teaching method,practice system and teaching evaluation,so as to meet the requirements of construction of new liberal arts.

Research and Practice of Integrating Ideological and Political Education Into Liberal Arts Mathematics Teaching

This paper first analyses the reasons for the low effectiveness of ideological and political education in current liberal arts mathematics teaching,then puts forward the contents,methods,and approaches of integrating ideological and political education into liberal arts mathematics teaching,and finally finds out the matters needing attention of integrating ideological and political education into liberal arts mathematics teaching.

National Revival and Workers Liberation in the Polish Issue-The Differences Between Marx and Engels and Proudhonists During the First International

In the international communist movement in the 19th century,the national uprising in Europe and the workers’movement were intertwined,forming a complex historical background.The Polish National Uprising in 1863 became a historical opportunity for the establishment of the First International.Although the unity of the British workers and the French workers was the realistic basis of the First International,the French workers showed a vague attitude different from the British workers on the Polish issue.In the first Congress of the First International,the French workers who almost are Proudhonists rejected the issue of supporting the Polish nation against the Tsar Russian oppression.Pierre-Joseph Proudhon did not link the Polish issue with the workers’movement,while he insisted that social and economic issues should not be confused with political reconstruction,and artificially separated national revival from workers’liberation.In order to promote and assist the establishment of the First International,Marx made certain consideration and concessions on national issues in the formulation of its declaration and constitution.Then Engels,commissioned by Marx,made some specific interpretations that they based on the difference between nation and nationality,and adhere it to the international national principle,both clearly shows the Marxism view of nation state,reveals the risk if international communist movement limited to the principle of nationalities,and also further reveals the importance to combine two great cause,national revival and workers liberation.

Examining the Trends and Influencing Factors of International Trade in the Era of New Economic Globalization

In the context of the new era of economic globalization,the development of international trade holds immense significance in fostering global economic recovery and advancing the process of global economic integration.Against this backdrop,aspects such as trade liberalization,digital trade,trade in services,and the influence of multinational companies are becoming increasingly prominent.Concurrently,factors encompassing economic,political,technological,and environmental considerations,as well as regional economic integration,will exert influence on the trajectory of international trade development.This paper aims to comprehensively explore the development trends of international trade and the myriad influencing factors within the framework of the new economic globalization.

在哲学家的时代重申雄辩家的教育传统——《雄辩家与哲学家:博雅教育观念史》读后

1981年,美国学者布鲁斯·金博尔（Bruce Kimball）以博士论文《美国博雅教育概念的历史与类型学分析》（A Historical and Typological Analysis of Ideas of Liberal Education in America）获得哈佛大学教育学院的博士学位。

中国近代教会大学的办学理念——自由博雅教育

19世纪中期起,在中国的传教士对当时的中国教育提出了尖锐的批评,并在近代中国政府的教育体制之外办了从小学到大学的3级教育体系。教会大学办学的指导思想受到传教士所在国传统教育观念的影响。自由博雅教育(liberal education)理念是其核心,即人文的博雅全面教育观,也常被翻译为通识教育。

论杰布尔的自由原初意图主义

美国学者斯科特·杰布尔提出了新的宪法解释范式理论,即"自由的原意主义"(liberal original-ism)。他既反对脱离文本的现代自由的解释理论,也反对向后看的现代保守原意主义方法论,而主张自由的原意主义。杰布尔以历史、政治哲学和法律为分析视角,认为美国宪法的原初意图就是保护个人的自然权利。自由原意主义方法对美国宪法解释产生了深远的影响。

The Root Cause of the Failure of American COVID-19 Governance Based on the Criticism of Liberal Democracy From Error-Tolerant Democracy

Liberal democracy cannot help America govern COVID-19 effectively for liberalism’s misunderstanding of the concept of liberty.Error-tolerantism divides liberty into the right to liberty in innovative fields,the right to be wrong as an original right,and the right to be right in non-innovative ones as sub-rights;rights come from mutual empowerment among people.The major defects of liberal democracy from the perspective of error-tolerant democracy constructed on error-tolerantism are as follows:The essence of election is to transfer people’s right to be wrong and corresponding right to be right to politicians,but the separation and balance of powers does not evaluate whether presidents,states,mayors,et al.,have exercised the power to be wrong reasonably,so that they could even abuse it in the COVID-19 governance,and did great harm to people’s human rights without any accountability or impeachment.Democratic governor’power to be wrong authorized by election was deprived by President Trump through issuing false information in the COVID-19 governance and encouraging people to protest against the anti-pandemic laws,which made liberal democracy in the United States threatened and COVID-19 out of control.

A Prerequisite for the Successful Governance of COVID-19 in the United States:Expansion of Liberal Democracy From Politics to Economy

The failure of COVID-19 governance in the United States of America is closely related to its economic inequality.According to the theory of error-tolerant democracy,after reflecting on the American financial crisis of 2008,liberty should be redefined from mutual empowerment under the background of regulation,which means that rights to liberty of entrepreneurs and financial capitalists in the public economy are empowered by the people,so they should empower and benefit the people,corresponding to regulation and redistribution respectively.During the COVID-19 pandemic,empowering and benefiting the people regarded as economic democracy has not been realized for neoliberal policies,leading to insufficient public funds to help citizens badly hurt by the disease.To restore the U.S.as the beacon of democracy,it should undertake the historical mission:expansion of liberal democracy from politics to economy so as to reduce unreasonable economic inequality and protect rights to life of more infected Americans.